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1、Test 1 1275The Northwest Coast, a complex pattern ofislands, coastal plains, foothills, and mountainranges, extends from California no rth to Alaska,encompassing all the t errito ry west of the Cascadeand Coast Ranges. I t s climate is one o f even,moderate temperatures (except in the mountainsand r

2、elatively heavy rainfall. This combination of mild temperatures and abundant rainfall produces a lush,dense forest vegetation of conifers, deciduous trees,mosses, and ferns.To its Native American inhabitants of the 1400's,the long, slender coastal region presented both afavorable and a forbiddin

3、g environment. The sea and the rivers held many resources, but to exploit themrequired the development of supe r craft to navigatewaters that we re often stormy and rough. The forests were rich with game and many edible plant foods, but the vegetation of much of the area was so dense that land trave

4、l wa s extremely di f ficult, and lar ge parts ofthe heavily forested foothills and rugged mountainswere unsuitable for huma n settlements. Villagesinstead were located along the rivers, on theshores of bays and low-l y ing offshore islands, andoccasionally even at sheltered locations fronting on th

5、e open ocean.It is estimated that the Northwest Coast of the1400's had a population of about 130,000 and thuswas one of the most heavily populated areas ofNorth America north of Mexico. The people hadno agriculture but, over thousands of years, haddeveloped techniques and equipment to exploit th

6、eirenvironment, basing their economy on fishing instreams and coastal waters that teemed with salmon, halibut, and other varieties of fish; gathering abalone, mussels, clams, and other shellfish from the rockycoastline; hunting land and sea mammals; andcollecting wild plant foods. By the end of the

7、centu ry, they reached a high cultural level usually found onlyamong agricultural people, enjoying a stability thatallowed the development of a complex social andceremonial life, an elaborate technology, and one ofthe world's great art styles.1. Which of the following is the mainpoint the author

8、 makes about NativeAmericans of the Northwest Coast?They raised crops unique toNorth America.?They made good use of theenvironment to build asuccessful society.?Their technology helped themsurvive in the area's harshclimate.?Their culture was heavilyinfluenced by the culture ofMexico. 2. The cli

9、mate of the Northwest Coast region is generally?warm and dry?extremely cold?neither very hot nor very cold?constantly changing3. The word game in the passage is closest in meaning to?sport?tricks?wood?animals4. According to the passage, what probably discouraged people from trying to go from one par

10、t of theNorthwest Coast region to another? ?Large areas thic k with bushesand trees?Vast fields of broken ice?Inabili ty to understand otherlanguages?Disagreements over huntingareas5. According to the passage, the Native Americans of the Northwest Coast region generally did not live?in villages?on o

11、ffshore islands?close to rivers?in the mountains6. The phrase teemed w ith in the passage is closest in meaning to?varied according to?competed for?w ere combined with?w ere full of7. The author implies that the NativeAmericans of the Northwest Coast differed from most other highly developed societi

12、es of the timebecause?they did not depend onagriculture?they lacked good means oftransportation?the ir society arose in an arcticclimate?their society was based onownership of domestic animals.8. The word they in the passagerefers to?land and sea mammals?wild plant foods?the people of the NorthwestC

13、oast?agricultural people9. All of the following are mentioned inthe passage as being important tothe people of the Northwest CoastEXCEPT?boatbuilding skills?forest plants for food?w ood for building durable homes?plentiful supplies of seafood10. It is clear that the author has a highopinion of the r

14、egion's traditional?gardens?art?architecture?music11. The author mentions the area'spopulation in order todemonstrate that?the enviro nment could supportmany people?trade with Mexico was of greatimportance?environmental problems werelikely to arise?many people had migrated fromMexico to the

15、areaThe city is a global phenomenon. It isalso a regional and cultural variable. Evenwithin the seemingly homogenous North Americancultural realm, the c ity shows subtle but significantdifferences-not only between older eastern andnewer w estern United States cities but also be tween cities of Canad

16、a and those of the United States.Although the urban expression is similar in the twocountries, it is not identical, and the truly “NorthAmerican” city is more a myth than a reality.The Canadian city, for example, is more compact than its United States counterpart of equal population size, with a hig

17、her density of buildings and peopleand a lesser degree of suburbanization of populations and functions. Space-saving, multiple-family housing units are more the rule in Canada, so a similarpopulation is housed on a smaller land area withmuch higher densities, on average, within the central area of c

18、ities. The Canadian city is better served by and more dependent on mass transportationthan is the United States c ity. This dependencegives form and structure to the Canadian centralcity, qualities now lost in the sprawling United Statesmetropolis, whose residents view the central district as increa

19、singly less central to their lives. Since Canadian metropolitan areas have only one-quarter the number of kilometers of superhighwaysper capita as United States metropolitan areas -and at least as much resistance to constructing more -suburbanization of peoples and functions is lessextensive north o

20、f the border than south. It is likelyto remain that way.Besides these physical differences, Canadian-United States contrasts are also apparent in theircities' social structures. While cities in both countries are ethnically diverse-Canadian communities, infact, have the higher proportion of immi

21、grants - inthe United States there are pronounced economiccontrasts between central city and suburban residents.That is, there has been much less“flight to the suburbs” by middle-income Canadians. As a result, the Canadian city shows greater socialstability, employment opportunities, and urbanamenit

22、ies than its United States counterpart. Inparticular, it does not have the riva lry from well-defined competitive “outer cities” of suburbia thatso spread and fragment United States metropolitancomplexes.12. What does the passage mainlydiscuss?Features that characterize thetypical North American cit

23、y?The development of suburbsin North America?Major differences betweenUnited States and Canadiancities?Population migration towardnewer cities13. What does the author mean byreferring to the truly North Americancity as more a myth than a reality?Commonly studied histories ofcities in North America d

24、istortreality.?Cities in Canada and theUnited States exhibit culturalsimilarities.?There is no city that can beconsidered representativeof all North American cities.?Eastern and western citiesdisplay greater differencesthan the differences betw eenCanadian and United Statescities.14. According to pa

25、ragraph 2, whichof the following statements aboutthe typical Canadian city is true?Canadian cities are spreadout over a large area.?Canadian cities vary littlein size.?People and functions inCanadian cities are centrallyconcentrated.?Canadian cities have tallerbuildings than other countries.15. The

26、phrase the rule in the passage is closest in meaning to?spacious?practical?w ell-built?usual16. It can be inferred from the passage that Canadian cities are marked by ?narrow streets?open spaces?an absence of skyscrapers? a coherent central are a17. The word apparent in the passage is closest in mea

27、ning to?unique?obvious?decreasing?dependent18. The word pronounced in thepassage is closest in meaning to ?strong?recent?divisive?growing19. It can be inferred from thepassage that, when comparedto their Canadian counterparts,middle-income people in theUnited States tend to?move away from city cente

28、rsmore frequently?represent a greater range ofincome?prefer living closer to urbanamenities?dominate the older easterncities20. The word it in the passage refers to?flight to the suburbs?Canadian city?social stability?United States counterpart21. The word fragment in the passage isclosest in meaning

29、 to?hold down?break up?characterize?distinguish22. Which of the following doesthe author mention as a similaritybetween Canadian and United Statescities?The size of the land area?The quality of masstransportation?The densi t y of buildings in c i t ycenters?The resistance to constructingnew roadways

30、The 1920's saw major developments inpopular music in the United States. Some of the most important were technological: the establishment ofcommercial radio stations and the development of the public-address system, the sound track for film, andthe electrical recording process used for producingp

31、honograph records. All used the microphone and the sound amplifier, with significant imp act on thenature of orchestration and popular vocal style, and consequently on the ideas of performers, arrangers,and even songwriters. All tended to broaden theaudience for popular music-in a sense to nationali

32、ze i t-but at the same time they tended to make it a more passive one, an audience of listeners rather thanparticipants. This process tended to heighten theimportance of professionalism and sophisticationamong both performers and arrangers; it alsotended to increase commercialism in the transmission

33、 (the “distribution” of popular music to its audience.Thus, the era of the American popular music industry was born-an inevitable result of the electronic age's “mass media” (though the term was not yet coined.New York City was the center of the popularmusic industry during the 1920's: it ha

34、d Broadwayand Schubert Alley, center of the American popularmusical theater, and it had Tin Pan Alley, center ofthe songwriting business and the still-powerful sheet music publishers. The recording studios and radio networks were also based in New York.In addition, recordings and radio opened upnew

35、possibilities for a striking new development.They made available kinds of popular music heard previously only in limited geographical areas or byspecific ethnic and social groups-especially theblues, gospel songs, and jazz of African Americans and the traditional music of the southern Appalachian Mo

36、untains and other rural areas of the southern and western United States. The latter music was not to affect the mainstream of American popular musicuntil much later, but the former influenced American popular music of the 1920's in many ways. In fact, novelist F. Scott Fitzgerald could even call

37、 the era “The Jazz Age”-which reflected the inroads ofAfrican American musical influence on the nationat large.23. What aspec t of music in the 1920's inthe United States does the passagemainly discuss?The growth of musical theater?The effect of technology onthe popular music industry?Technologi

38、cal advances insound recording for film?The influence of professionalsongwriters on popular music24. The word establishment in thepassage is closest in meaning to?necessi t y?formation?connection?enrichment25. Which of the following is NOTmentioned as a technologicaldevelopment of the 1920's?The

39、 public-address system?Film sound tracks?Magnetic recording tape?The electrical recording process26. According to the passage, what wasthe importance of the microphoneand the sound amplifier mentionedin paragraph 1 ?They caused major changes inthe creation and performanceof popular music.?They helpe

40、d the performanceof people who were notprofessionals.?They were used to preserve ahistorical record of older stylesof music and performance.?They helped performers meetaudience demand for loudermusic.27. The word consequently in thepassage is closest in meaning to?otherwise?in fact?therefore?althoug

41、h28. The word it in the p assage refersto the?audience?process?importance?commercialism29. The word heighten in the passage is closest in meaning to?consider?announce?increase?adjust30. Why does the passage mentionNew York City in paragraph 2 ?It was a major center for theinvention of new technology

42、.?It had a significant concentrationof performing, composing, andmusic business activity.?It had the broadest range ofaudiences of any city in theUnited States.?It was the source of a popularregional style of music.31. What is the new developmentthat the author discusses inparagraph 3 ? A blending o

43、f traditionalmusical styles occurred.?Popular music performersbegan to avoid usingelements of traditional music.?The center of the recordingindustry moved south.?Music styles formerly knownonly to a few people becameknown to many people.32. The word previously in the passage is closest in meaning to

44、?before?there?inexpensively?significantly33. The word era in the passage isclosest in meaning to?period?nation?movement?bookAbout ten percent of the world's deserts arecomposed of sand dunes, which are driven acrossthe desert by the wind. Sand grains march across the desert floor under the influ

45、ence of strong windsby a process known as saltation. The grains ofsand become airborne for a moment, and uponlanding they dislodge additional sand grains, whichrepeat the process. In this manner, sand dunesengulf everything in their path, including structuresmade by people, and pose a major problem

46、in theconstruction and maintenance of highways andrailroads that cross sandy areas of desert. Sand-dune migration near desert oases poses anotherserious problem, especially when encroaching onvillages. Methods to mitigate damage to structuresfrom sand dunes include building windbreaksand funneling s

47、and out of the way. Without suchmeasures, disruption of roads, airports, agriculturalsettlements, and towns could become a major problem in desert regions.The direction, strength, and variabilit y of the wind, the moisture content of the soil, the vegetation cover, the underlying topography, and the

48、 amount of movable soil exposed to the wind determine the size and form of sand dunes. Sand dunes generally have four basic shapes, determined by the topography of the land and patterns of wind flow. Linear dunes alignin roughly the direction of strong prevailing winds.Their length is substantially

49、greater than their width,and they lie parallel to each other, sometimes witha wavy pattern. Crescent dunes, also calledbarchans, are symmetrically shaped, with hornspointing downwind. They travel across the desertat speeds of up to 50 feet a year. Parabolic dunes form in areas wh ere sparse vegetati

50、on anchors theside arms while the center is blown outward, causing sand in the middle to move forward. Star dunes form by shifting winds that pile up sand into central pointsthat can rise 1,500 feet and more, with several armsradiating outward, looking much like giant pinwheels.34. What aspect of sa

51、nd dunes doesthe passage mainly discuss?Their location?Their destructiveness?Their formation?Their disappearance 35. The word driven in the passage is closest in meaning to?pushed?smoothed?controlled?strengthened36. The word they in the passagerefers to?deserts?strong winds?sand grains?structures37.

52、 According to the passage, in what way do sand dunes interfere with transportation?They cause travelers to get lost.?They make it difficult to build and repair roadways.?They increase the likelihood of accidents.?They block the most directroutes.38. The word pose in the passage isclosest in meaning

53、to?solves?positions?presents?interprets39. One purpose of the windbreaksmentioned in the passage is to ?protect buildings?remove sand dunes?encourage the process ofsaltation?utilize the power of the wind 40. The word variability in the passage is closest in meaning to?ability to cause damage?tendenc

54、y to change?forward movement?speed41. The word substantially in thepassage is closest in meaning to ?actually?specifically?frequently?significantly42. Which of the following is probablymost influential in determining theshape of parabolic dunes?Moisture?Vegetation?Wind speed?Soil composition43. It c

55、an be inferred that pinwheelsresemble which of the followingshapes? ? ?44. Look at the terms saltation,migration, oases, and topographyin the passage. Which of theseterms is defined in the passage?Saltation?Migration?Oases?TopographyBecause many predators kill only when their preyis moving, an anima

56、l that pretends to be dead maysucceed in causing a predator to lose interest andmove along in search of more lively prey. Hognosesnakes have a complex repertoire of antipredatormechanisms, of which feigning death is one option. These fairly large nonvenomous or slightly venomous snakes occur in sand

57、y habitats in the eastern UnitedStates. When first disturbed, the hognose opts forbluffing the predator -it flattens and expands the front third of its body and head, forming a hood, causingit to look larger. It then curls into an exaggerateds-shaped coil and hisses, occasionally makingfalse strikes at its