非谓语(教师用)

1、12届高三英语一轮复习语法非谓语动词（教师版）1、 非谓语动词的形式1. 不定式：_to do_ _to be done_ _to be doing_ _to have done_ _to have been done_2. 动名词：_doing_ _being done_ _having done_ _having been done_3. 分词： 现在分词 _ doing_ _ being done_ _having done_ _ having been done_ 过去分词 _done_二、非谓语动词的句法功能 成分形式主语宾语宾语补足语表语定语状语不定式动名词分词三、非谓语动词的用法

2、要点1、不定式、分词作定语的用法要点不定式例句：不定式用法：a).The car to be bought is for his sister.1. 不定式作定语表将来。b). She was the first woman to win the gold medal.2. 不定式用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any等限定的中心词。c). The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.d). He had no money and no place to live (in).3. 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词时，不定式后须有相应的

3、介词。但是不定式所修饰的名词如果是time, place 或 way 时不定式后面的介词习惯上省去。e). Did you have anything to send?f). Did you have anything to be sent?4. e). 句中不定式to send的动作执行者是 “你”。 f). 句中不定式to be sent 的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”分词例句：分词用法a). The house being built are for the teachers.b). Things lost never come again!c). The tree standing o

4、ver there is old.1. 作定语的分词形式为：doing, being done, done。当被修饰的名词与分词为主动关系时，用doing, 当被修饰的名词与分词为被动关系且表正在进行时，用being done, 当被修饰的名词与分词为被动关系且表完成时，用done.d). boiling / boiled water falling / fallen leaves2. 作定语的不及物动词分词形式为 v-ing和过去分词。v-ing表示正在进行，过去分词表示已经完成。比较：e). Have you read the novel written by Dickens?f). Li

5、sten! The song being sung is very popular with the students.g). The question to be discussed at tomorrows meeting is a very important one.3. 作定语的done 表被动，完成（e）；being done 表被动，正在进行(f)；to be done表被动，将来(g)。2. 不定式、分词作状语的用法要点不定式例句：不定式用法：a). Helen had to shout to / in order to / so as to make herself hear

6、d above the sound of the music.1. 不定式作状语表目的。b). He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left.2. 不定式作状语表意外的结果。分词例句：分词用法：a). When offered help, one often says “Thank you.” or “Its kind of you.”b). Sepatated from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and an

7、imals not found in any other country in the world.c). Generally speaking, taken according to the directions, the drug has so side effect.d). Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake.e). Granny sat in an armchair, watching TV.f). He glanced over at her, noting that though she w

8、as tiny, she seemed very well put together.g). She came running.1. 分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间（a），原因 (b)，条件 (c)，让步 (d)，伴随 (e)，结果 (f) 和方式 (g)。2. 分词作状语的基本原则： 分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。3. 分词作状语的形式及意义： 1). doing 与句中主语为逻辑上的主动关系， 与句中谓语动词同时发生； 2). being done 与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系，与句中谓语同时发生； 3). having done 与句中主语为逻辑上的主动关系

9、，先于谓语动词发生； 4). having been done 与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系，先于谓语动词发生； 5). done 与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系，先于谓语动词发生。h). Judging from his accent, he is from the 4. 总结常见的独立成分：generally speaking,south. frankly speaking, judging from / byi). Considering your health, youd better have considering, takinginto consideration,a rest.

10、to tell you the truth, given 等。j). To tell you the truth, I am a little tired.k). The test finished(=When the test was finished), we began our holiday.l). Weather permitting(= If weather permits), we are going to visit you tomorrow.5. 非谓语动词在句中作状语时，带有自己的逻辑主语，叫做独立主格。 构成：名词（代词）+ 分词 名词（代词）+ 不定式 名词（代词）+

11、形容词 名词（代词）+ 副词 名词（代词）+ 介词短语3. 不定式、分词作宾语补足语的用法要点1). 感官动词加宾补例句：感官动词加宾补用法a). I heard her sing an English song just now.b). I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.c). I heard an English song being sung by a little girl when I passed by her room yesterday.d). Id like to s

12、ee the plan carried out.a). 主动，完成。b). 主动，正在进行。c). 被动，正在进行。d). 被动，无时间性 感官动词see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, notice, feel和使役动词have后面的宾补有两种情况：（1）当宾语与宾语补足语之间存在逻辑上的主动关系时，需用动词原形及doing。动词原形表完成，doing表正在进行。（2）当宾语与宾语补足语之间存在逻辑上的被动关系时，需用done及 being done。done表示完成或没有一定的时间性，being done表正在进行。 2). leave

13、 加宾补例句2). leave 加宾补用法a). Its wrong of you to leave the machine running.b). The guests left most of the dishes untouched, because they didnt taste delicious.c). He left, leaving me to do all the rest work.d). We hurried ended our meeting, leaving many problems to be settled. (1). leave sb. doing 让某人一

14、直做某事（宾语与宾语补足语之间是逻辑上的主动关系，表示动作正在进行）(2). leave sth. undone 留下某事未做（宾语与宾语补足语之间是逻辑上的被动关系，表示被动和完成），一般以undone, unfinished, unsettled, untouched为多。(3). leave sb. to do 留下某人做某事 不定式表将来的动作 leave sth. to be done留下某事要做3). have, get加宾补例句3). have, get加宾补用法a). Ill have/ get my bike repaired tomorrow.b). Tom had his

15、 leg broken while playing football. Mr. Smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday.c). The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest. The captain had the soldiers moving toward the front for a long time.d). Mother had me go / got me to go to the shop and b

16、uy some salt.(1). have sth. done = get sth. done 使/让某事由别人去做 (a)(2). have sth. done 还可表示“使遭受”之意 (b)(3). have sb / sth doing让某人/物持续做(c) get sb / sth doing使某人/物开始做(4). have sb. do sth. = get sb. to do sth. 使/让某人去做某事 (d)4). catch +宾语 + doing例句4). catch +宾语 +doing用法The police caught him stealing a car.当场

17、抓住（某人正在做坏事）5). send + 宾语+ doing例句5). send + 宾语+ doing用法The explosion sent glass flying everywhere.使迅速地，失控地移动4. 不定式、动名词作宾语的用法要点不定式作宾语不定式作宾语用法1). 总结动词只能用不定式作宾语1). decide / determine, learn, want, expect / hope / wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask / beg, help,

18、 afford, happen, threaten 2). a). He showed us how to do the work. (=He showed us how we should do the work.) b). I dont know what to do. (= I dont know what I should do.) 不定式作动词tell, know, understand, explain, teach, learn, advise, discuss, ask, decide, wonder, find out 等的宾语时， 前面常带引导词how, what, whe

19、ther, where, when, who等。注意：此用法中的不定式的逻辑主语需与主句的主语或宾语保持一致，否则用宾语从句。动名词作宾语动名词作宾语用法1）总结动词只能用动名词作宾语1）consider, suggest / advise, excuse, pardon, admit, delay, avoid, miss, keep, practice, deny, finish, enjoy / appreciate, forbid, allow / permit, imagine, risk, mind, escape等2). 总结动词短语只能用动名词作宾语2). be used to

20、, lead to, devote to, stick to, object to, get down to, pay attention to, cant stand等3). 总结动词或动词短语既能用动名词作宾语又能用不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别。3). to do 忘记要做某事forget doing 忘记已经做过某事 to do 记住要做某事remember doing 记住已经做过某事 to do遗憾要做某事regret doing遗憾已经做过某事 to do停下来去做另一件事stop doing 停止做某事 to do努力做某事try doing 尝试做某事 to do打算做某事me

21、an doing 意味着做某事 to do （做完某事）接着做另一件事go on doing （=go on with sth.）继续做同一件事 (to) do sth.不能帮助做某事cant help doing sth.情不自禁做某事4）The window needs / requires / wants cleaning / to be cleaned. doing need / require / want 需要 to be done worth visiting5）This place is to be visited worthy a visitof being visited5）worth + doing / 名词 to be done worthy 名词 of being done四. 非谓语动词常考点1）This book is difficult to understand. 1).