§2 AC-DC Converte-2009-9分享资料

1、Energy Systems11-Mar-22 Delta Energy Systems1 2022/3/11 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &Automation of Fuzhou University 2 AC/ DC RectifierDr. Mao xingkui2022/3/112022/3/11College of Electrical&Automation Engineering, Fuzhou UniversityEnergy Systems11-Mar-22 Delta Energy Systems2 2022/

2、3/11 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &Automation of Fuzhou University单相半波可控单相半波可控a. 纯阻性负载纯阻性负载b. 纯感性负载纯感性负载c. 阻感负载阻感负载Energy Systems11-Mar-22 Delta Energy Systems3 2022/3/11 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &Automation of Fuzhou University改进单相半波可控改进单相半波可控Energy Systems11-Mar-22 De

3、lta Energy Systems4 2022/3/11 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &Automation of Fuzhou University单相桥式全控单相桥式全控a. 纯阻性负载纯阻性负载b. 阻感性负载，阻感性负载，且且=L/R=L/RT T ZEnergy Systems11-Mar-22 Delta Energy Systems5 2022/3/11 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &Automation of Fuzhou Universityc. 反电动势反电动势

4、+阻感性阻感性负载负载(=L/R=L/RT T)b)idOEudtIdOtb)idOEudtIdOtdOEudtIdOtEnergy Systems11-Mar-22 Delta Energy Systems6 2022/3/11 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &Automation of Fuzhou UniversityEnergy Systems11-Mar-22 Delta Energy Systems7 2022/3/11 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &Automation

5、of Fuzhou University单相全波可控整流电路单相全波可控整流电路单相桥式半控整流电路单相桥式半控整流电路Energy Systems11-Mar-22 Delta Energy Systems8 2022/3/11 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &Automation of Fuzhou University主要内容主要内容2.2 三相三相 SCR 可控硅可控硅Rectifier2.3 变压器漏感对变压器漏感对RectifierRectifier的影响的影响2.4 电容滤波不控电容滤波不控RectifierRectifier

6、2.5 RectifierRectifier的的Harmonics Harmonics 和和PFPF2.6 RectifierRectifier的有源逆变状态的有源逆变状态Energy Systems11-Mar-22 Delta Energy Systems9 2022/3/11 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &Automation of Fuzhou University一一. 三相半波三相半波2.2 三相三相 SCR 可控硅可控硅Rectifier应用：负载容量较大，输出电压纹波小应用：负载容量较大，输出电压纹波小 1.电路原理图电路

7、原理图a. 一次侧三角形一次侧三角形,二次侧星形二次侧星形 b. 晶闸管共阴极接法晶闸管共阴极接法 c. 电压最高的相导通，输出脉动电压最高的相导通，输出脉动3次（脉波数），周次（脉波数），周 期期2/3 Energy Systems11-Mar-22 Delta Energy Systems10 2022/3/11 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &Automation of Fuzhou University. Z=R Z=R 自然换相点自然换相点: :各相晶闸管能触发导通的最早时刻各相晶闸管能触发导通的最早时刻, , a=0 a=0 ,

8、 ,电角度为电角度为3030 。数量关系：数量关系：Energy Systems11-Mar-22 Delta Energy Systems11 2022/3/11 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &Automation of Fuzhou UniversityEnergy Systems11-Mar-22 Delta Energy Systems12 2022/3/11 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &Automation of Fuzhou University. Z=R+jL,Z=R

9、+jL,且且=L/R=L/RT T a a3030o o: :与纯阻性负载相同与纯阻性负载相同 a30a30o o：不同于纯阻性负载：不同于纯阻性负载导通角都相同：导通角都相同：=2/3=2/3Energy Systems11-Mar-22 Delta Energy Systems13 2022/3/11 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &Automation of Fuzhou University二二. 三相全桥三相全桥1.电路原理图电路原理图a. 一次侧三角形一次侧三角形b. 晶闸管共阴极、晶闸管共阴极、 共阳极接法共阳极接法 c. 工

10、作时序工作时序/导通相导通相共阴极：共阴极：电压最高相；电压最高相；共阳极：共阳极：电压最低的相，即电压最低的相，即 对线电压进行整流，一个周期输出脉动对线电压进行整流，一个周期输出脉动6次，次， 即输出电压周期为即输出电压周期为2/6Energy Systems11-Mar-22 Delta Energy Systems14 2022/3/11 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &Automation of Fuzhou UniversityEnergy Systems11-Mar-22 Delta Energy Systems15 2022

11、/3/11 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &Automation of Fuzhou University. Z=R Z=R -300数量关系：数量关系：Energy Systems11-Mar-22 Delta Energy Systems16 2022/3/11 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &Automation of Fuzhou Universitya=0a=00 0a=60a=600 0a=90a=900 0Energy Systems11-Mar-22 Delta Ener

12、gy Systems17 2022/3/11 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &Automation of Fuzhou University. Z=R+jL,Z=R+jL,且且=L/R=L/RT T a a6060o o: :与纯阻性负载相同与纯阻性负载相同 a60a60o o：不同于纯阻性负载：不同于纯阻性负载导通角都相同：导通角都相同：=/3=/3ReturnReturnEnergy Systems11-Mar-22 Delta Energy Systems18 2022/3/11 Dr. Mao Department of Elect

13、rical Eng. &Automation of Fuzhou University2.3 变压器漏感对变压器漏感对RectifierRectifier的影响的影响ReturnReturniKEnergy Systems11-Mar-22 Delta Energy Systems19 2022/3/11 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &Automation of Fuzhou University 2022/3/11 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &Automation of

14、Fuzhou University2.4 2.4 电容滤波不控电容滤波不控RectifierRectifier一一. 单相单相1.电路原理图电路原理图2工作原理及波形图工作原理及波形图U Ud d=1.2U=1.2U2 2，当，当=RC =RC （3-53-5）T/2 T/2 ；最小；最小U Ud d=0.9U=0.9U2 2由由、R R、C C决定决定 Energy Systems11-Mar-22 Delta Energy Systems20 2022/3/11 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &Automation of Fuzhou

15、University2.5 RectifierRectifier的的Harmonics Harmonics 和和PFPF一谐波与无功危害一谐波与无功危害1 1谐波谐波(harmonics)(harmonics) 2. 2. 无功无功(reactive power)(reactive power) 二二H H与与R R分析基础分析基础1 1HarmonicsHarmonicsHRHRi i=In/I=In/I1 1* *100%100%，InIn，I I1 1：RMSRMS THD=ITHD=Ih h/I/I1 1* *100%100%，I Ih h：总谐波电流：总谐波电流RMSRMSEnerg

16、y Systems11-Mar-22 Delta Energy Systems21 2022/3/11 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &Automation of Fuzhou University2 2Power Factor Power Factor 正弦电路正弦电路 Active power P =UIcos=P/S=I1/Icos=cosApparent power S= UIReactive power Q=UIsin 非正弦电路非正弦电路 Active power P=UI1cos Apparent power S= UIEne

17、rgy Systems11-Mar-22 Delta Energy Systems22 2022/3/11 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &Automation of Fuzhou University三三阻感负载阻感负载可控整流可控整流 1 1单相桥式全控单相桥式全控=cos=0.9cos=cos=0.9cos 2 2三相桥式全控三相桥式全控谐波：奇次谐波谐波：奇次谐波=cos=0.955cos=cos=0.955cos 谐波：谐波：6k6k1(k1(k为正整数为正整数) )四电容滤波不控四电容滤波不控1 1单相桥式全控：单相桥式全控：奇

18、次谐波奇次谐波2 2三相桥式全控：三相桥式全控：6k6k1(k1(k为正整数为正整数) )谐波谐波五整流输出电压、电流谐波五整流输出电压、电流谐波：mkmk次（次（m:m:脉波数）脉波数） ReturnReturnEnergy Systems11-Mar-22 Delta Energy Systems232.6 2.6 大功率可控整流电路大功率可控整流电路- -带平衡带平衡电抗器的双反星形可控整流电路电抗器的双反星形可控整流电路Energy Systems11-Mar-22 Delta Energy Systems240a)b)c)d)ia1Id180360ia2iab2iAIdiab2ttt

19、t000Id2333Id33IdId323(1+ )Id323(1+)Id33Id132.6 2.6 大功率可控整流电路大功率可控整流电路- -多重化多重化- -移相控制移相控制Energy Systems11-Mar-22 Delta Energy Systems252.6 2.6 大功率可控整流电路大功率可控整流电路- -多重化多重化- -顺序控制顺序控制db)c)iId2 IduOp+Energy Systems11-Mar-22 Delta Energy Systems26 2022/3/11 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &Aut

20、omation of Fuzhou University2.7 RectifierRectifier的有源逆变状态的有源逆变状态一一. 逆变逆变 1. 逆变逆变直流电转换为交流电。直流电转换为交流电。有源逆变：交流侧与电网连接；反之为无源有源逆变：交流侧与电网连接；反之为无源逆变逆变。2. 逆变条件逆变条件 . 90. 900 0 ，输出电压为负值；，输出电压为负值；. . 负载中要有反电动势。负载中要有反电动势。Energy Systems11-Mar-22 Delta Energy Systems27 2022/3/11 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical E

21、ng. &Automation of Fuzhou University 直流发电机电动机之间电能的流转a）两电动势同极性EG EM b）两电动势同极性EM EG c）两电动势反极性，形成短路Energy Systems11-Mar-22 Delta Energy Systems28 2022/3/11 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &Automation of Fuzhou University3. 逆变角逆变角 逆变角逆变角=-，以自然换相点为起始点，以自然换相点为起始点， 向右计算；向右计算；以以=0,=0,即即=为起始点为起始点，为起始点为起始点， 向左计算。向左