动词ing用法归类总结好

1、英语动词ing用法归类总结动词的-ing形式也是一种非谓语动词。-ing形式仍保留有动词的特征，可以带有其所需要的宾语或状语而构成-ing短语。动词-ing 又分为present participle and gerund.1.-ing的形式：-ing有一般式和完成式。及物动词的-ing还有主动式和被动式，而不及物动词的-ing则没有被动式。现在以及物动词make 和不及物动词go为例，将其-ing各种形式列表如下：动词 语态形式及物动词make不及物动词go主动语态被动语态主动语态一般式makingbeing madegoing完成式having madehaving been madeha

2、ving gonea. 一般式:V-ing1). 动词V-ing形式的一般式可用来泛指一个动作，没有特别的时间意义。Swimming is her favorite sport.游泳是她最喜欢的体育运动。Learning is important to modern life.学习对现代生活很重要。2). 动词V-ing形式的一般式可用来表示与谓语动词同时发生的动作。They went out of the classroom, talking and laughing. 他们有说有笑地走出教室。3). 动词V-ing形式的一般式有时也可表示在谓语动词的动作之前或之后发生的动作。I remem

3、bered sending him an e-mail last week. 我记得上星期给他发过一份电子邮件。He suggested taking my daughter to the zoo the next Sunday. 他建议下个星期天带我女儿去动物园。 b.完成式: having done1.动词V-ing形式的完成式表示一个已完成的动作，这个动作发生或完成在谓语动词表示的动作之前。一般在句中作时间或原因状语用。句中的主语是它的逻辑主语，并且是它所表示的动作的执行者，如：Having answered the letter, she went on to read an

4、 English novel.Having lived in this city for three years, she knows it very well.Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. 因为没有努力学习功课，他考试不及格。注意：在现代英语中，作宾语的动词V-ing形式的完成式可用一般式来代替。I really regretted missing such an exciting lecture. 错过了这么振奋人心的演讲，我真的很遗憾。(=I rally regretted ha

5、ving missed such an exciting lecture.)We remembered seeing the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。(=We remembered having seen the film.)c. V-ing的被动形式being done,表示它的逻辑主语是动词-ing形式表示的动作的承受者。被动语态-ing一般式所表示的动作是一个正在进行中的被动动作，而且这个被动动作也是和句中谓语所表示的动作同时发生的。它一般在句中作定语或状语用。-ing完成被动式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，在句中一般作状语用。如：The truck being

6、repaired there is ours.The question being discussed is very important.正在讨论的问题很重要。I cant stand being kept waiting. 我不堪久等。 The question being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。 Having been shown the lab, we were taken to see the library.Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking.

7、 被老师批评以后，他把烟戒了。 注意：在need, want, require, be worth等动词(短语)后，作宾语的-ing常用主动形式来表示被动含义。如： Your shoes need cleaning. = Your shoes need to be cleaned. 你的鞋需要清洗一下了。 This book is well worth reading. 这本书很值得一看。d. having done的被动形式having been done表示动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生。Having been shown the lab, we were taken to see the

8、school library.在被带去看了实验室之后，我们又被带去参观校图书馆。e. -ing否定形式: not+ V-ing His not coming made everyone present very disappointed. 他没来使在场的每个人都很失望。2. -ing形式的基本用法。（1）作主语：动名词作主语与不定式作主语在语序位置方面较相似，但在表达意思上有差异。动名词作主语时，它已经将动作名词化了，已把某个动作视为某种活动或是某件事情了，动作意义很弱，比较抽象。而不定式作主语的动作意义较强，多指"要是去做某事"，这种动作往往是"要发生的一次性动

9、作",比较具体。例如： Breathing became difficult at that altitude. 在那个海拔高度呼吸变得很困难。Reading English aloud in the morning will do you a lot of good .早晨朗读英文会给你带来许多好处。Cheating on an exam ruins one's character .考试作弊毁坏人的性格。It takes me ten minutes to get home from my office .我从办公室回家要花十分钟。It needs time to mak

10、e three copies of it .把它复制三份需要时间。ing形式作主语时，如果其结构较长，可用it作形式主语，而将作主语的-ing后置。如：It isnt much good writing to them again. Its no use waiting here.动名词作主语时，也常用"It is "和"There is "两种句型。"It is "的句型常用于说明"某种活动或是某件事情是如何，如何"。强调事物的性质、特征等。常用于It is后面的词有：no good , no use , use

11、less , a waste, worthwhile , dangerous等等。句型"There is "往往用于说明"不允许、禁止某种活动或是某件事情发生或存在"。类似一种建议、命令等。例如：It is no use waiting for him any longer .等他是没有用的。It is no good learning without practice .学而不实践是没好处的。It is dangerous using this method to measure the speed of light . 用这种方法去测量光速是危险的。

12、It is worthwhile consulting your tutor about it again .很值得再向你的指导老师咨询一下这个问题。There is no joking about such matters .这种事开不得玩笑。There is no denying the fact that China has made a rapid progress in every aspect since it was founded .不能否认这个事实，中国自它成立以来已在各个方面都取得了飞速的发展。There is no littering about . 不许乱扔杂物。注意以

13、下几种结构：1Theres no telling what will happen .=Its impossible to tell what will happen . = No one can tell what will happen . 2Its no use talking with him . Its no good speaking to them like that . 3Theres some difficulty ( in ) doing 在此句型中,difficulty 可以由以下单词替换: trouble , problem , fun , pleasure , a g

14、ood time , a hard time（2）作表语：动词-ing作表语表示主语所处的状态。动名词作表语主要说明"主语是做什么的、或是怎么回事"， 动作意义弱，较抽象；而现在分词作表语则主要是表示"主语的性质、特征等"；不定式作表语却主要说明或解释"主语（要去）做什么事"，它比动名词更为具体，动作意义更强。例如：Her job is washing and cooking.=Washing and cooking is her job. My hobby is collecting stamps.=Collecting stamp

15、s is my hobby.The real question is getting to know the needs of the people. 真正的问题是了解人民的需要。His part-time job is promoting new products for the company. （动名词） 他的业余工作是为那家公司推销新产品。Reading is for sure learning, but applying is also learning to a greater extent .（动名词）读书当然是学习，然而运用在很大程度上更是学习。Their task is ex

16、ploring oil mines in the west . （动名词） 他们的任务是在西部探查油矿。The situation is very much encouraging .（现在分词） 形势非常令人鼓舞。The story is moving . 这个故事令人感动。His present job is not that stimulating as he expected. （现在分词） 他现在的工作并不是那么有刺激性。 动名词作表语可以与主语交换，而意思不改变，现在分词作表语时则不可以与主语交换，因为现在分词仍然表动作，所以在它前面仍然可以使用very 等副词修饰，现在分词有“令

17、人”的意思。注意：动词-ing形式作表语与进行时态的区别：动词-ing形式作表语表示主语的状态，特征；进行时态表示正在发生的动作。是比较：His job is teaching English. 他的工作是教英语。(说明工作的内容，表语) His job is interesting. 他的工作很有趣。(说明工作的特征，表语) He is teaching Japanese at that school. 他在那所学校教日语。(现在进行时) （3）作宾语：作及物动词的宾语。a. 常见的用动名词作宾语的及物动词：avoid (避免) , admit（承认），allow (允许)，cease (停

18、止) , consider (考虑) , deny (抵赖，否认) , keep, miss, consider, permit, forbid, appreciate（感激）,delay (拖延) , postpone (推迟) ,enjoy (喜欢) , endure (忍受) , escape (逃离) , excuse (原谅) , finish (完成) , imagine (想象) , mind (介意、反对) , miss (错过) , need (需要表被动时) , want (需要表被动时) require (需要表被动时) , practice (练习) , risk (冒

19、险) , stop (停止做某事) , suggest (建议) , can't help (忍不住) , give up (放弃) , keep on (继续) , leave off (结束、省去) , put off (推迟) be busy, be worth, feel like, can't stand, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent(from),keep from, stop（from）,protectfrom, set about, be engaged in, spend(in), succeed in, be

20、 used to（习惯于）, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like，get down to, lead to, be devoted to , devote oneself to, be dedicated to等。例如：She likes drawing very much.He managed to escape suffering from the disease .他设法避免患那种疾病。After hearing the funny story , all of us couldn'

21、t help laughing ear to ear. 听完了那个滑稽故事，我们忍不住大笑了。Excuse my interrupting you for a while .请原谅我打扰你一会儿。Professor Smith considered giving his students a reading list before they started the next chapter.史密斯教授考虑在学生们学习下一章之前给他们一份读书清单。When he came back home from his night shift , Jason tried to avoid wakening

22、 his family当杰逊下夜班回到家时，他尽力不弄醒他的家人。The suspect denied turning on the computer in the office that night.犯罪嫌疑人否认他那晚开过办公室的电脑。The office needs cleaning thoroughly . ( = to be cleaned thoroughly .) 这间办公室需要彻底打扫。The roses in your garden want watering .( = to be watered . ) 你花园里的玫瑰需要浇水。为了方便记忆，现总结一些技巧和口诀： 1通常只

23、能接动词-ing 形式作宾语的动词(或动词短语)： 建议抵制享受(suggest， advise； resist； enjoy) 考虑承认冒险(consider； admit； risk) 避免推迟实践(avoid； delay； practise) 期待成功完成(look forward to； succeed in； finish)b. 有些及物动词后既可用动名词作宾语，也可用不定式作宾语，两种结构在意义上差别不大。常见的有：attempt (打算) , begin (开始) , can't afford (付不起) , can't bear (无法容忍) , contin

24、ue (继续) , deserve (值得) ,hate (不喜欢) , intend (打算) , like（喜欢） , love (爱) , neglect (忽略) , prefer (宁愿) , propose (提议) 等。例如：Do you prefer strolling outside or staying inside ( to stroll outside or to stay inside ) ? 你是想在外面散步，还是想呆在室内 ？I can't afford watching ( to watch ) the game through to the end b

25、ecause I should be at work in thirty minutes .这场比赛我是看不完了，因为半小时后我要上班。I like playing ( to play ) chess with you , but not today .我喜欢和你下棋，但不是今天。When did you begin learning ( to learn ) English ? 你什么时候开始学英文的？Maria intended visiting ( to visit ) her parents last weekend , but she caught by something else

26、 . 上周末，玛莉娅曾打算去看她的父母亲，但却因其他的事而脱不开身。C. 有些及物动词后也是既可用动名词作宾语，也可用不定式作宾语，但是两种结构在意义上存在一定的差别：在like , love , hate , prefer等词后，若表示强调"某种爱好、一般性的倾向"，需用动名词作宾语；如指某次将发生的具体行为，则多用不定式作宾语。例如：She likes dancing more than singing .她喜欢跳舞胜过唱歌。She likes to go dancing with her colleagues this weekend.这个周末她想和同事一块儿去跳舞。

27、Men often hate going window-shopping .男人通常不爱逛商店。Davis hates to talk about that topic at next meeting .戴维斯不想在下次会议上谈那个话题。She prefers swimming to running . 她喜欢游泳而不喜欢跑步。She prefers to go swimming this afternoon .今天下午她要去游泳。在remember,forget, regret后面，接动名词表示"已发生过的动作"；接不定式表示"现在发生或将要发生的动作"

28、; 。例如：I remember having posted the letter today .我记得今天把那封信发出去了。I'll remember to post the letter for you .我会记得帮你将信发出去的。I regret not telling her the truth before she left .我后悔在她离开前告诉她实情。I regret to say I am not prepared well enough for the new post .很遗憾地说，我还没有为新的职位作好充分的准备。在begin , start , 和cease之后

29、，接动名词表示"强调有意识地开始或停止某动作"；不定式则表示"自然、突然地发生的动作"。例如：She began learning to cook before her marriage .她是婚前开始学烧饭的。It began to snow yesterday .昨天开始下雪了。They started developing the new product in 1999 .1999年他们开始研制那种新产品。 No sooner had we arrived home than it started to rain heavily. 我们刚一到家就下

30、起大雨来了。He ceased smoking when he got something wrong with his lung .当他的肺部出了毛病时，他停止吸烟了。Electronic games ceased to interested him after he began to work .他参加工作以后，电子游戏不再使他感兴趣了。 stop后接动名词表示"要停止动名词表示的动作"，而后接不定式则表示"终止目前的动作去做不定式表示的动作" ；try后接动名词表示"试着干某事"，而后接不定式则表示"尽力干某事&quo

31、t; 。例如：Stop talking please . (终止"讲话"的动作)请不要讲话了。Let's stop to take a break . （开始"休息"的动作）让我们停下来休息一会儿。The boy tried installing his computer and succeed at last . （试着"安装" ）那个男孩试着安装他的电脑，最后成功了。I'll try to finish the composition of the book by October .（尽力"完成"

32、; ）我要尽力在十月以前完成这本书的写作。try to do something 与manage to do something 的区别， 前者表示尽力去做并不一定成功，而后者则表示成功了。d. 动名词作介词的宾语，并与介词一起构成介词短语在句子里担当定语、状语、表语，如：I'm looking forward to your coming next time . （作状语） 我期待着您下一次的到来。On hearing our delegation in Sydney had won 28 gold medals , all the Chinese people cheered up

33、 with great joy and showed their great respects to our athletes . （作状语）当听到我国在悉尼的奥运代表团获得了28块金牌时，全中国人民都高兴地欢呼起来，并向我们的运动健儿们表示崇高的敬意。The simplest kind of advertising is the classified ad .（作定语）最简单的广告是分类广告。They are against using so many animals in experiments .（作表语）他们反对用如此多的动物去做试验。另外，在说明"动名词的动作状态"

34、;方面，我们有一般式和完成式。当我们要强调说明"动名词动作"发生于"谓语动作"之前时，多用动名词的完成式；如果无意具体说明"动名词动作"发生于什么时候，或是"动名词动作"与"谓语动作"是同时发生时，就只用动名词的一般式。例如：He is fond of watching sports-games .（一般式）他喜欢观看体育竞赛。She likes making herself busy all the day .（一般式）她喜欢使自己终日忙忙碌碌的。The secretary was scold

35、ed for not having finished typing the report in time .（完成式）那位秘书因没有按时将报告打印出来而受责备。I regret having said some rude words to my brother .（完成式）我后悔对我弟弟说了些粗话。We have no idea of their having done such kind of thing（完成式）我们不知道他们干过这种事情。当然，上面所将的也并不是绝对的。有些动词后（或成语中），我们也可用动名词的一般式表示发生于"谓语动作"之前的"动名词动作&

36、quot;。例如：I don't remember ever seeing her any time .我不记得曾几何时见过她。He apologized for interrupting us .他因打断了我们的谈话而向我们道歉。Thank you for offering me so much help .感谢你们给我提供了这么多的帮助。当动名词在句子中的逻辑主语在意义上是动名词动作的宾语时，我们应当用动名词的被动形式。 "being + 过去分词"是动名词被动式的一般形式；"having + been + " 是动名词被动式的完成形式。例如

37、：People hate being praised for nothing .人们不喜欢无缘无故的赞扬。The problem is far from being solved .这问题远没得到解决。His being elected our chairman made us think of a lot .他当选为我们的主席使我们想起了许多许多。She didn't mind being left alone at home .她不介意被一人留在家里。After having been treated in the special way, he could deal with e

38、verything around him smoothly .他接受了特殊化的训练后，能顺利地对付他周围的一切。He can't remember having been scolded by his boss for that matter . 他不记得老板曾为那件事责备过他。但是在很多情况下，我们常用动名词的一般被动形式；避免使用动名词被动式的完成形式，因为它会使句子显得累赘。最后，还有一点值得我们注意：want（需要）, need（需要）, deserve（值得）, require（需要）be worth(值得)等词后，我们用动名词的主动形式表达被动意思。例如：Your car

39、needs filling . 你这车要充气了。This city deserves visiting . 这座城市值得光顾一下。The problem requires studying carefully .这个问题需要认真研究。The trees want watering .这些树需要浇水了。The book is worth reading . 这本书值得一读。既能接不定式，又能接动词-ing 形式，但意思不同的动词或词组： 即“四'记”“尽力”“停止后悔”。四“记”指“记得、记住（remember）”；“忘记（forget）”“计划、打算（mean）”；“继续（go on)

40、”；尽力指“try”；“停止”“后悔”指stop与regret。do+限定词（my, some, any, the等）+ -ing，表示“做事”之意，如：We often do our cleaning on Saturday afternoon. Will you do any shopping on Saturday this afternoon?作介词的宾语：Her sister is good at learning physics.； 作形容词worth, busy等的宾语：This book is well worth reading. ing作宾语带有宾语补足语时，要用it作为形

41、式宾语，而将作宾语的-ing后置，如：We found it no good talking like that. Do you think it necessary trying again?（4）作定语：动名词作定语的情况并不是很普遍，因为多数情况仅限于单个的动名词作定语。这种情况与单个的现在分词作定语有较大的区别：单个的动名词作定语主要是说明被修饰词的用途等； 而单个的现在分词作定语则主要是表示被修饰词正在做什么。请看下面的比较：swimming pool 游泳池( the pool for swimming) working people 劳动人民( the people who ar

42、e working) reading material 阅读材料 sleeping child 熟睡孩子 walking stick 手杖 floating needle 浮针 opening speech 开幕词 oppressing class压迫阶级 listening aid 助听器 developing countries 发展中国家 waiting room 候车室 running water 自来水 The sleeping child is only five years old. Do you know the man standing at the gate? 注：-ing

43、形式作定语用时，如果-ing只是一个单词，就位于其修饰的名词之前，如果是-ing短语，就位于其修饰的名词之后，-ing作定语时，被-ing所修饰的名词就是该-ing的逻辑主语。另外，-ing作定语用时，其动作和句子谓语动词所表示的动作是同时进行的，如果不是同时进行的，就不能用-ing作定语，要使用定语从句，如：The girl who wrote a letter there yesterday can speak English very well.（5）作宾语补足语：下列动词可接v-ing form 作宾语的补足语。a. 感官动词，使役动词：feel, hear, look at, lis

44、ten to, notice, observe , see, watch, have, make可接-ing form 作宾语的补足语。如：I heard her singing in the next door? 当时我听见她在隔壁唱歌吗？I watched them playing volleyball on the playing ground. 我观看他们在操场上打排球。Dont have your guest standing there and ask him to sit down. 不要让客人站在那里, 请他入坐。b. 动词find, get, keep, leave, sen

45、d，suggest可接v-ing form 作宾语的补足语。如：I found the missing boy playing by the river. 我发现那个失踪的男孩在河边玩。We can see steam rising from the wet clothes. 注：当-ing在复合宾语中作宾语补足语用时，句中宾语就是这个-ing的逻辑主语，可以带有这种复合宾语的动词有see, watch, hear, observe, feel, find, have, keep等。（6）作状语：V-ing form 在句子中做状语，表示谓语动词所发生的时间、原因、条件、让步、方式、伴随、目的

46、、程度和结果。如：a. 作时间状语Having cleaned the house, she went on to help her mother pick apples. 把房子打扫后，她又继续帮助母亲摘苹果。Having had his breakfast, he began to look for work again. 吃过早餐后，他又开始去寻找工作。Seeing Tom, I couldnt help thinking of his brother.其前一般可加when或while，如：When crossing street, you must be careful. b. 作原因

47、状语Being ill, he didnt go to school yesterday.Not knowing English, they found it very difficult to communicate with the people in America. 由于不懂英语，他发现在美国跟人们交流很困难。Not knowing his address, I cant send this book to him. 因为不知道他的地址，我不能把这本书送给他。Getting up late, he missed his early train. 由于起床晚了，他没有赶上早班火车。c.

48、作条件状语Living in a polluted environment, people may fall ill easily. 如果生活在受污染的环境中，人们很容易生病。Loving others, you will be loved by others. 如果你爱他人，你就会得到他人的爱。d. 作让步状语Being at school or at home, she is a good girl. 不管是在学校还是在家，她都是个好姑娘。Talking or acting, he is very honest. 无论是说话还是做事，他都很诚实。e. 作方式状语He went there

49、riding his bike. 他骑单车去那里。They make money selling fruits. 他们靠卖水果挣钱。f. 作伴随状语He used to sit there thinking. 过去他常坐在那里思考。He walked along the river singing in a low voice. 他一边沿着河边走一边低声唱着歌儿。They stood there for half an hour， watching the stars in the sky. 他们在那儿站了半小时，观察着天上的星星。 Following the old man, the you

50、ng people started walking slowly. 年轻人跟在老人的后面开始慢慢地走起来。g. 作目的状语。作目的状语的-ing form 一般是表示所从事的活动方面的动词，如：boating, climbing, fishing, hunting, riding, sailing, shopping, shooting, skating, skiing, swimming, walking, washing等 。I often go shopping with mother on Sundays. 星期天我常跟妈妈买东西。Will you please go skating

51、with me this afternoon? 今天下午跟我去滑冰好吗？h. 作程度状语。作程度状语时，常用来修饰形容词或副词。如：He was caught in the heavy rain and got his clothes soaking wet. 他淋了一场大雨，把衣服全部弄湿了。He wore his thin coat in freezing cold days and fell ill soon. 他在冰冷的天还穿着单薄的大衣，不久就病倒了。i. 作结果状语He cut down the trees in front of his house, having its roo

52、f blown off by strong wind. 他把房前的树给砍了，结果大风把房顶刮走了。He died, leaving his wife and children nothing but great debt. 他死了，留给妻子和孩子的只有巨大的债负。另外，V-ing可以和一些介词如in, on, after, against, before, by, for, without, besides等构成短语，在句中作状语。如： He left ahead of time without saying a word. 他一句话也没说就提前离开了。 Besides cooking and

53、 sewing, she had to take care of four children. 除了做饭和缝纫以外，她还要照顾四个孩子。 On hearing the news, all the pupils jumped with joy. 听到这个消息后，所有的学生都高兴得跳了起来。(7) 作同位语V-ing form 作同位语时，位于同位的名词之后，且跟前面的名词用逗号隔开，表示前面名词的内容。如：His idea, helping farmers get in their crops, interested us very much. 他那帮助农民收割庄稼的想法使我们很感兴趣。The

54、goal, making two thousand cars this mouth, excites the workers. 本月生产两千辆小汽车的目标使工人们很兴奋。3. -ing形式的复合结构。 根据句子意思的需要，有时须在-ing form 前加上适当的逻辑主语，这种逻辑主语与-ing form 一起就构成了-ing form 的复合结构。(1) v-ing form 的复合结构形式a. 一般说来，v-ing form 的复合结构是由形容词性的物主代词或名词的所有格与v-ing form 构成。如：His ( Li Leis ) singing / writing / painting

55、 attracts many people. 他的唱歌 / 写字 / 绘画吸引了很多人。b. 当-ing form 的复合结构作宾语时，v-ing form 的复合结构也可用人称代词的宾格或名词的普通格与v-ing form 构成。如：The teacher suggested us / our / Li Lei / Li Leis waiting for Wu Dong at the station. 老师建议我们 / 李蕾在车站等吴东。Do you mind me / my / Li Lei / Li Leis reading aloud in the classroom? 我 / 李蕾在

56、教室里大声朗读你介意吗？动词be的v-ing 形式的复合结构不管是作主语还是作宾语，它的复合结构都必须是形容词性物主代词或名词的所有格与v-ing form 构成。如(from )：His / The teachers being there made me very tense. 他 / 老师的在那儿使我非常紧张。c. 在there be / stand / lie / exist 结构中，系动词v-ing 形式的逻辑主语为：there。而没有主格、宾格之分。I didnt enter the room because of there being too many people in it

57、. 由于房间里有很多人，我没有进去。d. 当不定代词all, both, each, few, some, this等作动词ing 形式的逻辑主语时，就用它们的普通形式。如：All glittering is not gold. 闪光的不都是金子。I dont like this being cooked this way. 我不喜欢这东西这么煮。(2) V-ing的复合结构的功能： V-ing的复合结构通常由物主代词、人称代词宾格、名词所有格或者名词的普通格+V-ing构成，在句子开头时必须用物主代词和名词所有格，在句子中可作句子的主语、宾语和表语。a. 作主语 如： His being i

58、ll troubled his parents. 他的生病给他的父母亲带来了麻烦。Their coming made us very happy. 他们的到来使我们大家很高兴。His coming made us very happy. 他的到来使我们大家都很高。 b. 作宾语We dont like his coming late. 我们不喜欢他迟到。I dont mind him singing at night. 我不介意他夜里唱歌。He was awakened by someones knocking at the door. 他被某人的敲门声吵醒了。 c. 作表语What matters most is his acting. 关系最大的是他的行为。What surprised us most is his speaking. 使我们最吃惊的是他的发言。4. -ing form 的一些惯用法在英语实际交际中，还有一些特殊用法或句型。如：(1) There be no doing = It is impossible to do 。如：Th