语法专题六_动词的时态_(6)

1、专题六时态和语态时态 英语中不同时间和方式发生的动作或状态要用谓语动词的不同形式来表示，这种表示动作或状态发生时间和方式的动词形式称作动词时态。时间主要有四个主要部分，即现在、过去、将来和过去将来。动作方面也有四种，即一般、完成、进行和完成进行。中学课本中常见的时态有以下几种：时态构成用法一般现在时主语动词(单数第三人称 s或es)表示现在的特征、状态、经常性动作或客观事实等现在进行时主语 am (is，are)现在分词表示说话时正在进行的动作或现阶段正在进行的动作现在将来时(1)主语will(shall)动词原形(2)主语 am (is, are) going to 动词原形表示在现在看来将

2、要发生的动作或存在的状态现在完成时主语have (has)过去分词(1)动作发生于过去，一直持续到现在，可以和表示持续性的时间状语连用。(2)动作发生于过去，已经完成，但这个动作对现在有影响，一般没有明显的时间状语，主要通过上下文来理解。时态构成用法一般过去时主语动词的过去式表示过去某时发生动作(包括过去习惯性的动作)或存在的状态过去进行时主语 was (were)现在分词表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作过去将来时主语 would 动词原形表示从过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态过去完成时主语 had 过去分词既可以表示在过去某一个时间或动作之前就发生或完成的动作，也可表示过去发生的某一

3、动作一直持续到过去的另一个时间或动作。现在完成进行时主语have (has) been 现在分词现在完成进行时表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作。现在这个动作可能刚刚终止，也可能仍在进行。语态 语态是表示主语和动词之间语法关系及语义关系的动词形式，有主动语态和被动语态两种形式。 英语中的语态和时态是不可分割的，每种时态都有其相应的语态形式 语态构成例句一般现在时的被动语态主语am(is, are)过去分词The lion is considered the king of the forest as it is a symbol of courage and power.现在进行时的被

4、动语态主语am(is, are)being过去分词My car is being repaired at present.现在将来时的被动语态主语 will(shall) be 过去分词/主语 am(is, are) going to be过去分词The new bridge will be completed at the end of the year.现在完成时的被动语态主语 have(has) been 过去分词I am surprised that you should have been fooled by such a simple trick.一般过去时的被动语态主语 was

5、(were)过去分词Marie Curie took little notice of the honors that were given to her in her later years.过去进行时的被动语态主语 was (were) being 过去分词I had the distinct impression that I was being followed.过去将来时的被动语态主语would be过去分词The workers scented changes that would be made in the company.过去完成时的被动语态主语 had been 过去分词T

6、he new suspension bridge had been designed by the end of last month.一、时态 动词的时态是英语语法的重中之重，因为它们与句子结构、句子表达、语言逻辑紧密相连，无论是单选、完形、阅读还是书面表达都离不开时态。高考试题中常对以下几种情况进行考查。1.一般现在时与现在进行时的用法比较一般现在时主要表示现在的特征、状态、经常性动作或客观事实等；而现在进行时表示说话时正在进行的动作或现阶段正在进行的动作。His daughter is always shy in public and she never dares to make a

7、speech to the public.Nick is looking for another job because he feels that nothing he does satisfies his boss. 注意：在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，要用一般现在时表示将来意义，而不能直接用将来时态。If you run into any problems when you arrive at the airport, give me a ring.2一般将来时和过去将来时一般将来时主要用于表示在现在看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态；过去将来时主要用于表示从过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作

8、或存在的状态。Will those teaching the children from abroad come to the headmaster's office?He told me if I didn't follow his advice, something bad would happen.注意：“will (shall) do”和“be going to do” 都可表示意图。如果是事先考虑过的意图，要用 be going to；如果是说话时临时决定的，则用will。I am going to spend my holiday on Hainan Island

9、this winter.I am sorry. I forgot to post the letter for you.That's all right. I will post it myself.3一般过去时和现在完成时的用法比较一般过去时主要表示过去某时发生动作(包括过去习惯性的动作)或存在的状态，和现在没有任何关系，可以和表示过去的时间状语连用；而现在完成时有两种用法：(1)动作发生于过去，一直持续到现在，可以和表示持续性的时间状语连用。(2)动作发生于过去，已经完成，但这个动作对现在有影响，一般没有明显的时间状语，主要通过上下文来理解。We volunteered to co

10、llect money to help the victims of the earthquake.He is the only one of the students who has been a winner of scholarship for three years.4一般过去时和过去进行时的用法比较一般过去时表示动作已经完成或在某一时间段内发生了某事；而过去进行时则表示动作的持续性，侧重动作持续的长度。For the sake of her daughter's health, she decided to move to a warm climate. I hear he

11、was writing a book last year, but I don't know whether he has finished it.5一般过去时和过去完成时的用法比较过去完成时既可以表示在过去某一个时间或动作之前就发生或完成的动作，也可表示过去发生的某一动作一直持续到过去的另一个时间或动作。它和过去时的区别主要在于时间的参照点上。He began to learn English when he was fifteen.The little girl cried her heart out because she had lost her toy bear.6现在完成时

12、和过去完成时的用法区别现在完成时和过去完成时都可和表示一段时间的状语连用，但现在完成时表示的是延续到现在；而过去完成时表示的是延续到过去某个时间。He had learned more than 5,000 English words when he entered the university at the age of 15.Many people have suffered much from the endless increasing price.7现在完成进行时现在完成进行时虽然不属于我们中学课本中常见的八种时态，但是在近几年的高考试题中频频出现，应该引起我们的注意。现在完成进行时

13、表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作。现在这个动作可能刚刚终止，也可能仍在进行。Where have you been? We have been looking for you everywhere.二、语态在高考试题中，被动语态是重要考点之一。复习时，除了注意考查各种时态的被动语态外，还要注意以下几种情况：1短语动词的被动语态使用短语动词的被动语态时，切记不要漏掉构成短语动词的介词或副词。Children in New China are taken good care of.The sick boy is being operated on now.2“get 过去分词”形式“ge

14、t 过去分词”也可表示被动语态，该结构较口语化。He got hurt when he fell off the bike last week.How do you get paid, by the day or by the hour?3主动形式表示被动意义一些表示开始、结束的动词(start, begin, close, end等)和表示主语某种属性特征的动词(read, write, sell, wear等)常用主动形式表示被动含义。The shop closes at 6 pm every day.This kind of apple tastes good and sells wel

15、l.4非谓语动词的被动语态The building to be built is a new cinema.The car being repaired is mine. 2013年高考英语试题-动词的时态和语态【2013北京】23. Shakespeares play Hamlet into at least ten different films over the past years. A. had been madeB. was madeC. has been madeD. would be made【2013北京】25. - Do you think Mom and Dad late

16、?- No, Swiss Air is usually on time.A. wereB. will beC. would beD. have been【2013北京】28. Hurry up! Mark and Carl us.A. expectB. are expectingC. have expectedD. will expect【2013北京】32. - So what is the procedure?- All the applicants before a final decision is made by the authority. A. interviewB. are i

17、nterviewingC. are interviewedD. are being interviewed【2013福建】23. The famous musician, as well as his students, _ to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.A. were invited B. was invited C. have been invited D. has been invited【2013福建】26. The girl has a great interest in sport

18、 and _ badminton classes twice a week over the last three years.A. took B. is taking C. takes D. has been taking 【2013湖南】22. “What do you want to be?” asked Mrs. Crawford. “Oh, I _ president,” said the boy, with a smile.A. have beenB. amC. wasD. will be【2013湖南】24. Around two oclock every night, Sue

19、will start talking in her dream. It somewhat _ us. A. bothersB. had botheredC. would botherD. bothered【2013湖南】26. If nothing _, the oceans will turn into fish deserts. A. doesB. had been doneC. will doD. is done【2013湖南】27. Have you heard about the recent election? Sure, it _ the only thing on the ne

20、ws for the last three days. A. would beB. isC. has beenD. will be【2013湖南】34. I dont understand why you didnt go to the lecture yesterday afternoon.Im so sorry. But I _ my homework. A. had doneB. was doingC. would doD. am doing【2013江苏】21. Generally, students inner motivation with high expectations fr

21、om others _ essential to their development.A. is B. are C. was D. were【2013江苏】25. Could I use your car tomorrow morning?Sure. I a report at home.A. will be writing B. will have written C. have written D. have been writing【2013江苏】34. What about your self-drive trip yesterday?Tiring! The road is being

22、 widened, and we a rough ride.A. had B. have C. would have D. have had【2013江西】35.I _ to visit you later that day, but I had to phone and cancel.A. comeB. cameC. am comingD. was coming【2013辽宁】22. He was unhappy when he sold his guitar. After all, he _ it for a very long time.A. has had B. had had C.

23、has D. had【2013辽宁】30. We are confident that the environment _ by our further efforts to reduce pollution.A. had been improved B. will be improved C. is improved D. was improved【2013山东】24. I didnt think Id like the movie, but actually it _ pretty good. A. has been B. was C. had been D. would be 【2013

24、山东】27. Oh no! Were too late. The train _. Thats Ok. Well catch the next train to London. A. was leavingB. had left C. has left D. has been leaving 【2013陕西】11. On Monday mornings it usually me an hours to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles. A. takes B. is taking C. took D. wi

25、ll take【2013陕西】17. Jim a late night film at home when, right in the middle of a thrilling scene, the television went blank. A. watched B. had watched C. was watching D. would be watching【2013四川】3.Hurry up, kids! The school bus _ for us!A. waits B. was waiting C. waited D. is waiting【2013天津】13. The w

26、ater supply has been cut off temporarily because the workers one of the main pipes.A. had repaired B. have repaired C. repaired D. are repairing【2013新课标II卷】7. We very early so we packed the night before.A. leave B. had left C. were leaving D.have left【2013新课标I卷】24. If we now to protect the environme

27、nt, well live to regret it.A. hadn't actedB. haven't actedC. don't actD. won't act【2013新课标I卷】27.When I first met Bryan I didnt like him, but I my mind.A. have changedB. changeC. had changedD. would change【2013浙江】10. During the last three decades, the number of people participating in

28、 physical fitness programs _ sharply.A. was increasing B. has increased C. had increased D. will be increasing 【2013重庆】21. I felt very tired when I got home, and I straight to bed.A. go B. went C. had gone D. have gone【2013重庆】33. A Midsummer Night's Dream at the Theatre Royal on 19th June, and t

29、hen tours throughout Scotland.A. opens B. is opened C. will open D. will be opened【2013安徽】24. Im calling about the apartment you the other day. Could you tell me more about it?A. advertised B. had advertisedC. are advertising D. will advertise2012年高考英语试题语法-动词的时态和语态【2012全国卷II】 Did you ask Sophia for

30、help? I _ need to I managed perfectly well on my own.A. wouldntB. dontC. didntD. wont【2012全国卷II】 The manager _ the workers how to improve the program since 9 a.m.A. has toldB. is tellingC. has been tellingD. will have told【2012安徽】26. In order to find the missing child , villagers all they can over t

31、he past five hours.A. did B. do C. had done D. have been doing【2012安徽】31. Grace doesnt want to move to New York because she thinks if she there, she wouldnt be able to see her parents very often.A. lives B. would live C. having asked D. were to live【2012安徽】33. Walmart, which is one of the largest Am

32、erican supermarket chains, some of its store open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays.A. keeps B. keep C. have kept D. had kept【2012安徽】35. After school we went to the reading-room to do some reading, only to be told that it .A. was decorated B. had decoratedC. had been decorating D. was being deco

33、rated 【2012重庆】22.-Kevin, you look worried. Anything wrong? -Well, I_ a test and Im waiting for the result. A. will take B. took C. had taken D. take【2012重庆】27. Food supplies in the flood-stricken area _.We must act immediately before theres none left.A. have run out B. are running outC. have been ru

34、n out D. are being run out【2012全国】23. "Life is like walking in the snow", Granny used to say, "because every step ”A. has shown B. is showingC. shows D. showed【2012全国】33.I had been working on math for the whole afternoon and the numbers _before my eyes.A. swim B .swumC. swam D. had sw

35、um【2012北京】22. By the time you have finished this book, your meal _ cold.A. gets B. has got C. will get D. is getting【2012北京】25. George said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he _.A. wouldnt B. didnt C. hasnt D. hadnt 【2012北京】29. Have you heard about that fire in the market? Ye

36、s, fortunately no one _.A. hurt B. was hurt C. has hurt D. had been hurt【2012北京】30. Our friendship _ quickly over the weeks that followed.A. had developed B. was developingC. would develop D. developed【2012北京】35. Dont handle the vase as if it _ made of steel.A. is B. were C. has been D. had been【201

37、2福建】24.When did the computer crash?- This morning, while I _ the reading materials downloaded from some websites.A. have sorted B. was sorting C. am sorting D. had sorted【2012陕西】24. Can I call you back at two oclock this afternoon?-Im sorry, but by then I _ to Beijing. How about five?A. fly B. will

38、fly C. will be flying D. am flying 【2012山东】28. After Jack had sent some e-mails, he _working on his project.A. had started B. has started C. started D. starts【2012山东】34. The manager was concerned to hear that two of his trusted workers _.A. will leave B. are leaving C. have left D. were leaving【2012

39、湖南】22. Dont worry. The hard work that you do now _ later in life.A. will be repaid B. was being repaid C. has been repaid D. was repaid【2012湖南】25. Close the door of fear behind you, and you _ the door of faith open before you.A. saw B. have seen C. will see D. are seeing 【2012湖南】27. “The moment _ so

40、on,” he thought to himself, waiting nervously.A. came B. has come C. was coming D. is coming 【2012湖南】33. I remember you were a talented pianist at college. Can you play the piano for me?-Sorry, I _ the piano for years.A. dont play B. wasnt playing C. havent played D. hadnt played 【2012天津】2. The lett

41、ers for the boss _ on his desk but he didnt read them until three days later.A. were put B. was put C. put D. has put 【2012天津】12. The three of us _ around Europe for about a month last summer.A. traveled B. have traveled C. had traveled D. travel【2012江西】26. Look! Somebody _ the sofa. Well, it wasnt

42、me. I didnt do it.A. is cleaning B. was cleaning C. has cleaned D. had cleaned 【2012辽宁】31. I feel so excited! At this time tomorrow morning I _ to Shanghai.A. will be flying B. will flyC. have been flying D. have flown【2012辽宁】35. Mum, I was wondering if you could lend me a few dollars until I _ on F

43、riday.A. get paid B. got paid C. have paid D. had been paid【2012四川】9. Did you catch what I said?Sorry. I _ a text message just now.A. had answering B. have answered C. would answer D. was answering【2012四川】11. They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house _.A. is being reb

44、uilt B. has been rebuilt C. is rebuilt D. has rebuilt【2012浙江】13. Peter had intended to take a job in business, but _ that plan after the unpleasant experience in Canada in 2010.A. had abandoned B. abandoned C. abandon D. will abandon【2012浙江】16. Alvin, are you coming with us? Id love to, but somethin

45、g unexpected _.A. has come up B. was coming up C. had come up D. would come up【2012江苏】32. The manager is said to have arrived back from Paris where he _ some European business partners.A. would meet B. is meeting C. meets D. had met【2012江苏】34. The president hopes that the people will be better off w

46、hen he quits than when he _.A. has started B. starts C. started D. will start2011-动词的时态和语态1.（2011·天津卷）4.On the next birthday.Ann married for twenty years.A.is B.has been C.will be D.will have been2.（2011·天津卷）3.In the last few years thousands of films allover the word.A.have produced B. hav

47、e been producedC. are producing D. are being produced3.（2011·江西卷）30.We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody _ into the offtive during the night.A.broke B. had broken C.has broken D.was breaking4.（2011·江西卷）28.We _Johns name on the race list yesterday but for his recent inj

48、uryA.will put B. will have put C. would put D. would have put5.（2011·北京卷）27. That must have been a long trip.Yeah, it us a whole week to get there.A. takes B. has taken C. took D. was taking6.（2011·北京卷）21. Experiments of this kind in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World Wa

49、r.A. have conducted B. have been conductedC. had conducted D. had been conducted7.（2011·天津卷）15. I _ sooner but I didnt know that they were waiting for me.A. had come B. was coming C. would come D. would have come8.（2011·北京卷）32. Bob has gone to California.Oh, can you tell me when he ?A. has

50、 left B. left C. is leaving D. would leave9.（2011·四川卷）9. All visitors to this village _ with kindness.A. treat B. are treated C. are treating D. had been treated 10.（2011·北京卷）23.Tom in the library every night over the last three months.A. works B. worked C. have been working D. had been wo

51、rking11.（2011·四川卷）19.What a mistake!Yes.I his doing it another way, but without success.A.was suggesting B.will suggest C.would suggest D.had suggested12.（2011·全国II）9. If you don't like the drink you_just leave it and try a different one. A. ordered B. are ordering C. will order D. had ordered13.（2011·陕西卷）12.His first novel good reviews since it came out last month. A.receives B.is receviing C.