【课件】Unit1DiscoveringUsefulStructures课件高中英语人教版必修第二册

1、Describe people or things in greater detailRestrictive relative clauses 1. There comes a time when the old must give way to the new, 2. After listening to the scientists who had studied the problem, and citizens who lived near the dam, the government turned to the United Nations for help in 1959.3.

2、, and then moved and put back together again in a place where they were safe from the water.4. Not only had the countries found a path to the future that did not run over the relics of the past, attributive clauses introduced by _ relative pronounsattributive clauses introduced by _ relative adverbs

3、Have aP6 1 We have learned attributive clauses introduced by relative pronouns and relative adverbs in the last book. Now, lets make a review.定语从句(3)限制性定语从句Restrictive relative clauses指代内容指代内容所做成分所做成分是否可省略是否可省略thatwhichwhowhomwhose关系代词的用法关系代词的用法人；物人；物物物人人人人( (人人/ /物物) )的的主语主语, ,宾语宾语主语主语, ,宾语宾语主语主语,

4、,宾语宾语宾语宾语定语定语作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省可省可省不可省不可省用法用法1. 先行词为先行词为all， everything，nothing，something，anything，little，much等不定代词等不定代词2. 先行词被先行词被序数词序数词或或最高级最高级修饰修饰3. 先行词先行词既有人又有物既有人又有物4. 先行词被先行词被all，every，no，some，any，little，much，the only，the very，the last，just，right等修饰等修饰5. 先行词是先行词是who或或which引导的主句中引导的

5、主句中先行词是先行词是one，ones，anybody，anyone，all，none，those等等一般一般用用that而而不用不用which一般一般用用who不用不用thattime修饰时间修饰时间/抽象时间抽象时间place修饰地点修饰地点/抽象地点抽象地点reason修饰原因修饰原因whywhere whenFunctionReferring toThe relative adverb (关系副词关系副词)关系副词的用法关系副词的用法1. Animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese pe

6、ople.2. Written Chinese has also become an important means by which Chinas present is connected with its past.3. It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice.4. We thought you were such a person from whom we could expect good decisions.Pay attention to the circled words.

7、attributive clauses introduced by _ a preposition + which/whom Now lets learn more about attributive clauses introduced by a preposition + which/whom. 在限制性定语从句中，除了用在限制性定语从句中，除了用常见的常见的关系代词或关系副词关系代词或关系副词来引导来引导定语从句外，当定语从句外，当关系代词关系代词which，whom在定语从句中作在定语从句中作介词的宾语介词的宾语时，从句可由时，从句可由“介词介词+which/whom”引出。引出。1.

8、 The man to whom you spoke is a teacher.2. He is a learned man with whom we are familiar.当先行词是当先行词是表人表人的名词或代词时，可的名词或代词时，可由由“介词介词+whom”引导从句引导从句。1. The city in which she lives is far away. 2. The English play in which my students acted at the New Years party was a great success.当先行词是当先行词是表事物表事物的名词或代词时

9、，可的名词或代词时，可由由“介词介词+which”引导从句。引导从句。在在“介词介词+ +关系代词关系代词”结构中，结构中，如何准确地选择介词呢？如何准确地选择介词呢？This is the book _ which I got the story.由于句意含有由于句意含有“从从”的意思，的意思，所以用介词所以用介词 from。from确定介词原则一：确定介词原则一：根据主从句之间的意思确定所需介词。根据主从句之间的意思确定所需介词。This road will take me to the place _ which I belong.根据大意，从句意为根据大意，从句意为“我属于的地方我属于

10、的地方”。根据短语根据短语“belong to”可知空格处应填可知空格处应填 to。to确定介词原则二：确定介词原则二：根据从句动词、形容词等构成的短语确定所需根据从句动词、形容词等构成的短语确定所需介词。介词。Jack is the very person _ I will turn when in trouble.据题干大意，从句意为据题干大意，从句意为“我遇到困难可以我遇到困难可以求助的人求助的人”。“求助求助”即即“turn to”，又因，又因先行词指人，故答案为先行词指人，故答案为 “to whom”。to whomThe song often takes me back to th

11、e day when the accident happened. The song often takes me back to the day _ which the accident happened.据第一句可知，第二句中据第一句可知，第二句中which用来指先用来指先行词行词“the day”，在从句中意为，在从句中意为“在这在这天天”，故填介词，故填介词“on”。确定介词原则三：确定介词原则三：根据先行词确定所需介词。根据先行词确定所需介词。on“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”结构往往可以结构往往可以和关系副词互换和关系副词互换。1. Ill never forget the day

12、 when I joined the league.2. This is the house where I lived two years ago.3. There are many reasons why people like traveling. when =表时间的介词表时间的介词(in, on, at, during等等)+which=on which (=on the day)where =表地点的介词表地点的介词(in, at, on, under等等) +which=in which (=in the house)why=表原因的介词表原因的介词 for+ which=for

13、 which (=for the reasons)1. I met the child (whom) I looked after ten years ago.我遇到了十年前我照料过的那个孩子。我遇到了十年前我照料过的那个孩子。2. This is the pen (that/which) you are looking for.这是你正在找的钢笔。这是你正在找的钢笔。定语从句的谓语如果是以介词结尾的动词定语从句的谓语如果是以介词结尾的动词固定短语，则不可把介词移至从句之首，固定短语，则不可把介词移至从句之首，如如 hear from，look after， look for等。等。注意：注意

14、：另外，当关系代词作另外，当关系代词作动词的间接宾语动词的间接宾语时，用时，用to或或for。1. Who is the girl (that) he gave the flower to?2. The lady (whom/that) I wrote the poem for was my sister.1. I still remember the day _ I came here. A. on which B. that C. when D. at which 2. This is the house _ I lived last year. A. that B. where B. i

15、n which D. at which多选。多选。Exercise The morning in which my dog got lost was in my mind forever.改错。改错。解析：在具体某天的早上、下午等时刻解析：在具体某天的早上、下午等时刻前的介词应用前的介词应用on，即，即on the morning.onDiscovering Useful StructuresTemples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece, and then moved and put together again

16、 in a place where they were safe from the water. 一个免被水淹的地方关系副词引导的定语从句The templesThe Nile课文原句再现课文原句再现Discovering Useful StructuresAfter listening to the scientists who had studied the problem and citizens who lived near the dam, the government turened to the United Nations for help.研究了这个问题的科学家住在大坝附近的

17、民众关系代词引导的定语从句scientistscitizensDiscovering Useful StructuresThe spitit of the Aswan Dam is still alive today. Perhaps the best example is shown by the UNESCO, which runs a programme that prevents world cultural heritage sites around the world from disappearing. 联合国教科文组织，该组织实施了一项计划非限定性定语从句Discovering

18、 Useful StructuresWater from the dam would likely damage a number of temples and destroy cultural relics that were an important part of Egypts cultural heritage.大坝流出的水可能会损坏一些寺庙，并摧毁很多作为埃及文化遗产重要组成部分的文物。没用逗号隔开的定语从句为限定性定语从句。P6 2Rewrite the sentences using relative clauses. I have downloaded that free ap

19、p, but it doesnt work well. The free app (that/which) I have downloaded doesnt work well.1. He showed me a photo in his room. It was a photo of a famous cultural relic in Egypt.The photo _ _.(that/which) he showed me in his roomwas of a famous cultural relic in Egypt2. The project team helped protec

20、t the national parks in the United Republic of Tanzania. It was formed by members from fifteen countries.The project team _ _.fifteen countries helped protect the national parks in the United Republic of Tanzaniawhose members were from 3. This temple was first built during the Qin Dynasty.The time _

21、 _.when this temple was first built was during the Qin Dynasty4. We met a professional archaeologist at the entrance to the Great Pyramid. He explained to us the process of building such a difficult structure.The professional archaeologist _ _.(who/whom) we met at the entrance to the Great Pyramid e

22、xplained to us the process of building such a difficult structure6. Scientists worked together day and night to rescue the temple because they wanted to preserve it for the next generation.5. The documents about the cultural relics from overseas are under the desk. I found them yesterday.The place _

23、 _.the cultural relics from overseas yesterday is under the deskwhere I found those documents about The reason _ _.why scientists worked together day and night to rescue the temple is that they wanted to preserve it for the next generationP6 3One asks the questions below and the other answers them w

24、ith relative clauses. EXAMPLEA: What is an exit?B: An exit is the door where/through which you can leave a building.1. Whats a library? (from/in which; where) 2. Whats a good friend? (to whom; who)3. Whats a vacation? (during which; when) 4. Whats a football coach? (from whom; who)Possible answers:1

25、. A: Whats a library? (from/in which; where) B1: A library is a place from/in which you can borrow books.B2: A library is a place where you can borrow books. 2. A: Whats a good friend? (to whom; who)B1: A good friend is someone to whom you can tell your problems.B2: A good friend is someone who you

26、can tell your problems.3. A: Whats a vacation? (during which; when) B1: A vacation is a time during which you dont work. B2: A vacation is a time when you dont work. 4. A: Whats a football coach? (from whom; who)B1: A football coach is someone from whom football players receive training.B2: A footba

27、ll coach is someone who trains football players.1. A: Whats a giraffe? B: A giraffe is an animal that has a long neck.2. A: Whats a dentist? B: A dentist is someone who looks after your teeth.For example:Now work out two more questions of your own.“介词介词+ +关系代词关系代词”引导的定语从句引导的定语从句介词的确定：介词的确定：1. 由主从句的句

28、意决定；由主从句的句意决定；2. 由从句动词、形容词等构成的固由从句动词、形容词等构成的固 定短语确定；定短语确定；3.根据先行词确定所需介词。根据先行词确定所需介词。结构：结构：介词介词+which(指物指物)/介词介词+whom(指人指人). 实战高考实战高考He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper _ _ hes on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction. (2019(2019课标全国卷课标

29、全国卷阅读理解阅读理解 C C篇篇) )with whom他喜欢能坐着安静地看手机，或者如果他想他喜欢能坐着安静地看手机，或者如果他想和别人有点交流的话，就和他能直呼其名的和别人有点交流的话，就和他能直呼其名的服务生聊上几句。服务生聊上几句。1. 根据句意填空。根据句意填空。2. (2019(2019浙江卷浙江卷) ) On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth _ gives off light in the dark.3. We have entered into an age _ dreams have the best ch

30、ance of coming true.（20192019江苏卷）江苏卷）A. which B. what C. when D. thatthat/which. 用适当的关系词填空。用适当的关系词填空。1. The mountain _ we climbed yesterday is the highest mountain in Britain.2. An architect is a person _ designs buildings.3. The bar in Barcelona _ I met my best friend is still there.4. The summer _

31、 I graduated from university was long and hot.5. Jane told me the reason _ she was not in favour of revising the plan.why/for which that/which who/thatwhere/in which when/in which6. My sister worked for a man _ used to be an athlete.7. As for me, I have joined an organization in our city _ purpose i

32、s to call on people to protect wild animals.8. A corkscrew is a thing _ you use to open bottles.9. The day _ the concert takes place is Sunday.10. The city _ the basketball player lives is San Francisco.where/in whichwho/thatwhosewhich/thatwhen/on which . 根据汉语完成句子根据汉语完成句子。1. This is the engineer _ _

33、 ( (给我们作关于计算机报告的给我们作关于计算机报告的) ) the other day.2. My necklace is not _ _( (唯一不见的东西唯一不见的东西) ).3. The man _( (在这间房子里工作在这间房子里工作 的的) )is an English teacher.4. The old building _( (我们住的我们住的) ) has been here for 30 years.5. The history book _ (封皮封皮 是黄的是黄的) was lost.who gave us a talk about computersthe onl

34、y thing thats who works in the room(that/which) we live inwhose cover is yellowmissing6. Here is the pen _( (你昨天你昨天 丢失的丢失的) ).7. This is the best book _ ( (我读过的我读过的) ).8. I have lost the pen _ _ (我父亲给我买的我父亲给我买的) ).9. Wheat is a plant _ _（中国北方种植的（中国北方种植的) ).10. I dont like the people _ _( (说得多说得多, ,做

35、得少的做得少的) ). (that) you lost yesterday(that) I have ever read(which/that) my father which/that is grown who talk too much bought mein the north of Chinabut do littleDiscovering Useful Structures常见错误一：把作主语的关系代词省略常见错误一：把作主语的关系代词省略According to the islanders, the finished statues were moved by those had magic powers.who常见错误二：混淆定语从句和名词性从句常见错误二：混淆定语从句和名词性从句This is that he told me the