英语专业四级预测试题及答案

1、Decidewhichofthechoicesgivenbelowwouldbestcompletethepassageifinsertedinthecorrespondingblanks.Markthebestchoiceforeachblankonyouranswersheet.The“standardofliving”ofanycountrymeanstheaverageperson'sshareofthegoodsandservicesthecountryproduces.Acountry'sstandardofliving,31,dependsfirstand32on

2、itscapacitytoproducewealth.“Wealth”inthissenseisnotmoney,forwedonotliveonmoney33onthingsthatmoneycanbuy:“goods”suchasfoodandclothing,and“services”suchastransportand“_34_”.Acountry'scapacitytoproducewealthdependsuponmanyfactors,mostof35haveaneffectononeanother.Wealthdepends36agreatextentuponacoun

3、try'snaturalresources.Someregionsoftheworldarewellsuppliedwithcoalandminerals,andhaveafertilesoilanda37climate;otherregionspossessnoneofthem.Nexttonaturalresources38theabilitytoturnthemtouse.Chinaisperhapsaswell39astheUSAinnaturalresources,butsufferedformanyyearsfromciviland40wars,and41thisandot

4、herreasonswas42todevelopherresources.43andstablepoliticalconditions,and44fromforeigninvasion,enableacountrytodevelopitsnaturalresourcespeacefullyandsteadily,andtoproducemorewealththananothercountryequallywell45bynaturebutlesswellordered.grownAcountry'sstandardoflivingdoesnotonlydependupontheweal

5、ththatisproducedandconsumed46itownborders,butalsouponwhatisindirectlyproducedthroughinternationaltrade.47Britain'swealthinfoodstuffsandotheragriculturalproductswouldbemuchlessifshehadtodependonlyon48athome.Trademakesitpossibleforhersurplusmanufacturedgoodstobetradedcapacity,abroadfortheagricultu

6、ralproductsthatwould49belacking.Acountryswealthis,therefore,muchinfluencedbyitsmanufacturing50thatothercountriescanbefoundreadytoacceptitsmanufactures.31. A.howeverB.thereforeC.neverthelessD.furthermore32. A.primaryB.principalC.foremostD.uniquely33. A.orB.norC.butD.except34. A.recreationB.enlightenm

7、entC.refreshmentD.entertainment35. A.ifB.themC.whichD.that36. A.withB.forC.toD.on37. A.neutralB.favorablC.virtuousD.marine38. A.comesB.comeC.comingD.came39. A.offB.knownC.doneD.furnished40. A.militaryB.externalC.contemporaryD.domestic41. A.forB.becauseC.becauseofD.dueto42. A.ImpossibleB.IncapableC.u

8、nableD.proficient43. A.StrongB.SturdyC.SoundD.Robust44. A.libertyB.freedomC.preventionD.liberation45. A.assistedB.avengedC.rescuedD.served46. A.withB.withinC.nearD.without47. A.InshortB.ForexampleC.firstlyD.Ononehand48. A.thoseB.whatC.thatD.it49. A.likelyB.likewiseC.certainlyD.otherwise50. A.provide

9、dB.dependedC.givenD.supposedPARTIVGRAMMAR&VOCABULARY15MINTherearethirtysentencesinthissection.BeneatheachsentencetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Chooseonewordorphrasethatbestcompletesthesentence.Markyouranswersonyouranswersheet.51. Weoftenadvisehimnottodrinkmorewineisgoodforhishealth.A

10、.asB.thanC.thatD.but52. Itisnecessarythatanefficientworkerhisworkontime.A.accomplishesB.canaccomplishC.accomplishD.hasaccomplished53. Myfatherwillbeheretomorrow,butatfirstIthoughtthathetoday.A.wascomingB.iscomingC.willcomeD.come54. Withoutfacts,wecannotformaworthwhileopinionforweneedtohavefactualkno

11、wledgeourthinking.AwhichtobebasedonB.whichtobebaseuponC.uponwhichtobaseD.towhichtobebased55. Ididn'tcalltomakemyairlinereservation,butI.A.shouldhaveB.mayhaveC.musthaveD.shallhave56. ItsthefirsttimethatshehasbeentotheUnitedStates,A.isn'tsheB.hasn'tsheC.isn'titD.hasn'tit57. Ithinkt

12、hatthelaborbillwillpass;it'sthatitwill.B. very likelyA.almostsurelyC.nearpositiveD.quitecertainly58. Anincreaseinanation'smoneysupply,withoutanaccompanyingincreaseineconomicactivity,resultinhigherprices.A.tendsB.C.tendingtoD.to59. X-raysareabletopassthroughobjectsandthusmakedetailsthatareoth

13、erwiseimpossibletoobserve.A.itvisibleB.visiblyC.visibleD.visible60. Pricesforbikesatthatstorerun250dollars.A.ashighasB.C.sohightoD.61. Hewillnotbetovoteinthisyear'selection.A.enougholdB.asC.oldenoughD.enougholdtendsthewilltendtheyareashightosohighasoldenoughas62. Thomas Jefferson'sachievemen

14、tsasanarchitectrivalhiscontributionsapolitician.A.suchB.moreC.asD.than63. Accordingtotheconditionsofmyscholarship,afterfinishingmydegree.A. myeducationwillbeemployedbytheuniversityB. employmentwillbegiventomebytheuniversityC. theuniversitywillemploymeD. Iwillbeemployedbytheuniversity64. IfBob'sw

15、ifewon'tagreetosignthepapers,.A.neitherhewillB.neitherwillheC.neitherwon'theD.hewon'tneither65. isgenerallyaccepted,economicgrowthisdeterminedbythesmoothdevelopmentofproduction.A.WhatB.ThatC.ItD.As66. Aviolentrevolutionhavingbrokenout,alltheportsofthatcountrywerelaidundera(n).A.boycottB.

16、embargoC.embarkD.ban67. Sincecan'tworkintheUnitedStateswithoutapermit,soitisofgreatimportanceforthemtopresenttheircredentialstothegovernment.A.emigrantsB.expatriatesC.migrantsD.immigrantspassion68. Mostinvestorsaretaughtattheverybeginningthatthereisnoplaceforininvestmentmarkets.A.feelingB.emotio

17、nC.D.sentiment69. Imyordinaryincomebydoingsomepart-timework.A.complimentB.ComplementC.supplementbe foundD.implement70. BeforethestatuecouldbetotheUnitedStates,asitehadtoforitandapedestalhadtobebuilt.A.transformedB.transportedC.transferredD.transmitted71. Thefinaldocumentwas,ofcourse,supposedtomendth

18、edamageupontheworldbythewar,A.imposedB.impressedC.compelledD.compressed72. Roger,whoincourage,ishighlyrespectedbyallhispeersinthevillages.A.boundsB.possessesC.declaresD.abounds73. Thetouristsaretoldthattheremotestvillageinthisareaisonlybyariver.A.accessibleB.availableC.obtainableD.achievableC.74. He

19、interruptedmebyaskingirrelevantquestions.A.continuallyB.continuouslyconsistentlyD.constantly75. Beingamanofandpublicspirit.Mr.RusselllaboredzealouslytoadvancetheinterestofthecommunityandwasmuchinterestedinbringingnewmanufacturingintereststoWaterloo.A.firmB.enterpriseC.companyD.corporation76. Whenpeo

20、pledothingswrongweshouldtryhardtoforgivethem,astheidiomgoes,“Toishuman.”A.referB.conferC.deferD.err77. Althoughgainingajobasarealagentorbrokermayberelativelyeasy,beginningagentsandbrokersmayfacecompetitionfromwell-established,moreexperiencedones.A.propertyB.estateC.houseD.assets78. Theconstitutionof

21、theStaterequiredthatpropertyshouldbefortaxationatitsmarketvalue.A.estimatedB.appraisedC.evaluatedD.valued79. OnJune15,1909,afterScottfinishedhisrushedplansforhistotheSouthPole,hedepartedfromEngland.A.tourB.voyageC.expeditionD.excursion80. Thegovernmentauthorityhadtooilandotherproductssothatitwouldno

22、trunoutduringwar.A.shareB.fareC.provideD.rationPARTVREADINGCOMPREHENSION25MINInthissectiontherearefourpassagesfollowedbyquestionsorunfinishedstatements,eachwithfoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatyouthinkisthebestanswer.Markyouranswersonyouranswersheet.TEXTAAllSirWilliamJoneswantedto

23、dowastolearnSanskrit.Whilehewasstudying,however,hemadeasurprisingdiscovery.ThisancientlanguageofIndiawasamazinglysimilartoLatinandGreek.TheSanskritwordfor"mother"-matarwasalmostidenticaltotheLatinword,mater."Father“waspitarinSanskrit,paterinLatinandGreek.Themorehestudied,themoresimila

24、ritieshefound.HowcouldthisbeThousandsofmilesandmanynaturalbarriersseparatedIndiaandEurope.Still,Jonesconcluded,thesimilaritiesweretoostrongtobeaccidental.In1786,heannounced“Noonecouldexaminethemallthree,withoutbelievingthemtohavesprungfromsomecommonsource.”Sincethen,scholarshavetracedmanylanguagesto

25、this“commonsource."Today,theselanguagesarecalledtheIndo-Europeanfamily.ButwheredidthissourceoriginateLanguageandgeographyprovidetheclues.EuropeanlanguageshavesimilarwordsfortheanimalsandtreesofnorthernEurope,suchasoak,willow,bear,andwolf.TherearenocommonwordsfortheanimalsandtreesofsouthernEurop

26、e.Toscholars,thissuggeststhattheIndo-EuropeanlanguagesbeganinnorthcentralEurope.Intime,somenorthernEuropeanssetouttowardtheeast,settlinginIran,India,andPakistan.OthersmigratedwestwardtowardsouthernandwesternEurope.Therootlanguagedevelopedintodozensofdifferentlanguages,butthefamilyresemblancesremain.

27、Thewordfor“three"isdreiinGerman,tresinSpanish,treinAlbanian,andtriinRussian.AlmosteverylanguageinEuropeispartoftheIndo-Europeanfamily,butthereareexceptions.HungarianandFinnishclingtootherlanguagefamilies.HighinthePyrenees,theBasquepeoplespeakalanguagethathasnoknownrelatives.PerhapstheBasqueswer

28、etheoriginalinhabitantsoftheregion.Isolatedbymountains,theymayhavebeenbypassedbythespreadofIndo-Europeanculture.81. WhatdidSirWilliamJonesdiscoverwhenhewaslearningSanskritA. SanskritwasverysimilartosomeEuropeanlanguages.B. Sanskritwasanancientlanguage.C. TheSanskritwordformotheristhesameasthatinLati

29、n.D. LatinandGreekwereverysimilar.82. Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueabout"thecommonsource"A. Jonesfoundoutthecommonsource.B. Alllanguagessprangfromthecommonsource.C. Onlythreelanguagessprangfromthecommonsource.D. Since1786,scholarshavetracedmanylanguagestothecommonsource.83. Wheredidt

30、hecommonsourceoriginateA.InsouthernEurope.B.Innorth-centralEurope.C.InIndia.D.inPakistan.84. WhatcanbeconcludedfromthepassageA. Jonesfirstdiscoveredtherootlanguage.B. ThelanguageswiththecommonsourcearecalledtheIndo-Europeanfamily.C. Therootlanguagedevelopedintodifferentlanguagesaspeoplemigrated.D. E

31、verylanguageinEuropeispartoftheIndo-Europeanfamily.TEXTBYourfirstcultureshockcameafteryouleftyourhomecountryandyouneededtoadjusttotheUnitedStates,Itisnowimportanttolearnculturalinformationaboutyourcompany,sothatyouwillfitinandperformsuccessfully.Thepeoplewhomakeupthisenvironmenthavetheirowncustoms,h

32、abitsandexpectationsofeachnewemployee.Gatheringinformationthatisformal(policy)andinformal(traditions)willhelpyoulearntheprofessionalnormsandbecomefullyaccepted.Policiesarecorporatedocumentsdescribingprocedures,rules,andstandardsthatguidedecisionmakingandconduct.Theyaresimilartoofficiallawsthatgovern

33、acountry.Somesourcesofsuchwrittencompanyinformationincludetheannualreport,productorservicebrochures,technicalandproceduralmanual,employeedirectoryandthecompanynewsletter.Organizationaltraditionsareusuallyunwrittenhutcommonpracticesthathaveevolvedovertime.Theysetthetoneandphilosophyoftheparticularcor

34、poration,justasthecustomsofacountrydo.Thebestwaytolearnsuchinformationistoobserveandtalkwithotherssuchasyoursupervisorandco-workers.Youcansupplementideasfromformalintroductorymaterialsgivenyouearlier.Explorewithfellowemployeesthosebehaviorsthatmaybetoleratedbutfrownedupon.Askyoursupervisorforfeedbac

35、ktoavoidtypicaltrapsthatcouldcauseyourco-workerstorejectyouasaprofessional.Keepthisguidenearby,andrefertoitofteninprivate.Reviewingformalcompanyprocedures,handouts,writtennotes,ideas,commentsfrombossesandcolleagues,togetherwithmaterialsinthishandbook,willhelpyoumakeamorehealthyculturaladjustment.85.

36、 WhatisthepurposetolearnculturalinformationA. ToknowtheU.S.A.better.B. Toworkbetterinthenewenvironment.C. Tomakemoremoney.D. Toimproveone'sEnglish.86. Accordingtothepassage,isnotthepolicy'sfunction.A. describingprocedures,rulesandstandardsB. governingacountryC. helpingtoguidedecisionmakingan

37、dconductD. writingdownthecompany'sinformation87. isthebestwaytolearntheorganizationaltraditions.A. ToreadthepoliciesB. TostudythephilosophyC. Tostudyacountry'scustomsD. Toobserveandcommunicatewiththecolleaguesandboss.88. HowtomakeamorehealthyculturaladjustmentA. Readthispassageoften.B. Discu

38、sstheorganizationalculturewithyourcolleagues.C. Gatherandreviewtheformalandinformalinformationinthecorporation.D. Askyourbossforhelp.89. ThepassageiswrittentoA. helpreaderstounderstandtheorganization'scultureB. explainthecultureshockC. analyzethepoliciesandtraditionsD. helpreaderstoworkbetterwit

39、htheirsupervisorandco-workersTEXTC“WhitehostilitytowardAfricanAmericans,andtheresultingdiscrimination,havebeenfueledbyasenseofthreat.Duringslavery,manyworking-classwhites,encouragedbyslaveholders,fearedthereleaseoflargenumbersofblacksintothelabormarketandsocietyingeneral.WhennorthernindustriesusedAf

40、ricanAmericansasstrikebreakersinthefirstdecadesofthiscentury,whiteworkersfearedthelossoftheirjobs.Today,manywhiteAmericansfear“blackviolence”.Moreover,specificfearsaboutthe“costs”ofwelfareaswellasthe"taking"ofjobsthroughaffirmativeactionhaveaddedtothefearofblackviolence.Thesefearshavetrans

41、latedintonegativestereotypesofAfricanAmericansasapeoplewhoarepronetocrimeandviolence,unwillingtowork,andadrainonthewhitetaxpayerthroughtheirwelfaredependency.Inturn,thesestereotypeshavebeenusedtojustifyinformaldiscrimination,topreventthehelptotheurbanpoor,tobenegligentinenforcinglawsorpoliciesprohib

42、itingdiscriminatorypracticesagainstblackworkers,andmostimportant,tohesitateinmakingaseriouseffortatjobcreationforAfricanAmericans.TheresultisthatAfricanAmericansshareofvaluedresourceshasnotincreasedmuchoverthelasttwodecades,evenasformaldiscriminationhasbeengreatlylessened.Thisfactisusedtofurtherthen

43、egativebeliefthatAfricanAmericanshave"nottakenadvantageoftheirequalopportunities.90. According to the passage, how did the northern industries make use of AfricanAmericansin1900sA. Sentthemtoaskthestrikerstogobacktowork.B. Madethemworkveryhard.C. Employedthemtothreatenthewhitestrikers.D. Releas

44、edthemintothelabormarket.91. WhatistheillinfluenceofthesenegativestereotypesA. Givinghelptothepoorblack.B. Justifyinginformaldiscrimination.C. Enforcinglawsprohibitingdiscriminatorypracticesagainstblackworkers.D. Creatingopportunitiesofemploymentfortheblack.92. Whatcanbeinferredfrom"adrainonthe

45、whitetaxpayer"abouttheAfricanAmericansA. Theyareunwillingtowork.B. Theyneverpaytax.C. Theylacksecurity.D. Theirwelfaredependsonthewhite'stax.93. Theauthorwrotethepassagetotellus.A. AfricanAmericansposeathreattothewhitesinemploymentB. AfricanAmericansaredependentonthetaxpaidbythewhitesC. Afr

46、icanAmericansarediscriminatedagainstbecausetheyareoftenonstrikeD. thesenseofthreatintensifiesthewhite'shospitalityanddiscriminationagainsttheAfricanAmericansTEXTD“Peoplethoughtofthemselvesashavingrightsfromcompanies,”saidHoshuaFreeman,alaborhistorianatColumbiaUniversity.Thatsenseofentitlementgre

47、wevenstrongerintheearlydecadesafterWorldWarIIandcollectivebargainingbecamethearenaforarguingoutwages,pensions,healthinsurance,vacations,hoursandjobsecurity.Thatsystemisdisappearingtoday.Career-longattachmentstooneemployer,anotionborninthe1920's,arenolongerthe.norm.Thenewclass-consciousnessmakesl

48、essdistinctionbetweenworkersandmanagers.Rightsarerelative,atbest.Anincreasinglyconservativeelectoratehasreducedgovernment'sroleinregulatingtheeconomy.Unionshavelostinfluenceandmembership.Whatpeopledoistrytocope,bythemselves,saidMs.Skelly,ofDYG.Self-employmentisonesolution,DYG'spollsshow,andt

49、hatisarisingtrend."Theytry,onthejob,tohideanyweaknessintheirperformance,"shesaid.“Theyworklongerhoursandtakeworkhome,withoutlettingthebossknow,togivetheimpressionthattheytogether.Thereistoomuchcompetition.Peopletalkoftheirweaknesstofriendsandspouses,butnottocoworkers.”can do difficulttasks

50、 quickly. There is nothing like,we are all in thisAndmanyAmericansfeelintheirheartsthattheunemploymentmightbejustified.“Thereisasenseamongpeoplethatweareinefficientandbloated,”Ms.Skellysaid.“Anduntiltheyfeelthatisnolongertrue,theyarereluctanttocriticizetheforcesthatarecuttingoutthefatandtheinefficie

51、ncies.”94. Itcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraphthat.A. peopledonotenjoytheirrightsnowadaysB. peoplearemorelikelytochangetheirjobsthantheywereinthe1920'sC. workersandmanagerssharethesamerightstodayD. nowadays,peoplerefusetotakepartintheUnion95. AccordingtoMsSkelly,whichofthefollowingistrueA. Peo

52、pleliketoworkovertime.B. Peoplewanttoworkathome.C. Peoplewanttoimpressthebosswiththeircapabilityandefficiency.D. Peopleneedhelpfromtheirfamilies,fortheycannotcopewithdifficultproblemsthemselves.96. Peoplehidetheirweaknessfrom.A.theirparentsB.theirwivesorhusbandsC.theirfriendsD.theircolleagues97. The

53、mainideaofthepassageis.A. peoplethoughtofthemselvesashavingrightsfromcompaniesB. people'ssenseofentitlementisnotasstrongasitusedtobeC. peopleworkathomeD. peopleregardunemploymentasusualTEXTEYoumaynothavethoughtofitjustthisway,buttheletteryouwriteispartofyou,andexpressionofyourpersonality.Therefo

54、retowritelettersthataremerepatternsofformistopresentacolorlesspersonality.Letters,bytheirverynature,aretooindividualtobestandardized.Alettermaybeabsolutelyperfectaccordingtothestandardsofgoodtasteandgoodform;butunlessitalsoexpressessomethingofthewriter'spersonality,itisnotagoodletter.Inotherword

55、s,don'tbesatisfiedtowritelettersthatarejustcorrectandnothingmore.Trytowritelettersthatarecorrectforyou.lettersthatarewarmandalivewithreflectionsofyourownpersonality.Andifthissoundslikeaplatitude（陈词滥调）,stopforamomentandthinkbackoveryourrecentcorrespondence.Whatwasthemostinterestingletteryoureceiv

56、edcameWasitaletteranyonecouldhavewrittenOrwasitaletterthatinstantlyalive”asyoureaditthatbroughtthepersonalityofthesenderrightintotheroomwithyou.asthoughyouwerefacetoface,listeninginsteadofreadingThefaultwithtoomanyletters,todayasinthepastthereasonsomanylettersaredullandlifeless,andoftenfailtoaccomplishthepurposeforwhichtheyarewrittenissimplythis:Theysoundexactlyliketheletterseveryoneelsewrites.Theyareneitherexcitingtoreceivenorstimulatingtoread.98. Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“theletteryouwrite