直接引语和间接引语用法及练习(含答案)

1、直接引语和间接引语直接引语变为间接引语时，人称代词要根据转述人的立场作相应变动。人称代词的变动情况要根据语境及转述人的不同作相应变化，一般情况下，与汉语中的变化相同。可记住一个口诀：一主、二宾、三不变 b即第一人称按照主句中的主语变化，第二人称按照主句中的宾语变化，第三人称一般不需要变化。例如： 1) He said, lam glad to see you. II He said that he was glad to see me.2) Dyou know the man over there? Miry said to Tom.t Mary asked Tom if he knew th

2、e man over there.3) Jim said to me, Jandeft her schoolbag at home.IIt Jim told me that Jane had left her schoolbag at home.2、时态的变化(1)主句的谓语动词是一般过去时直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时(不变)一般将来时过去将来时般将来进行时过去将来进行时一般将来完成时过去将来完成时如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化。直接引语改为间接引

3、语时，动词时态相应变化表：He said, -usually watch TV on Sunday.他说： 我常在星期天看电视。t He said that he usually watched TV on Su nday.他说他常在星期天看电视。He said, m usi ng the kn ife. 他说： 我正在用小刀。IIt He said that he was usi ng the kn ife. 他说他正在用小刀。She said, have not heard from him si nee May.她说：I从五月份来我就没有收到他的来信。IIt She said that

4、she had not heard from him si nee May.她说自从五月份以来她就没收到他的来信。He said , came to help you. 他说： 我来帮助你。IIt He said that he had come to help me.他说他来帮助我。注意：直接引语如果是客观真理、名人名言、与一个具体的过去时间连用说明客观事实时，变为间接引语时，时态不变。The teacher said,讦he earth is round.I老师说：地球是圆的。IItThe teacher said that the earth isround.老师说地球是圆的。(2 )主

5、句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时(3)如果主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一律不变He says, Hfinished the work.他说： 我做完工作了。IIHe says that he fini shed the work.他说他做完工作了。He will say, 十have watered the flowers. 他会说： 我己经浇花了。IIHe will say he has watered the flowers.他会说他己经浇花了。3、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语的相应变化直接引语间接引语指示代词this/thesethat/those时间状语no

6、w then todaythat dayths)week (mon th)the)week (month)beforetoni ghtthat ni ghtthis week (month Yesterdaythe day before last week (monthtwo weeks (mon th)agotwo weeks (mon ths)beforetomorrowthe next dayn ext week (monthth® next week (month)地点状语 herethere动 词 come-goBring-takeHe said, -My sister w

7、as here three days ago.I他说： 十三天前我妹妹在这儿。IIt He said that his sister had bee n there three days before.他说三天前他妹妹在那儿。(here t there; ago t before)She said,十 will come here this evening.她说：十今晚我将来这儿。IIt She said that she would go there that evening.她说那晚她将去那儿。(come tgo ； here t there ; this t that )以上这些变化，要

8、根据说话的具体时间和具体地点的情况而定，不可机械照搬。 如果就在当地转述，here就不必改为there, come也不必改为go,如果就在当天转 述，yesterday或tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变。二、当直接引语是陈述句时直接引语是陈述句时，间接引语用that引导，但在口语中that可以省去。从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语等要作相应的变化。例如： She said to me, -Icame back an hour ago. IItShe said to/told me that she had come back an hour before.三、当直接引语是一

9、般疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句时1疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。2、 主句中的谓语动词为said时，要改为asked ;没有间接宾语时，可以加一个间接宾语(女口 me， him 等)。3、句末用句号。4、从句中的人称、动词时态和状语等也要作相应的变化。5、 原句若为一般疑问句时，用whether或if转述; He said, Areyou interested inEnglish? IIt He asked (me) if /whether I was in terested in En glish.6 .原句若为选择疑问句时，用whether orMot： orI asked him, Wiy

10、ou stay at home or go to a film toni ght?IIt i asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that ni ght.7.原句若为反意疑问句，则常用whether或if转述。 You' vedready got well, haven'tyou? II she asked tShe asked (me) whether/if I had already got well.四、当直接引语是特殊疑问句时如果直接引语是特殊疑问句，改为间接引语时，仍用原句中的wh-类的词引导

11、，其余的变化同直接引语为一般疑问句的情况25条一样。例如： Whats your name? he asked me. t He asked me what my name was.He asked: Whereare you to get off, Peter? IIt He asked Peter where he was to get off.如果在直接引语的特殊疑问句中，疑问词作主语或主语的修饰语，则语序不需要变化。例如： Whosqoicture is the most beautiful in yourclass? asked the boy 'father.tThe bo

12、y'sfather asked him whose picture was the most beautiful in his class.五、当直接引语是祈使句时直接引语为祈使句，变为间接引语可用如下的结构语+asked sb. (not) to do sth. I。1需将原祈使句中谓语动词变成不定式。如果祈使句为否定句，则用不定式的否定形式，即在不定式前加 not。2、原主句谓语动词 said须改为asked , told或ordered等含有祈使意义的能带宾补的及物动词。ask sb. (not) to do sth.表示客气)tell sb. (not) to do sth.(

13、命令性强于上面)order sb. (n ot) to do sth.(命令性最强)例如：He said, Don make so much noise. t Hb told us not to make so much noise.3、原句有一please寸，主句谓语多用 asked (请求)，并去掉 please。例如：He said to me, Shuthe window, please. tHe asked me to shut the window.4如果以let开头的祈使句表示劝告或建议，可用一sugges+ that从句或一suggestloingII来转述。例如： Let g

14、Otothe cinema. Tom said. Tom suggested going to the cinema.t Tom suggested that they should go to the cin ema.六、直接引语是感叹句时直接引语是感叹句变间接引语时仍可用what或how引导，词序不变，也可用 that引导,将句子变成相应的名词性从句。例如：She said, Whata lovely day it is! TShe said what a lovely day it was.t She said that it was a lovely day.He askedfor t

15、he computer.did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid2. Havyou seen the film ? Ihe asked me. t He asked me.A. had I seen the film B. have I seen the filmC. if I have seen the film D. whether I had seen the film3. Pleasclose the win dow, hellsaid to me. t Hemethe

16、win dow.A. said to; to close B. told to; clos ing C. asked to close D. said to; please close4. Iam a teacher, Jadk said. t He said.A. that I am a teacher B. I was a teacher C. that he is a teacher D. he was a teacher5. He said, Mother,the boy is very n aughty. THe - very n aughty.A. said his mother

17、that the boy was B. said to his mother that the boy isC. told his mother that the boy was D. spoke to his mother that the boy was You already got well, haven you? she asked.t She asked.A. if I have already got well, had n ' you B. whether I had already got wellC. have I already got well D. had I

18、 already got well.He asked ,Are you a Party member or a League member? IIt He asked me.A. am I a Party member or a League memberB. was I a Party member or a League memberC. if I was a Party member or a League memberD. whether was I a Party member or a League member.He asked, Howre you gettingalong?

19、T|He asked.A. how am I gett ing along B. how are you getti ng alongC. how I was gett ing along D. how was I gett ing along9. He asked mewith me.A. what the matter is B. what the mater wasC. what ' thsmatter D. what was the matterHe said, Don do that aga in. Hellmethat aga in.A. said to me; not t

20、o do B. said to me; don ' doC. told me; don ' doD. told me; not to do11. He askedfor the violi n.A. did I pay how much B. I paid how muchC. how much did I pay D. how much I paid12. Can you make surethe gold ring?A. where Alice has put B. where had Alice putC. where Alice had put D. where has

21、 Alice put13. These photos will show you .what does our village look like B. what our village looks likeC. how our village look like D. how our village looks likeYou can 'imtagine when they received these nice Christmas presents. A.how they were excited B. how excited they wereC. how excited wer

22、e they D. they were how excited she said suggested that she hadn 'detcided to go or not. A. What, if B. That, whether C. What, whether D. What, whichever16. I 'alslk my parents .A. whether they will agree to go B. if they let me goC. if they will let me go D. whether they allow me to17. -Do

23、you mind if Jim will come to help?-I reallydon 'kntow a person like him can help me with.A. what B. that C. how D. ifHe asked me if .the train will late B. the train always arrived lateC. the train arrives on time D. the train stops hereIt is said in the book that Thomas Edison (1847-1931) the w

24、orldleading inventor for sixty years.A. would be B. has been C. had been D. was20. -Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on. -Where was I?-You you didn 'likteyour fatherj'obs.A. had saidB. said C. were sayingD. had been saying31. He asked me I would go to Beijing by air the next day.A. that if B. if C. that whether D. how32. Joyce, pleasedon 'opten the window.Pardon?I o p e n the window.A. tell you don 'tB. tell you not to C. told yo