中考初中语法——不定代词用法一览表

1、中考初中语法一一不定代词用法一览表例词含义作用例句both后接复数名词表不两个人或事物主语Bothareteachers.两个都是教师。宾语Theteacherwantedbothofustog造师要我们两个人者B去。定语Bothquestionsareeasy®个问题都很容易。同位语Theybothdiditwell.他们两个人者B干得不错。注：1.both与定冠词、指示代词、物主代词连用时，应放在这些词的前圜。2.both在否定句中用作主语时，表示部分否定。如：Bothofyouwon'tgo.你们两个/、需要都走。neither后接单数名词（与both反义）表不两个人或

2、事物都不主语Neitherismine.两个都不是我的。宾语Iwantneitherofthebooks那两本书我都不要。定语Neithersentenceiscorrects个句子者B/、对。注：Neither在句子中作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Neither在句子中作主语时表示全部否定。如：NeitherofyouisJapanes昭们两个都不是日本人。Youcan'teateitherofthem=Youcaneatneitherofthem.either后接单数名词两个人或物中任一个主语Eitherwillbeallright.两个中哪一个都行。宾语Helookedatthe

3、twopens,butdidn'tbuyeither(=boughtneither)他看了两支笔，但一支也没后英。定语Youmaytakeeitherbook(=takeoneofthetwobooks).=Youcan'ttakebothofthetwobooks.两本书你可以任1本。all最少表不三个以上（肯定）主语Allofthemareworkers.他们都是工人。宾语Theteacheraskedusallaboutthematter.老师问了我们所有的事。表语That'sallfortoday.今天就到这。定语Allmenaremortal.人总是要夕匕日勺

4、。状语Hewasallcoveredwithmud他浑身是泥。同位语Theyallcamehere他们者B至U了。注：1.all与定冠词、指示代词、物主代词连用时要放在它们的前面。如：Doyouseeallthebirdsinthetree你看到树上所有的鸟吗？2. all用作状语时，应放在实义动词之前，助动词之后。如：Thebookswereallsoldout所有的书都卖完J。3. not与all连用时表示部分否定。none（与all反义，与noone,notany同义）最少表不三个（否定）主语Noneofthemhavecomebackye他们一个都还没有回来。宾语Shechosenon

5、ebutthebest.只挑了最好的东西。表语It'snoneofyourbusiness&你的事。同位语Wenoneofussendanythingtoourteacher.我们谁也没有给老师送东西。none用在表示最少二个以上的否止。None指不可数名词时，其谓语用单数;指可数名词时，谓语动t可可用单数也可用复数。一般来说，从整体上来看，应用复数。例如：Noneofthemoneyismine.这些钱都不是我的。Noneoftheanswersis(are)correct.这些答SOIMW。manymuchmany+可数名词，much+不可数名词主语Didmanyoppos

6、eit?有许多人反对它吗？Thereismuchmilkinmycup.Andthereisnotmuchinyours.我的杯里有许多奶，而你的杯里没有多少了。宾语Ihaveasmanyasmysisterhas蛇口妹妹WW的样多。Eatasmuchasyoulike.你尽里地吃吧。定语Wehavemanyfriends.我们有许多朋友。Thereismuchwate门eft.还乘U下许多水。someanysome用于目Ah句，any用于否定句，疑问句和条件句中。主语Someofuswerelateforschool.我们中肩些人上学迟到了。宾语Iwanttoeatsomeofthecake

7、s.我想吃些蛋糕。定语Ihavesomequestionstoask.我有些问题要问。Doyouhaveanyquestionstoask?你还有问题要问吗？注：some有时可以用于表小请求的妣问句中，例如：W川youpleasegivemesometea?给我来些茶好吗？fewafew修饰可数名词。主语FewofusstudyEnglish.我们中很少有人学习英OAfewofthegirlsaretall.女孩中启几个个子局。afew表不目Ah,few表示否定。宾语Wehavefewofbooks.我们几乎没有书。定语Heisamanoffewwords.他是个沉默寡百的人。littleal

8、ittle修饰/、可数名词。alittle表不目Ah,little表不否定。主语Thereislittleleft.所剩无几。宾语Hehasdonelittleforus.他很少为我们做事。定语Ihavealittlemoneywithme.我身上点钱。eacheveryone（each指两个以上，every指三个以上）Each强调个性，every强调共性，one表示某个主语Eachhashisownwork.每个人都有自己的工作。Onemustdoone'sduty.人尽其量。宾语Wemusthelpeachofthestudents.我们必须帮助每位同学。定语Everyoneofu

9、smuststudyhard.我们中每位都必须努力学习。同位语Theyeachhadbeautifulcars.他们每人都有一辆漂凫的小车。注：1.one的所有格为one's反身代词是oneself;复数形式是one"One前面可用形容词或指示代词修饰，例如：theredone,thisone但不能用形容词性物主代词修饰。例如：myone,hisone的表达是错误的。2.every的后面不能接of短语，而everyone,eacht面则可以接of短语。other表不“两主语Ihavetworubbers.Oneiswhite,theotherisred.我后两块橡皮，一块是白

10、色的，一块是红色的。个”之中的宾语Showmeanother.把另一个给我看。otheranother另一个；another表小三个以上或不明数量中的另一个。定语Theotherstudentsareplayingfootball.另外一些同学在踢足球。Wouldyoulikeanotherglassofwater?你还要杯水吗？eachother表不之间宾语Wemustlearnfromeachotherandhelpeachother.我们必须互相学习，互相帮助。的“互相”定语Weshouldpointouteachother'sshortcoming.我们必须互相指出缺点。one

11、another表不最少三以上的“互相”宾语Theytalkedwithoneanother.他们互相交谈。TheyhelpedoneanotherwithEnglish.他们在英语上互相帮助。注:other相当于名词时，其复数形式为others其所属格形式为others和others'。eachother的所属格为eachother'soneanother的所属格为oneanother's一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷1 .阅读理解Mark,ayoungperson,tellsmehewantstobeawriter.Ialwaysencouragesuchpeople,

12、butIalsoexplainthatthere'sabigdifferencebetween"beingawriter"andwriting.Inmostcasesthesepeoplearedreamingofwealthandfame,notthelonghoursaloneatatypewriter（打字机）."You'vegottowanttowrite,"saytothem,"notwanttobeawriter."Therealityisthatwritingisalonely,privateandpoo

13、r-payingaffair.Foreverywriterkissedbyfortunetherearethousandsmorewhoselongingisneverrewarded（报答）.WhenIlefta20-yearjobintheUSCoastGuardtobecomeawriter,Ihadnohopesatall.WhatIdidhavewasafriendwhofoundmemyroominaNewYorkapartmentbuilding.Itdidn'tevenmatterthatitwascoldandhadnobathroom.Iimmediatelybou

14、ghtausedtypewriterandfeltlikearealwriter.Afterayearorso,however,Istillhadn'tgotabreakandbegantodoubt（MWE）myself.Itwassohardtosellastorythatbarelymadeenoughtoeat.ButIknewIwantedtowrite.Ihaddreamedaboutitforyears.Iwasn'tgoingtobeoneofthosepeoplewhodiewonderin"whatif".Iwouldkeepputtin

15、gmydreamtothetest-eventhoughitmeantlivingwithuncertainty（不确定）andfearoffailure.Thisistheshadowlandofhope,andanyonewithadreammustlearntolivethere.（1） Accordingtotheauthor'sidea,writingis.A.enjoyableB.interestingC.lonelyD.boring(2) Whentheauthorlefthis20-yearjob,he.A.feltsadB.losthisheartC.feltunfo

16、rgettableD.foundhimself(3) WhentheauthorwenttotheNewYorkapartmentbuilding,.A.therewasalmostnothingthereB.therewaseverythingthereC.theauthorwaspleasedwithitD.theauthorwassohappy(4) Whatdoestheunderlinedword"shadowland"probablymeaninChinese?A.点点希望B.夺目强光C.人生低谷D.虚幻境界(5) 5)What'sthemainidea

17、ofthepassage?A. Tellustostudyhard.B. Letusdreamofsucceeding.C. Letusdosomethingthatwecan'taccept.D. Holdontoyourdreamevenifyoumeetdifficulties.【答案】(1)C(2) B(3) A(4) D(5) D【解析】【分析】做为一个成名的作家，作者在本文中讲述了自己成功路上的艰辛，告诫那些想成为作家的年轻人：写作是一项孤单寂寞而又收入微薄的工作，在数千名渴望成功的作家中，能获得命运垂青只是寥寥数人而已。细节理解。根据第二段Therealityisthat

18、writingisalonely,privateandpoor-payingaffair可知，作者认为写作是一项孤独白任务，故答案为Co细节理解。根据WhenIlefta20-yearjobintheUSCoastGuardtobecomeawriter,Ihadnohopesatall可知，作者离开做了20年的工作后感到很灰心，故答案为Bo细节理解。将题干中的NewYorkapartmentbuilding定位在第三段，根据后一句Itdidn'tevenmatterthatitwascoldandhadnobathroom可知房子很冷，没有洗澡间，打字机也是作者去了之后买的，故答案为

19、Ao词义猜测。句意：我会把梦想投入到这个检验上即使意味着带着不确定和失败的恐惧生活。这是希望的；任何有梦想的人必须要学会在那儿生活。所以可以断定shadowland意思是虚幻境界”，故答案为Do主旨大意。本文通过作者自己的亲身感受，谈论写作的艰辛。虽然困难重重，但是作者仍然怀抱梦想，坚持向前。故答案为Do【点评】本文属于夹叙夹议的文章，答题前通读短文，弄清本文的主旨和作者的写作意图，然后根据题干中的关键词在文章的定位去分析相关语句，最后锁定答案。2. （2017宜宾）阅读理解BAnoldmanwenttolivewithhisson,hisdaughter-in-law,andafour-ye

20、ar-oldgrandson.Theoldman'shandstrembled,hiseyesightwasverypoor,andhecouldn'twalksteadily（平稳地）.Thefamilyatetogethernightlyatthedinnertable.Buttheelderlygrandfather'sshakyhandsandfailingsightmadeeatingratherdifficult.Riceoftendroppedonthefloor.Thesonandthedaughter-in-lawbecameangrywiththeo

21、ldman,sotheyputasmalltableinthecorner.There,thegrandfatheratealone,whiletherestofthefamilyenjoyeddinneratthetable.Sincethegrandfatherhadbrokenadishortwo,hisfoodwasservedinawoodenbowl.Thefour-year-oldsonwatcheditallinsilence.Oneeveningbeforesupper,thefathernoticedhissonplayingwithapieceofwoodontheflo

22、or.Heaskedthechildsweetly,"Whatareyoumaking?"Theboyanswered,"Oh,IammakingalittlebowlforyouandmamatoeatyourfoodfromwhenIgrowup."Thefour-year-oldsonsmiledandwentbacktowork.Thewordsstrucktheparentssothattheywereinsilence.Thentearsstartedtostreamdowntheircheeks（月会颊）.Thoughnowordwassp

23、oken,bothknewwhatmustbedone.Thateveningthehusbandtookgrandfather'shandandgentlyledhimbacktothefamilytable.（1） Whywastheoldman'sfoodservedinawoodenbowl?A.BecausethewoodenbowlwaslightenoughB.BecausetheoldmanhadbrokenafewbowlsC.BecausetherewasonlyawoodenbowlleftD.Becausethesonandthedaughter-in-

24、lawbecameangrywiththeoldman（2） Theword"struck"inParagraph3refersto.A.annoyedB.worriedC.scaredD.shocked(3) Whydidthehusbandleadtheoldmanbacktothefamilytable?A. BecauseherealizedhismistakesB. Becausetheoldmandidn'tdropriceontheflooranymoreC. BecausetheoldmanwasservedmawoodenbowlD. Becaus

25、eagentlemanledhimbacktothefamilytable(4) What'sthebesttitleofthepassage?A.AnoldmanandhissonB.AcoupleandtheirsonC.AwoodenbowlD.Adinnertable【答案】(1)B(2) D(3) A(4) C【解析】【分析】本文讲述了一个老人与他的儿子和儿媳以及四岁的孙子一起生活，这个老人身体状况很不好，吃饭时总是将饭掉在地上，儿子和儿媳很生气，就在角落放了一个小桌子让他一个人吃饭，老人吃饭时打碎了一两个碗，于是他们用木碗为他盛饭，老人就用木碗孤单的吃饭.这一切都被孙子看在

26、眼里，一天儿子看见孙子在摆弄一些木块，就问他在干嘛，孙子回答说他在为爸爸和妈妈做木碗，长大后就给他们用木碗.这对夫妇听到这话后双眼湿润了，从此之后又让老人回到餐桌与他们一起吃饭.(1) 细节理解.由Sincethegrandfatherhadbrokenadishortwo,hisfoodwasservedinawoodenbowl可知给老人用木碗的原因是他打碎了一些碗，选B.词义猜测.由sothattheywereinsilence.Thentearsstartedtostreamdowntheircheeks(脍颊).Thoughnowordwasspoken,bothknewwhatmu

27、stbedone.Thateveningthehusbandtookgrandfather'shandandgentlyledhimbacktothefamilytable可知听了儿子的话后，他们沉默了并做出了行动，又让老人回到了餐桌，说明儿子说的话让他们很震惊，用shocked(感到震惊的)表示同样的意思.A表示生气；B表示担心；C表示害怕.故选D。细节理解.由Thewordsstrucktheparentssothattheywereinsilence.Thentearsstartedtostreamdowntheircheeks可知儿子的话使他震惊了，并且流下了悔恨的泪水，由此可

28、推测他意识到了自己的错误，把老人请回了餐桌，选A。(4)归纳概括.由hisfoodwasservedinawoodenbowl和儿子的行为与话语thefathernoticedhissonplayingwithapieceofwoodonthefloor.Heaskedthechildsweetly,"Whatareyoumaking?"Theboyanswered,"Oh,IammakingalittlebowlforyouandmamatoeatyourfoodfromwhenIgrowup.可知此文的主线是木碗，由它来作标题最佳，选Co【点评】考查对篇章的把

29、握和对细节的识别能力，答题时注意紧扣问题中的关键词，在文章中寻找答案。3.阅读理解Mr.andMrs.Smithhavetwochildren,KevinandJenny.Thewholefamilyareallbusy,sotheyoftenleavenotestoeachother.Herearethesefournotesoftoday.3:30pmToKevin,Mr.Kingrang,tellingthereisnofootballpracticetoday,andheaskedyoutogetreadyforthefootballmatchtomorrow.Jenny4:00pmT

30、oJenny,It'syourturntowalkourpetdogTeddyandplaywithhimafterschool.Kevin6:45pmToall,Hasanyonefoundmytennisshoes?I'mdoingmyhomeworkinmybedroom.Kevin9:00pmToKevin,Isawyourshoesthismorning.TheysmeltterriblesoIputthemoutsidethebackdoor.Goodnight,dear!Mum(1)wasaskedtowalkthepetdogafterschool.A.MumB

31、.KevinC.Jenny(2) Kevinwasdoinghishomeworkinthe.A.bedroomB.garden(3)KevincouldfindhistennisshoesC.livingroomat6:45pm.A.underthedeskB. outsidethebackdoorC. inthebag(4) WhatwillKevinprobablydotomorrow?A.PlaywithTeddy.B.Playtennis.C.Playinafootballmatch.(5) Whatcanwelearnfromthenotes?A. Teddydoesn't

32、liketostayathome.B. Mr.Kingmaybeacoach.C. MumwashedKevin'sshoes.【答案】(1)C(2) A(3) B(4) C(5) B【解析】【分析】短文大意：本文讲述了斯密斯夫妇有两个儿女。一个是凯文，另一个是珍妮。由于比较忙，所以他们彼此留言。本材料就他们之间的留言。(1)细节理解题。根据ToJenny,It'syourturntowalkourpetdogTeddyandplaywithhimafterschool,珍妮，轮到你今天放学后遛咱们的宠物狗泰迪。故选Co(2)细节理解题，根据6:45pm,Toall,Hasan

33、yonefoundmytennisshoes?I'mdoingmyhomeworkinmybedroom,Kevin,可知，时间6:45,有谁见到我的网球鞋，我在卧室做作业。故答案选A。(3) 细节理解题。根据Isawyourshoesthismorning.TheysmeltterriblesoIputthemoutsidethebackdoor.Goodnight,dear!Mum.可知，我在今天早上看到你的鞋，太难闻了，于是我就把它们后门的外面。可知可以在后门外找到球鞋。故选Bo(4)细节理解题。根据ToKevin,Mr,Kingrang,tellingthereisnofoot

34、ballpracticetoday,andheaskedyoutogetreadyforthefootballmatchtomorrow,致凯文，王先生打电话，说今天不进行足球训练，他让你准备一下明天的足球比赛，可知明天凯文要参加足球比赛。故选Co(5)细节推断题。根据ToKevin,Mr,Kingrang,tellingthereisnofootballpracticetoday,andheaskedyoutogetreadyforthefootballmatchtomorrow,致凯文，王先生打电话，说今天不进行足球训练，他让你准备一下明天的足球比赛。可知王先生可能是一位足球教练。故选Bo

35、【点评】此题考查阅读理解。先分析问题，然后带着问题仔细阅读图表中的内容，从细节中找出问题的信息确定正确答案。4.阅读材料，然后从各小题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。Tony,anine-year-oldkid,issittingathisdeskwhensuddenlyhewets(尿湿)hispants.Hethinkshisheartisgoingtostopbecausehecan'tpossiblyknowhowthishashappened.Ithasneverhappenedbefore.Heknowstheafter-effect(后果)Whentheboysfindou

36、t,hewillneverheartheendofit.Whenthegirlsfindout,they'llneverspeaktohimagainaslongashelives.Tonyputshisheaddownandsaytohimself,"Oh,no.WhatcanIdo?Ineedhelpnow!"Helooksupandnoticestheteachercoming,withalookinhereyesthatsayshehasbeendiscovered.Astheteacheriswalkingtohim,aclassmatenamedEmil

37、yiscarryingaglassthatisfullofwater.EmilyfallsdowninfrontoftheteacheranddropstheglassofwaterinTony'spants.Tonyseemstobeangry,butallthewhileheissayingtohimself,"Thankyou,dear!Thankyou,dear!"Nowallofasudden,insteadofbeingthepersonthateveryonelaughsat,Tonyisthepersonofsympathy(同情).Theperso

38、nthateveryonelaughsatshouldbehim,butnowitisEmily.Shetriestohelp,buttheytellher,"You'vedoneenough,youstupid!"Attheendoftheday,astheywerewaitingforthebus,TonywalksovertoEmilyandsaysinalowvoice,"Youdidthatonpurpose,didn'tyou?"Emilysaysbackinaquietvoice,"Iwetmypants,too.

39、"(1) WhatdoesTonythinktheotherboyswilldoiftheyfindoutthefact?A.They'llalllaughathim.B.They'lltelltheteacheraboutit.C.They'lltrytohelphim.D.They'llneverspeaktohimagain.(2) Whichisrightaccordingtothepassage?A.Emilydropsthewateronpurpose.B.TonyisreallyangrywithEmily.C.TonyandEmilyd

40、on'tgohomebybus.D.TonyandEmilyaren'tclassmates.(3) WeknowthatEmilyisagirlfromthepassage?A.carelessandlazyB.quietandbrightC.stupidandhelplessD.kindandsmart.【答案】(1)A(2) A(3) D【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。一个叫Tony的小男孩不小心尿湿裤子后生怕被人发现，正在他陷入痛苦需要得到帮助时，正好同班同学Emily拿着一杯水走来，故意把水撒在Tony身上，使Tony免于被同学们嘲笑，从而化解了危机。(1

41、)细节理解题。根据第一段第五句"Whentheboysfindout,hewillneverheartheendofit",以及第五段第一句"Nowallofasudden,insteadofbeingthepersonthateveryonelaughsat,"可知这些男孩们会嘲笑他。故选A。(2)根据文章倒数第二段"Youdidthatonpurpose,didn'tyou?"和最后一段的"Iwetmypantsonce,too.",可知Emily是故意撒的水。可知选项A,符合文字内容，故选A;根据第四

42、段最后句Tonyseemstobeangry,butallthewhileheissayingtohimself,"Thankyou,dear!Thankyou,dear!"托尼似乎很生气，但他一直在自言自语：谢谢你，亲爱的！谢谢你，亲爱的！”可知Tony不是正的生气。选项B不符合文章内容，故排除B;根据倒数第二段第一句Attheendoftheday,astheywerewaitingforthebus,可知他们他们在等公共汽车，推知他们是乘坐公共汽车回家，选项C不符合文章内容，故排除C;根据第四段第二句Emilyfallsdowninfrontoftheteachera

43、nddropstheglassofwaterinTony'spants.可以推知他们是同班同学。选项D不符合文章内容，故排除Do综上所述，故选Ao(3)推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句"Tonyseemstobeangry,butallthewhileheissayingtohimself,"Thankyou,dear!Thankyou,dear!",可知是Emily急中生智才化解了Tony的尴尬处境，由此看出Emily是个善良又聪明的孩子，故选Do【点评】考查阅读理解。要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项

44、选出正确答案.推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。5.根据短文内容选择正确答案。强桂哥岛就覆俭ShuPulonghashelpedatleast1000peoplebittenbysnakes.Itwasseeingpeoplewithsrthatledmetothiscareer,“hesaid.In1963,afterhisarmyservice,ShuenteredamedicalschoolandlaterbecameadoctorofChinesemedicine.Aspartofhisstudieshehadtoworkinthemountains.Thereheoftenheardofpeoplewhohadtheirarmsandlegscutoffafterasnakebiteinordertosavetheirlives.IwagreatlyupsetwhentheytoldmethestoryofanoldfarmerImet.Itwasaveryhotafternoon.Theoldmanwaspullinggrassinhisfieldswh