定语从句讲义及答案

1、定语从句（讲义）定语从句概念回顾在复合句中作定语，修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句，叫定语从句。I love stories that are very interesting.I like singers who write their own music.先行词：定语从句所修饰的词关系词：1.连接主从句2.代替先行词3.在定语从句中作成分关系词分为两种：关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose关系副词：when, where, why关系代词先行词作用例句that人/物主、宾、表I know the girl that is under the tree.whic

2、h物主、宾、表I found the pen which he lost.who人主、宾、表I know the girl who is under the tree.whom人/物宾He is the writer whom we like.whose人/物定The room whose door is open is mine.一、定语从句中只用 that 的情况当先行词是物时，一般情况下用 which 或 that 都可以，但以下情况只能用 that 来引导。1. 当先行词为 all, none, much, little, the one, anything, nothing 等不定代

3、词时，只用 that。All that you like is very good.Everything that we have seen in China is moving.2. 当先行词前面有 all, any, no 等修饰时，只用 that。I want to read all the books that are about history. Do you have any ideas that can help us?3.当先行词被序数词、形容词最高级或 the only, the very, the last,just 等修饰时，只用 that。The first thing

4、 that we should do is to get some food. This is the best movie that I have ever seen.This is the only book that I want to read.4. 先行词中既有人又有物时，只用 that。The writer and his novel that you have talked about are really famous.5.当主句是以特殊疑问词开头的特殊疑问句时，只用 that。Which is the course that we are to take? Who is th

5、e boy that is playing baseball?6. 当主句以 There be 结构开头，且先行词作其主语时，只用 that。There is a seat in the corner that is still free. There are two books on history that are for you.单选：()1. I hope that the littleI have been able to do can help them.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. whom ()2. They talked about the people

6、and placesthey hadvisited.A. whichB. thatC. whoD. whom ()3. The third roomwindows are big is ours.A. thatB. whichC. whoseD. who ()4. This is the most beautiful cityIve ever seen.A. whichB. thatC. whoD. whom ()5. I live in Shanghai _ I like now.A. whichB. whatC. whoD. whom ()6. Who is the manis waiti

7、ng at the school gate?A. whichB. whatC. thatD. whom ()7. There is a present on the tableis for you.A. whichB. thatC. whoD. whom二、定语从句中的关系副词关系词分为两种：关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose(主/宾/表/定)关系副词：when, where, why (状)1. when 表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。I still remember the year. In the year you visited Henan.合成定

8、语从句：I still remember the year when you visited Henan.I will never forget the day. On the day I joined the Party.合成定语从句：I will never forget the day when I joined the Party.2. where 表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。That is the school. In the school I studied ten years ago.合成定语从句：That is the school where I studied ten

9、 years ago.Zhengzhou is the city. In the city I got my first job.合成定语从句：Zhengzhou is the city where I got my first job.3. why 表示原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词是表示原因的 reason 一词。We dont know the reason. For the reason he was late.合成定语从句：We dont know the reason why he was late.Can you tell me the reason? For the r

10、eason you left Xian.合成定语从句：Can you tell me the reason why you left Xian?用适当的词填空：1. This is the townhe was born.2. The reasonhe refused the invitation is not clear.3. Tell me the timeLily will come.4. This is the houseI lived yesterday.5. I forgot the dayhe went to Beijing.This is the mountain villag

11、eI visited last year.易混点：当先行词是表示时间或地点的词时，要特别注意其在从句中的成分。若在从句中充当状语成分，用关系副词；若是其他成分则用关系代词。This is the mountain villageI visited last year.This is the mountain villageI stayed last year.I will never forget the daysI spent in the village. I will never forget the daysI lived with my aunt.练习：1. She didnt te

12、ll me the reasonshe left Beijing.2. There comes a timeyou have to make a choice.3. Dont forget the timeIve told you.4. Thats the hospitalhe worked last year.5. He works in a factorymakes TV sets.关系副词还可以用“介词+which”来代替： I will never forget the day when I joined the Party.I will never forget the day on

13、 which I joined the Party.I will never forget the day. On the day I joined the Party. That is the school where I studied ten years ago.That is the school in which I studied ten years ago. We dont know the reason why he was late.We dont know the reason for which he was late.三、定语从句的翻译英译汉：“的”I know the

14、 girl who is under the tree.主句：我认识那个女孩。 从句：那个女孩站在树下。合并：我认识站在树下的那个女孩。I remember the day when you got the prize.主句：我记得那一天。 从句：那一天你得奖了。合并：我记得你得奖的那一天。汉译英：我找到了他丢的那支钢笔。主句：I found the pen.从句：He lost the pen.合并：I found the pen which he lost.这就是我爸爸工作的那家工厂。主句：This is the factory.从句：My father works in the fact

15、ory.合并：This is the factory where my father works.用定语从句的相关知识进行翻译：1. The room whose door is open is mine.2. He is the only person that can help you.3. This park is a good place where I spend the weekend.4. 这是一本许多人都喜欢的书。5. 他知道 Lily 学习努力的原因。6. Tom 将要去上海，他的哥哥现在住在那里。四、课堂检测（一）单选()1. The first thingmy broth

16、er is going to do this afternoon is to write a letter.A. whichB. thatC. whyD. who ()2. This is the schoolwe visited last year.A. thatB. whereC. whoD. whose ()3. Theres no difficultywe cant overcome.A. whichB. thatC. whoD. whom ()4. This is the garden _ I met John yesterday.A. thatB. whereC. whoD. wh

17、ich()5. Its bad for health to hurry to move into a house _has new furniture in it.A. whoB. whereC. thatD. whom()6. I still remember the college and the teachersI visited in London years ago.A. whatB. whoC. thatD. which()7. Ill never forget the day _we met each other last week.A. whichB. thatC. whenD

18、. who ()8. I still remember the daysI spent learning math.A. whichB. whomC. whenD. who ()9. This is the reason _ he gave up smoking.A. whomB. whichC. whoD. why()10. The housethe writer used to live is now a museum.A. whichB. thatC. in whichD. there（二）用 that, when, where 填空11. I still remember the ni

19、ghtI first came to the house.12. I will never forget the daysI spent with your family.13. This is the schoolI used to study.14. Have you ever been to Hainanis beautiful?15. I live in Beijingmany foreigners visit every year.16. We all remember the dayhe came to Xian.（三）翻译17. The movie that we saw last night was boring.18. 你正在寻找的书在桌子上。19. 你曾经去过杭州吗？它因西湖(the West Lake)而出名。20. 这就是他成功的原因。【参考答案】一、定语从句中只用