北京市2017-2019年三年中考英语试题分类汇编：根据短文内容回答问题(含参考解析)

1、根据短文内容回答问题2017八、阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题. （共10分，每小题2分） 61. What's in a Name ?Many American names come from England . But where did most English names come from ?Centuries ago, most people in England had only one name their first name . In the 11th century , five or six of the 50people in a village might

2、be named William , and it was easy to get confused . But in the Middle Ages, people found a way to describe each person exactly . If there were four Williams in one village , one might be referred to as William the son of John . A second might be called William from the hill . A third , William the

3、blacksmith （铁匠）.And a fourth , William the brown haired . In conversation , people might refer to the four Williams as William John's son , William hill , William smith , and William brown .It was 300or 400years before the extra （ 附力口的）names gradually developed into last names, orsurnames. They

4、were passed on from generation to generation . By the 1300s, Robert, the son of William smith , had the name Robert smith , even if he was not a blacksmith like his father . As the last name became widely accepted , the first letter was capitalized , as in Robert Smith . By the 15th century , most p

5、eople of the upper and middle classes had surnames.Many surnames were based on father son relations. The"son of'part was added to the father's first name, like Johnson , meaning John's son, Sometimes it was shortened to just"s" , as in Jones or Evans. Surnames like Hill de

6、scribed the place where a person lived . They are the most common type of surname . A third kind of surname was based on a person's job , Forester was someone who looked after the forest . In the Middle Ages , occupation names such as Baker, Carpenter, and Miller became common . The fourth kind

7、of surname was nickname （绰号）.A man whose surname was Bear might be as fierce as a bear.Have you ever wondered why some surnames are so common ? The most common surname in the English language is Smith . Being able to make metals （金属）into tools was an important skill in the Middle Ages , and many peo

8、ple were trained as blacksmiths . The most common American surnames are Smith , Johnson, William and Brown .61. Where do many American names come from ?62. When did people find a way to describe each person exactly ?63. How long did it take for extra names to develop into last names ?64. What is the

9、 fourth paragraph mainly about ?65. Why were many people trained blacksmith in the Middle Ages ?八、阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题.（共10分，每小题2分）61. What's in a Name ?Many American names come from England . But where did most English names come from ?Centuries ago, most people in England had only one name their fi

10、rst name . In the 11th century , five or six of the 50people in a village might be named William , and it was easy to get confused . But in the Middle Ages, people found a way to describe each person exactly . If there were four Williams in one village , one might be referred to as William the son o

11、f John . A second might be called William from the hill . A third , William the blacksmith （铁匠）.And a fourth , William the brown haired . In conversation , people might refer to the four Williams as William John's son , William hill , William smith , and William brown .It was 300or 400years befo

12、re the extra （ 附力口的）names gradually developed into last names, orsurnames. They were passed on from generation to generation . By the 1300s, Robert, the son of William smith , had the name Robert smith , even if he was not a blacksmith like his father . As the last name became widely accepted , the

13、first letter was capitalized , as in Robert Smith . By the 15th century , most people of the upper and middle classes had surnames.Many surnames were based on father son relations. The"son of'part was added to the father's first name, like Johnson , meaning John's son, Sometimes it

14、was shortened to just"s" , as in Jones or Evans. Surnames like Hill described the place where a person lived . They are the most common type of surname . A third kind of surname was based on a person's job , Forester was someone who looked after the forest . In the Middle Ages , occupa

15、tion names such as Baker, Carpenter, and Miller became common . The fourth kind of surname was nickname （绰号）.A man whose surname was Bear might be as fierce as a bear.Have you ever wondered why some surnames are so common ? The most common surname in the English language is Smith . Being able to mak

16、e metals （金属）into tools was an important skill in the Middle Ages , and many people were trained as blacksmiths . The most common American surnames are Smith , Johnson, William and Brown .62. Where do many American names come from ?63. When did people find a way to describe each person exactly ?64.

17、How long did it take for extra names to develop into last names ?65. What is the fourth paragraph mainly about ?66. Why were many people trained blacksmith in the Middle Ages ?【考点】P7:阅读表达.【分析】短文主要介绍了美国人的名字以及英国人的名字尤其是姓的来源，以及名字背后的意义等.【解答】 答案：61. England .细节理解题.根据第二段句子 Many American names come from Eng

18、land .许多美国人的名字来自英国.可知来自英国.故答案为England .62 .In the middle ages.细节理解题.根据第三段第二行句子But in the Middle Ages , people found a wayto describe each person exactly.但在中世纪，人们找到了一种方法来描述每个人.可知是中世纪.故答 案为 In the middle ages.63.300 or 400 years ,细节理解题.根据第四段句子It was 3000r 400years before the extra （附加的）names gradually

19、 developed into last names, or surnames,过了 300 或者 400 年，这些名字逐渐发展成姓， 或者姓氏.可知是过了300或者400年，故答案为300 or 400 years.64. Many surnames were based on father- son relation .细节理解题. 根据第四段内容及其Many surnameswere based on father son relations . The"son of'part was added to the father's first name , lik

20、e Johnson , meaning John's son.许多姓氏是以父子关系为基础的，"部分的儿子名字"被添加到父亲的第一个名字，像约翰逊，意思是约翰的儿子.可知主要讲的是许多姓氏都是基于父子关系的.故答案为Many surnameswere based on father son relation .65. Because being able to make metals into tools was an important still in the Middle Ages . 细节理解题. 根 据最后一段句子 The most common surna

21、me in the English language is Smith . Being able to make metals （金 属）into tools was an important skill in the Middle Ages , and many people were trained as blacksmiths . 可知 因为在中世纪能够使金属工具是重要的.故答案为Because being able to make meyals into tools was an important still in the Middle Ages .2018四、阅读短文，根据短文内容

22、回答问题.（共10分，每小题2分）When it comes to the letter grade on your test or homework, you might notice that there is no letter E.Have you ever thought about why that is so?in this system simply stands forIn the A, B, C, D and F grading system, the first four letters are typically considered passing grades. A

23、n F"fail ” .The word " fail " happens to start with the letter F, which seems to kout the letter E. The fact . Some schools have U grade for “ unsatisfactory ” ,or I grade for a incompleteEven with all this said, we should also point out that E grade actually has beenused pretty commo

24、nly throughout the history of letter grades in the US.The first college in the US to use a letter grading system like the ones we use today is Mount Holyoke College. In 1897,they began to use the following grading scale:A: 95-100%(excellent)B: 85-94%(good)C: 76-84%(fair)D: 75%(barely passed) E: belo

25、w 75%(failed)We can see the inclusion of E instead of F.Gradually,the letter grading system became more popular throughout the US. However, many schools decided to drop the E grade and go straight to F.There is no evidence(证据)to really support this,but one possible explanation is that teachers were

26、worried that some students and parents might mistake E for “excellent ".Why do we have letter grades? Well,part of the reason is that they made grading simpler during a time of great change for schools. As the 20th century began,growing cities and an increase in immigration led to larger school

27、 classrooms. Most teachers at that time thought this new letter grading system was an easy,fair and clear way to grade students.Today,more and more people argue that letter grades don ' t fully reflect反映)student learning。However, as teachers try to improve grading methods,many parents continue t

28、o favor the letter grades they got as kids, they are familiar(熟悉)and easy for parents to understand. So while they might not be perfect, the letter grades probably aren ' t going away any time soon.34 .what does an F stand for in the A、B、C、D and F grading system?35 .when was the letter grading s

29、ystem first used in the US college?36 .what is one possible explanation for dropping the E grade?37 .what did most teachers think of the letter grading system in the 20th century?38 .why do many parents still prefer the letter grades today?34. 【解题思路】本题考查细节题。定位关键词 “林口 "standsfor到 文章第二段第二句，故正确答 案

30、为 It stands for "fail ".35.正确答案In 1897.【解题思路】第四段二句，故正确答案为In 1897.36. 正确答案 Teachers were worried that some students and parents might mistake E for“ excellent'【解题思路】本题考查细节题。定位关键词"dropping the E grade和'“one possible explanation ,到文章第六段第二句和第三句正确答案为Teachers were worried that some

31、students and parents might mistake Efor “ excellent".37. 【正确答案】They thought this new letter grading $ easy, fair and clear way to grade students.【解题思路】本题考查细关 ceniury到倒数第 二段，然后再通过定位teachers到本段最后一句，故正确 答案为 thought this new letter grading system was an easy, fair and clear way to grade students.38

32、. 【正确答案】Because the letter grades are familiar and easy for parents to understand.【解题思路】本题考查细节题。定位关键词J'tody"择适'Nny parents定位到最后一段第三句故正确答案为 38.Because the letter grades are familiar and easy for parents to understand2019四、阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。（共10分，每小题2分）Huge Waves Destroying Arctic Ice Faste

33、r than ExpectedIce covers much of the Arctic Ocean（北冰洋）.Some pieces of ice are huge, like moving islands. As temperatures have increased, however, some of the ice has begun to disappear. Scientists have discovered huge waves（海浪）in the arctic waters.The waves were discovered by accident in May, 2010.

34、 Scientist Aleksey Marchenko and his students set out on a trip. They wanted to study the icy waters.On May 2, the ship traveled east and stopped next to a large chunk of ice around 50 miles from the small island of Hopen. Marchenko prepared to lead his students out onto the ice.“We were ready to go

35、 but when I went out, I discovered many cracks（裂缝）around, " he remembers.He decided to move the ship deeper into the ice to keep safe. The farther in they went, he thought, the harder the ice would become. As they pushed forward, however, the ship experienced small waves, and then bigger ones.

36、Soon, the waves broke up the ice around the ship into thousands of smaller pieces.Within an hour, Marchenko and his team saw a wave that was about 13 feet high. The ship' snavigation（航行）system finally recorded the largest waves. They were more than 20 feet in height. The waves were so strong that they forced huge pieces of ice to jump up and down, breaking the ice into smaller pieces within just one hour. Scientists had never