Revolution燃料电池汽车车身部分外文文献翻译、中英文翻译、外文翻译

1、RevolutionFuel-CellVehicle(bodypart)1. Introduction1.1 RevolutionFuel-CellVehicleprofileInrecentyears,therapiddevelopmentandcommercializationoffuel-cellvehiclepropulsionsweptthewholeword,anditsenergyefficientandzeroemissionornear-zeroemissions,goodenvironmentalperformance,makingthedevelopmentofhotsp

2、otsoftoday'swordenergyandtransportsectors.Withrheactiveparticipationofmajorinternationalcarmanufacturersandoilgiant,fromthecapitaltotechnology,hasinvestedheavily,fuelcellvehicleshavebeenoutofthelab,begancommercialjourney.Manyexpertsareoptimisticthatfuel-cellvehicleswillleadtoarevolutionintheauto

3、motiveindustry,andeventuallyreplacethetraditionaldiesellocomotiveintothemainstream.TheRevolutionfuel-cellconceptvehicle(Figure1.1)wasdevelopedinternallybyHypercartodemonstratethetechnicalfeasibilityandsocietal,consumer,andcompetitivebenefitsofholisticvehicledesignfocusedonefficiencyandlightweighting

4、.Itwasdesignedtohavebreakthroughfueleconomyandemissions,meetU.S.andEuropeanMotorVehicleSafetyStandards,andmeetarigorousandcompletesetofproductrequirementsforasportyfive-passengerSUVcrossovervehiclemarketsegmentwithtechnologiesthatcouldbeinvolumeproductionatcompetitivecostwithinfiveyears(Figure1.2).F

5、igure1.1TheRevolutionfuel-cellconceptvehicleFigure1.2Photooffull-scalemodelofRevolutionandpackagelayoutdrawings1.2 RevolutionFuel-CellVehicleadvancedtechnologyTheRevolutioncombineslightweight,aerodynamic,andelectricallyandthermallyefficientdesignwithahybridizedfuel-cellpropulsionsystemtodeliveranunp

6、recedentedcombinationoffeatures:?SeatsfiveadultswithapackagesimilartotheLexusRX-300?1.95-m3cargospacewiththerearseatsfoldedflat?2.38L/100km(42km/L,99mpg)usingcompressed345-bargaseoushydrogenfuel?530-kmrangeon3.4kgofhydrogen?Zerotailpipeemissions?Accelerates0T00km/hin8.3seconds?Nodamageinimpactsupto1

7、0km/h?All-wheeldrivewithdigitaltractionandvehiclestabilitycontrol?Groundclearanceadjustablefrom1320cmthroughasemi-activesuspensionthatadaptstoload,speed,locationofthevehicleter'ofsgrevity,andterrain?Bodystiffnessandtorsionalrigidity50%higherthanpremiumsportssedans?Designedfora300,000+-kmservicel

8、ife?Modularelectronicsandsoftwarearchitectureandcustomizableuserinterface?PotentialforthestickerpricetobecompetitivewiththeLexusRX300,MercedesM320,andtheBMWX53.0,withsignificantlylowerlifecyclecost.Howisthisachieved?Throughcarefulwhole-systemdesignthatintegratesseveraladvancedtechnologiesatonceinsyn

9、ergisticways.AnoverviewofsomeofthetechnologiesintheRevolutioncanbefoundinFigure1.3andbackgroundinformationisavailablein1.4,2.1,2.2,2.3.AnatomyofHypercar,Inc/sRevolutionconceptvehiclewH由MbflMFhitIr-cMtth-11/与hftxrkoct«M(MURbpMvIkb4#r用m"岛1时色6l-a事一比中fbrf-K-Fies£>angJtiiqM4w<lgAi

10、9;ir«llodli-aHi|riT<mwflhTUii右IFigure1.3TechnologieswithintheRevolution1.3 LightweightdesignEverysystemintheRevolutionissignificantlylighterthanconventionalsystems(Table1.4 andFigure1.4).Differenttechniqueswereusedforeachsystemtoachievesuchweightsavings.Thebodystructureachievednearly60%massr

11、eductionversussteelbyusingacombinationofcarbon-fibercomposites,aluminum,andunreinforcedthermoplastic.Carbon-fibercompositeswereusedinthepassengersafetycellandindedicatedcompositeenergyabsorbingmembers.Aluminumwasusedprimarilyinafront-endsub-frame,andFluids0.6%17.0%Figure1.4MasspiechartsFluids33.7%un

12、reinforcedcompositepanelsformthevehicle'sskin2F©urehealuminumsubframeandplasticskinaremadewithstandardproductiontechniquesandwillthusnotbediscussedindetailhere.的stemBenchmarkmass(kg)Revolutionmass(kg)Difference(%)Structure430186.5-57%PEDpufeion468288.3-38%Chassis306201.2-34%Electrical7233h4

13、-54%Trim513143.2-72%Fluids114.1-63%Total1,800856.6-52%Table1.1MasscomparisonofRevolutionwithaconventionalbenchmarkvehicleBenchmarkvehidemass1,800kgRevolutionmass857kg2. CompositeSafetyCellStructuralDesignTheoverarchingchallengetousinglightweightmaterialsiscost-effectiveness.Ascarbonfibercompositesco

14、stsignificantlymoreperkilogramandperunitstiffnessthansteel,costsavingsmustbefoundinthestructuraldesignandmanufacturingmethodsinordertomakecompositeseconomicallyfeasible.ThedesignstrategythatHypercaremployedwasfour-tiered:minimizingthetotalamountofmaterial(anditscorollary:ensuringmosteffectiveuseofth

15、ematerialused)throughconcentrated,highlyeffectiveusewheneverused;simplifyingassembly,tooling,partshandling,inventory,andprocessingcoststhroughdesign;integratingasmuchfunctionalityintothestructureaswaspractical;andemployinganovelmanufacturingsystemforthefabricationoftheindividualparts.Severalfeatures

16、ofthedesignthatsupportthisstrategyaredescribedbelow.2.1 Designfeatures2.1.1 PartconsolidationTheprimarystructureisillustratedinFigures2.1andFigures2.2.Itiscomposedoffourteenmajorpartsand62totalparts65%and77%fewerpartsthanintheequivalentportionofaconventionalstampedsteelBIW,respectively.Eachmajorpart

17、inthecompositesafetycellisjoinedusingapatent-pendingbladeandclevisfullybondedjoiningtechniquethatisstrong,robust,andself-fixturing.Together,thesmallnumberofpartsandthejointdesignsimplifyassembly,asjustafewpartsmustbeheldtogetheruntiltheadhesivebondsetsup,withouttheneedforcomplexfixtures.Figure2.1Com

18、positestructure,aluminum/compositefrontsub-frame,andexteriorpanels、cFrameScreenSurroundBFrametThi'.CiAltRingframe*S.RearFloor/BhdLowerBodysideWetigeBodysideFigure2.2Compositesafetycellexplodedview2.1.2 MaterialselectionThematerialsusedinthedesignofthepassengersafetycellarepredominantlyintermedia

19、temodulusPANbasedcarbonfiberandlow-viscositynylon12laurolactamthermoplastic.Toimproveprocessability,longdiscontinuousfiber(LDF)carbonisused.Comparedwithcontinuousfiber,LDFallowsgreaterformabilityofthepartwithoutcrimpingorbucklingbecausethepreformcanstretchduringprocessing.Yetthefibersarelongenoughto

20、maintainnear-continuous-fiberlevelsofstiffnessinthefinalpart.2.1.3 PartdesignEachpartisdesignedforlow-costfabricationandassembly.Allpartsexploitglobalcomplexityratherthanincludinglocalcomplexity.Forinstance,whilethecomponentshavecomplexsurfacegeometry,thecomponentsarerelativelyshallowwithfewsharpben

21、dsordeepdraws,minimizingtoolingcost,enhancingrepeatability,andeliminatingtheneedforlabor-intensivepre-andpost-processsteps.Eventhoughthegeometryofeachindividualpartisrelativelysimple,thepartscombinetoformacompletestructurewithallofthenecessarycomplexityandgeometry.2.2 StructuralanalysisBothstaticstr

22、ucturalanddynamiccrashanalyseswereperformedontheRevolution.Thestaticanalysesindicateabendingstiffnessof14,470N/mmandatorsionalstiffnessof38,490N?m/degbothfiguresgreaterthan50%stifferthanpremiumsportssedans.Intermsofcrashperformance,theRevolutionreliesonacombinationoftheenergyabsorbingpropertiesofalu

23、minumandthestrengthofcarboncompositestoachievelevelsofsafetycomparabletoandinmanycrashscenarios,exceeding-thoseofheaviervehicles.Forinstance,infront-endcollisions,computeranalysesindicatethattheRevolutionwouldsurpassU.S.FederalMotorVehicleSafetyStandards(FMVSS)fora48-km/hfixed-barriercollisionevenat

24、speedsupto56km/h.Additionally,thedamagefromafront-endcollisionupto56km/hwouldbecontainedwithinthealuminumfrontsub-framewithoutanydamagetothecarbon-fibersafetycell,facilitatingoccupantextricationafteracrashandsimplifyingrepair.Inahead-oncollisionwithavehicleuptotwiceitsmass,eachtravelingupto48km/h,th

25、eRevolutionisdesignedtomeetFMVSS48-km/hfixed-barrierhead-onstandards.Thus,theRevolution'scrashstructureswouldsuccessfualysorbtheextrakineticenergytransferredtoitduringahead-oncollisionduetoitslightnessrelativetoitscollisionpartnerwithoutcompromisingpassengersafety.Figure2.356-km/hfixedbarrierfro

26、nt-endcollisionresultsRevolution燃料电池汽车（车身部分）1绪论1.1 Revolution燃料电池汽车简介近年来，燃料电池汽车的迅猛发展和商业化的推进席卷了整个世界，具高效节能，以及零排放或接近零排放的良好环境性能，使之成为当今世界能源和交通领域开发的热点。随着国际各大汽车厂商和石油巨头的积极参与，从资金到技术的大力投入，燃料电池汽车已走出实验室，开始商业化旅程。很多专家更是乐观地认为，燃料电池汽车将引发汽车工业的革命，最终取代传统内燃机车成为主流。Revolution燃料电池汽车（图1.1）是由Hypercar内部研发的，用来证明着眼于效率和轻便的汽车整体设计

27、所带来的特点，即技术上的可行性和社会、消费等有竞争力的效益。它被设计出来在燃油经济性和尾气排放方面寻求突破，符合美国和欧洲机动车辆安全标准，同时也满足严谨的成套的产品要求，即容纳5个乘客的运动型的拥有在5年内能够以有竞争力的成本大量生产的汽车细分市场。（图1.2）图1.1Revolution燃料电池汽车图1.2Revolution实体模型和包装布局图1.2 Revolution燃料电池汽车的先进技术Revolution结合了集轻便，热空气动力，电力和化氢燃料电池推进系统于一体的有效设计来传递史无前例的组合式功能：?拥有与LexusRX-300相近包装的5个成人座位?1.95平方米拥有折叠式后座

28、的货仓?2.38L/100km(42km/L,99mpg)用压缩345-bar气态氢燃料?3.4公斤的氢的范围?汽车排气管零排放?8.3秒内加速0到100km/h?车身在10km/h内的冲击碰撞没有损坏?数码牵引力和车辆稳定性控制的四轮驱动?地面间隙通过半悬架系统可以从13cmM到20cm,以适应负重，速度和车辆的重心和地形的位置?车身强度和扭转刚度比优质的运动型轿车高50%?专为300000km使用寿命的设计?模块化的电子产品和软件体系结构和坎坷定制的用户界面?具有能够和雷克萨斯RX300,奔驰M320,宝马X53.0有竞争力价格的潜质，同时具有明显低的生命周期成本。这是怎样做到的呢？在协同

29、的方式下通过立即集成几个先进技术的精心的系统设计。Revolution中的一些技术概述可以在图1.3和图1.4,图2.1,图2.2,图2.3的可用背景资料中被找到。AnatomyofHypercar,Inc.5ResolutionconceptvehiclewfltimeYbHtSMii-djIr-cM!brrwf督序部彳皿事Wt«4rLi：rfTi-：ghf4grkDcwi*1ws-*1r*fZtJhsIKefcfI“DMr-fMqinepMvikb«dyEi-anqliqHlw.lgfijE-i至郎MiiMihpanruh4WcfS11-aHihriTcmwflhTiu

30、i力削cAfriUlrfv鹏肝0gp«*iMdi-tavt-：fiMhEJEBAFiCIvriEDriIdwll»Wrnd|tyiif."O201Hypercar.inc.吧图1.3Revolution中的技术1.3 设计轻巧Revolution的每个系统比传统的系统明显轻巧多了。为了降低车身重量，从而采用了不同的技术（表1.1和图1.4）。车身结构减少了近60%勺刚净重，因为采用了碳素纤维复合材料，铝和加强热塑性塑料的结合体。碳素纤维复合材料用于乘客安全室和专用复合材料能量吸收叶轮，铝主要用于前端框架和车辆皮肤的加强复合板（图2.1）0铝的副框架和塑料皮肤使用标

31、准生产技术，因此在这里就不详细讨论。RevolutionmassBenchmarks/ehidemass1.&00附857kgFluidsChassis23.5%Trim16.7%Eleclrical3.9%05%Structure21.8%Propulsion33,7%图1.4表1.1Revolution和常规基准车辆的大量比较SystemBenchmarkmass(kg)Revolutionmass(kg)DifferenceStructure4301X6.5-57%Propulsion4682X8.31-3XChassis306201.2-34%Electrical7233A-54%Trim513143.2-72%Fluids4J-63%Total1,800856.6-52%质量饼图2复合材料安全室结构设计使用轻质材料最大的挑战就是成本效益。由于碳素纤维复合材料每千克的成本和单位强度都比钢明显高的多，所以必从结构设计和制造方法中来降低成本从而使得复合材料经济可行。Hypercar提出的设计战主要略涵盖4层：材料总质量最小化，单位材料最大效益化（其推论即：确保使用到的材料产生最大效益）简化设计过程中的组装，工装，零件处理，库存，成本工艺各环节尽可能多的将实用性功能加入到汽车结构中引进个别零件制造的新型制造系统支持这项战略的设计的