牛津译林版8B语法知识点汇总

1、Unit 2牛津译林版 8B 语法知识点汇总词组：1 和玩 play with sb2 不再 notany more3 不同时期的交通工具transport at different times4 阳光镇的变化the changes to Sunshine Town5 非常了解这个地方 know the place well6 从那时起 since then7 自从 2005 年以来 since 20058 自从去年以来since last year9 自从三个星期前以来since three weeks ago10 搬家 move house11 搬到南京 move to Nanjing12

2、 搬进一座新公寓 move to/ into a new flat13 在 一 南部 in the southern part of14 结婚 get married15 和某人结婚be/ get married to sb/ marry sb16 变化很大change a lot17 在过去in the past18 在现在at present19 这些年以来over/ during the years20把 一变成 turninto21 在周末 at weekends22 打牌play cards23 下中国象棋play Chinese chess24 愉快的假期pleasant holi

3、day25 玩得很开心have a pleasant time26 水污染 water pollution27 噪音污染 noise pollution28 过去经常做某事used to do sth29像以前一样经常地 as often as before30把排进/倒进dump into31 一个很严重的问题 a very serious problem32 采取行动做某事take action to do sth33 减少污染reduce the pollution34 在某种程度上in some ways35 顺便问一下by the way36 在去的路上on the way to 3

4、7 挡路 in the way38 开阔的空间 / 户外活动场所 open space39 不时地，偶尔from time to time40从搬出去 move out of 41 事实上，实际上in fact42 一 处 自 然 景 点 地 方 a place of natural beauty43 一个新的火车站a new railway station44 从借 - borrow sth from sb45 借给某人/把借给 lend sb sth= lend sth to sb46 例如 for example/ such as47 在使用中 be in use= be in serv

5、ice48 带 去 一 take sb to 49 一所小学 a primary school50 我也是Me, too.51 独自地 on one s own= by oneself= alone52 空余时间free time53 有同感 have the same feeling54 青山环绕green hills around55 清新的空气fresh air56 良好的环境a good environment57 发展缓慢less development58 离远 be far (away) from59离近be close to60给造成许多麻烦cause many problem

6、s for 61 近期照片recent photos62 在近几年中 in recent years63 的反义词 the opposite of 64 有好运 have good luck65 把 一 扔掉 throw sth away66 一个真正的问题 a real problem67 写 一 篇 有 关 阳 光 镇 的 文 章 write an article on Sunshine Town68 在过去的一个世纪over the past century69 关 于 北 京 的 过 去 和 现 在 about Beijing spast and present70 感冒 have a

7、 cold71 患重感冒 have a bad cold72受到某人的来信hear from sb= receive a letter from73 乘飞机旅行 travel by plane/ by air74享受阳光和沙滩enjoy the sun and the beach语法：现在完成时（I）我们用现在完成时表示从过去持续到现在的动作或状态，或已完成但对现在有一定影响的活动。如：He has lived here since he came to Nanjing.自从来到南京，他就住在这里。I have lost my mobile phone. 我的手机丢了。现在完成时常和 alre

8、ady、ever、just、never、recently> yet等副词以及 since、for引导的 时间状语连用。如：He has already taken first prize twice.他已经拿过两次一等奖了。He has not returned the book to me yet.他还没有把那本书还给我。He has never visited the Great Wall.他从没去过长城。注意：already常用于肯定句，意思是“已经"，而yet常用于否定句和疑问句，意思是坯。现在完成时的动词构成：have/ has +动词的过去分词大多数动词的过去分词变

9、化形式同动词的过去式，可参照动词的过去式变化规则。不规则动词的过去分词变化：有些动词的过去分词和过去式的变化形式相同，其变化情况大致分类如下：变化举例与原形相同hit- hit- hithurt- hurt- hurt在原形后加t或dlearn- learnt- learnthear- heard- heard原形中的兀音字母有变化get- got- gotsit- sat- sat原形中的辅音字母有变化make- made- madespill- spilt- spilt原形中的兀音、辅音字母都有变化feel- felt- feltsmell-smelt- smelt有些动词的过去分词和过去

10、式的变化不同，其变化大致分类如下:变化举例与原形相同come- came- comerun- ran- run原形中的兀音字母有变化ring- rang- rungsing- sang- sung在原形上加eneat- ate- eatenfall- fell- fallen在原形上加nsee- saw- seengive- gave- given仕过去式上加nSteal- stole- stolenbreak- broke- broken原形、过去式和过去分词词性差异do- did- donego- went- gone较大Unit 3词组：1到作一次旅行 go on a trip to2

11、一定很有趣must be great fun3带出去几天take out for a few days4把带在身边 bring sth with sb5 快点；加油 come on6 旅游景点 tourist attractions7的象征 a symbol of8 去滑雪go skiing9 去远足go hiking10 看美丽的风景see the beautiful view11 拍照 take photos12欢迎到welcome to13写信给write to sb14 玩得很高兴have a fantastic time15 整天 the whole day16 乘地铁 by und

12、erground17 在入口处at the entrance18 高速运行move at high speed19 一家快餐店a fast food restaurant20 对感兴趣 be interested in21 不停地拍照 ca't stop taking photos22 迪斯尼人物的游行a parade of Disney characters23 下午晚些时候later in the afternoon24 一天中最精彩的部分the best part of the day25向挥手致意wave to26 一路上 all the way27 像魔术一样be like

13、magic28 精彩的狮王表演the great 'Lion King' show29 买一些纪念品 buy some souvenirs30在结束时 at the end of31 观看烟火 watch fireworks32 在烟火映衬下看起来很闪亮look shiny and beautiful under the fireworks33 一共，总计in all34 一次刺激的旅行an exciting trip35 把某物给某人看show sth to sb36 一队人 a line of people37 排队等候 wait in line38 一次有意义的经历a m

14、eaningful experience39 一次真得令人高兴的假日a really delightful holiday40 多姿多彩的服饰colourful costumes41 一名成员 a member of42 到深圳旅游travel to Shengzhen43 全年 all year around44 在即将到来的假日in the coming holiday45 依次 /轮流做某事take turns to do sth46 计划出国旅游plan to travel abroad47 希望做某事hope to do sth48 希望某人做某事wish sb to do sth4

15、9 飞往某地fly to50 新鲜的空气fresh air51 宜人的天气pleasant weather52 名胜古迹 places of interest53 我们去香港旅游的日子the day of our trip to Hongkong54 三个半小时three and a half hours= three hours and a half55 鸟瞰香港的景色have a bird s-eye view of Hongkong56 一座高楼耸立、 夜晚灯光闪烁的现代化城市a modern city of tall buildings with lights shin ing in

16、the evening57 文化中心 cultural centre语法:现在完成时（II）have/ has been 和 have/ has gone 的用法我们用have/ has been表示某人曾经去过某地，并且已经回来。如：He has been to the Great Wall twice.他曾经去过长城两次。We have never been to the South Hill.我们还从来没有去过南山。我们用have/ has gone表示某人已经去了某地，但还没回来。如：He has gone to London. He will be back in two weeks

17、.他已经去了伦敦了。他将在两周后回来。一 Is Tom at home?汤姆在家吗？一No, he isn't. He has gone to the cinema. 不在，他去看电影了。和for或since连用的动词现在完成时常和for或since引导的表示一段时间的时间状语连用。如：He has been away from China for two years .他离开中国已有两年了。He has lived in Nanjing since 2010.自从 2010 年以来，他一直住在南京。注意：在带有一段时间状语的现在完成时的肯定句中，我们要用延续性动词，而不能用短暂性动词

18、。下面补充一些短暂性动词和延续性动词的转化参考：短暂性动词延续性动词现在完成时构成catch a coldhave a coldhave had a coldbuyhavehave hadopenbe openhave been openclosebe closedhave been closedfall illbe illhave been illfall asleepbe asleephave been asleep一、单项选择1. 一My god! I the book from the library for more than rwo months-Go 8 see if you w

19、ill be fined.A_ have lentB. borrowMiC. have 工肾tumtdD. Lava k由2. 一 Davidwhere have you wcojtly?-I have to Shanghai with classmates.A, been, gone B. been, been C. sone, been D. gone, gone3. 一WTiere is Jack=& brother9 I haveif t wen Jum far a 1。理 timeA. He has b«n to SuzhouB. He has gone to Su

20、zhoTiC_ He is going to SuzhouD. He will go to Suzhou4. Nfy friends hav七 there since the firm set up.A. work E sian wofkifig C. begun to work D. worked5. Kara the Summer Palace twice.A. went to B. goes to C has gone to D. has been to6. It 20 years since dxy w ChinaA. tva% cameB_ wasr have comeC.技 ha

21、e comeD. is, came7. to Italy?Nd never, but I went to Fratiee 5 yeats ago.A. Did you goS. Ha e you goneC. Have you been>. Are you going8. Sh is not gortig to the concerts this Sunday night b,ecsu-Ee she herA. didni lose B. has lost C. will lose D didn't have9. Stephen has studied Chine&e i

22、n China.A. for three monthsB three mon±saeoC. incc three monthsD. ±br three monthsaeQ四.根据汉语提示完成句子1 .你最近收到你美国笔友的来信了吗？vouvein American pen- pal 12 .我们巨经很长时间没有看望老丽了 ,We out teacher3 . Billy曾经去过几次日本。Billy Japan for times.4 .他们已经去火车站了口Theystation5 .史密斯一家还,没有回。The Smiths.Unit 3end and receive e-

23、mails13 文字处理 word processing14编写电脑程序write computer programs15新的教育光盘a new educational CD-ROM16 '八小时环游地球'Around the world in eight hours'17发行，问世 come out18 同时 at the same time19学生最喜爱的光盘的设计者 the designer of children ; s favourite CD-ROM词组：1 不知道 have no idea（=I don ' t know）2看起来像look lik

24、e 3同意某人 agree with sb4 遥控器 remote control5打开（电视、电灯） turn on6关掉（电视、电灯）turn off 7 换频道 change the channel8 写作竞赛 writing competition9 绘画与设计 drawing and designing10 玩游戏 play games11 搜索彳t息 search for information12收发电子邮件s20 在线旅行者 'Online Traveller'21 主要人物 main character22 一个十三岁的男孩a thirteen-year-ol

25、d boy23 躺在草地上lie on the grass24 看着美丽的蓝天look at the beautiful blue sky25 睡着了 fall asleep26 做了个奇怪的梦have a strange dream27 在梦里in the dream28 一片金色的云a golden cloud29 得一分get a point30 载着某人去一个地方carry sb off to a place31扮演角色 play the role of32 环游世界 travel around the world33 测试你的英语语法知识test your knowledge of

26、English grammar34 在屏幕上on the screen35 伦敦博物馆the Museum of London36 闯过一关pass a level37 世界地图 the map of the world38 用亮紫色标出来mark in bright purple39 查明，弄清楚find out40 卖光，售完sell out41 打份报告 type a report42点击click on43把打印出来 print out44 你要买些什么？Can I help you?/What can I do for you?45 个人电脑 personal computer46由

27、地方制造 be made in47考虑think about48 关闭所有窗口 close all the windows49 重新启动计算机restart the computer50把连到connectto51 把键盘链接到计算机connect the keyboard to the computer52 双击自动运行图标double-click on the auto-run icon53 组织活动 organize activity54 6 英尺长 6 feet long55 剪断了cut short56 剪了 1 英寸头发 cut an inch of hair57 日常英语 dai

28、ly English58对有好处 be good for59 短时间的澳大利亚的网上旅行short online tours of Australia60 请求帮助 ask for help61 听人们谈话 listen to people talking62 在收音机上收听一个采访listen to an interview on the radio63向学习learnfrom64在网上订购 order sth online65 介意做某事mind doing sth66 游戏的目标 the goal of the game67 打开财宝箱open the treasure box语法 :现

29、在完成时（ III ）一般过去时和现在完成时的区别一般过去时和现在完成时都可以表示过去发生的动作， 但是在具体的语境中， 这两种时态有明显的区别。一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事情或存在的状态， 说话的侧重点在陈述过去发生的事情或状态。如：I went to Beijing last month. 我上个月去过北京。Tom was in China in 2008. 2008 年汤姆在中国。现在完成时表示到说话时为止已经发生或完成 （不一定结束） 的动作或状态， 强调造成的结果或对现在产生的影响。如：I have bought a new mobile phone. 我买了一部新手机。 （言

30、下之意：我有新手机用了。 ）I have been to London many times. 我去过伦敦很多次。 （言下之意：我对伦敦较熟悉。 ）注意： 一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。 如： yesterday、 last week、 two yearsago、just now 、 in 2008 等。现在完成时则通常和频度副词或表示一段时间的状语连用。如： many times 、 never、these days、 this week、 since.、 for.等。Unit 4语法 :1 一场慈善演出 a charity show2 慈善演出的主持人the host of th

31、e charity show3 被选为班长be chosen to be the monitor4 多加练习practise a lot5 确信，肯定 be sure6 除非 only if7 在网上登广告 advertise on the internet8 分发传单 give out the leaflets9 捐钱 donate money10 组织一场慈善演出organize a charity show11把卖给sell -to12 筹钱 raise money13 绿色希望工程（慈善机构 ）Project Green Hope14 希望工程 （慈善机构 ） Project Hope

32、15 拯救中国虎（慈善机构）Save China s Tigers16 春蕾计划 （慈善机构 ）Spring Bud Project17 返回学校return to school（go back to school）18把还给return sth to （=give sth back to ）19 大型猫科动物 big cats20 在贫困地区in poor areas21写信给write to22收到的来信hear from sb=receive a letter from sb23 空闲时间 free time24因为,becauseof（玷词、代t或动词-ing形式）25 电视镜头 TV

33、 cameras26 看演出watch the show27 准时on time28 及时in time29把介绍给 introduce sb to30 值日 on duty31 在适合的时间 at the right time32 同时 at the same time33 在 一 开始时 at the beginning of 34 在 一 结束时 at the end of 35 伟大的一天the big day36 一直做某事keep doing sth37 演出前 20 分钟twenty minutes before the show38 进入剧场 get/ go into the

34、theatre39 没有时间紧张了。No time to be nervous any more.40 发出噪音 make noise41 变得有点容易了become a little bit easier42 似乎seem to do sth43 结束be over44 当地企业 a local business45 得到许多支持 have a lot of support46 参加（活动） take part in47 致以最美好的祝愿 Best wishes48 写下，记下write down49 弄错了 by mistake50 至少at least51 最多at most52 真是太

35、成功了。 It is a big success.53 帮助支付他们的学费help pay for their education54 搭建舞台 set up the stage55 开会 have a meeting/ hold a meeting56 举行慈善演出 hold a charity show57 在学生中安排工作arrange work among the students58 组织剧本organize a play59 欢迎捐赠donations are welcome.60 感谢下列提供我们帮助和支持的人thank the following for their help

36、and support61 在一个下雪的夜晚on a snowy night62 从现在开始from now on63 日日夜夜day and night64 保持沉默keep silent65 关心 care about语法 :疑问词 + 动词不定式我们可以用“疑问词+ 动词不定式”结构作动词的宾语。疑问词包括疑问代词what、which 、 who 和疑问副词how 、 when、 where 等。常和“疑问词 + 动词不定式”结构连用的动词及短语有： know 、 learn 、 see、 hear、 ask、 tell 、 advise、 decide、 explain 、 find

37、out 、 forget 、 remember、 think 、 understand、 wonder 等。如：I do not know what to say next. 我不知道接下来说什么。I cannot decide which to take . 我不能决定该拿哪一个。有些动词，如 advise、 ask、 show 、 teach、 tell 等，其后可以接双宾语。如：Pleasetel l me how to get there. 请告诉我怎么去那儿。Sandy showed Millie how to start the online tour. 桑迪给米莉演示了如何开始这

38、个在线旅游。有些疑问词，如what、 which 、 whose、 how many、 how much 等，其后可以先接一个名词，再接动词不定式。如：She wondered how many subjects to choose. 她不知道该选几门学科。在“疑问词+动词不定式”结构前，有时也可以是sure、clear等的形容词。如：I am not sure which way to take. 我不确定走哪条路。“疑问词 +动词不定式”结构在句子中还可以作主语和表语。如：How to deal with the problem is most important to us.如何处理这个

39、问题对我们来说最重要。The problem is when to leave the place. 问题是何时离开这个地方。“疑问词 +动词不定式”结构可以改写成由疑问词引导的从句。如：I do not know what to do . 我不知道该做什么。= I do not know what I should do .注意：所有疑问词中，只有why 不可以与动词不定式连用。must/have to 的用法must 表示主观的义务和必要，主要用于肯定句和疑问句，意思是“必须，得，要” 。如：You must finish your homework today. 你今天必须完成家庭作业。

40、must的否定形式 must not表示禁止，意思是“不能，不许” 。如：You must not smoke here. 你不能在这里抽烟。have to 表示一种客观需要，意思是“不得不” 。 have to 有人称和数的变化。如：It is getting dark. He has to go home now. 天快黑了。他现在得回家了。Mum is out, so I have to look after the shop. 妈妈出去了，因此我不得不照看商店。have to 的否定形式是do not have to 。如：They do not have to buy a compu

41、ter at the moment. 他们目前没必要买电月百。He does not have to go.他不必走。注意：must还可以表示肯定猜测，意思是“一定” 。如：You must be hungry after all that walking. 走了这么远的路，你一定饿了吧。1 .Must I do it now?No, youA, needn't B don't have to C mustn't D, A ar B1.1 t,s nealy seven 口 dock. Jack be here at any tiine.A must B. need C

42、 should D can.工l)en can T come for these photos? I need them Tomorrow afternoonThey be ready by 12:00. A. can B. should C might D. need1 .Iheydo well in the eam.A . can be able to B. be able toC. can able to D. are able toL Man has diangcd the desert in many wa,3 to make it a better pl aceto live.A.

43、whereB.in whichC.when D.which2 .The students do not know this- maths ptMan.A.how to 济讪Brwl)aita doC how to do withD.whal to deal with3 .Xiao N£ng h as explained 1 ate for class to his teacher.A.why to beB.why he wasC.tbatte waaD.why be4 .Afeyou sure ?A.how to woik it outB .how to work out itC.w

44、hai to work out itD.whai to work it out 5,He didn't ihink was easy,A.who to chooseB. choosing a personC .chose a person填空。L I h avu m adu a(decidejthar I will study E ngli sh haid.2. Gtook part in world war H3. 一 Tlrisnis about the tragedy fate of a-dog.4. The sdence k is vey imponant and usefti

45、l.5. whai will you do in your s time?6. I was deqily t by thi s movie.7. I continue(tojtny bom ework after lOtnin break.8. Finally, I tnto pass the driving test9. Ihare to 1 my scarf tighth- as the wind i s blowing.Unit 5词组：1 零花钱 pocket money2 (现在)习惯做某事be used to+名词或动词 -ing3过去经常做某事 used to do sth4吃一

46、顿丰盛的午餐have a big lunch5如此以致sothat6 不再- not anyonger/more/further7 不能再走远了 can ' walk any further8带 去 - taketo9在隔壁next to10 医疗 health care11全世界around the world/ all over the world12百分之八十 80 per cent13 治疗 medical treatment14 飞行眼睛医院 a flying eye hospital15 志愿者医生 volunteer doctors16 实施手术 perform an o

47、peration17 教学中心 teaching centre18 失明的病例 the cases of blindness19通过录像观看手术watch the operations on video20 眼部手术 eye operation21共享我们的知识share our knowledge22给做手术 operate on23对感激be grateful to24做某事很骄傲 be proud to do sth25别的什么事 something else26改善病人的生活improve the lives of patients27继续开展我们的工作carry on with ou

48、r work28 捐资给 send donations to 29做某事付不起费用can ' afford to do sth30在你家很远的地方工作work far away from home31长时间的工作the long working hours32不同寻常的生活方式the unusual lifestyle33 持续学习 keep learning34 一个漫长的过程 a long process35收听广播节目listen to a radio programme36 捐赠 make a donation37 做义工 do some voluntary work38组织其

49、他筹集资金的活动organize other fun-raising activities39建立，成立set up40使世界成为对孩子们来说更好的地方 make the world a better place for children41 以便 so that42 代替 instead of 43工作来供养他们的家庭work to support their families44 攒钱 save some money45如此严重的问题such a serious problem46 应该做某事ought to do sth47 关心他人 care about other people48

50、害怕 be afraid of49 连接它的网站 log onto its website语法 :enough to 的用法我们可以用 “ to be + adjective + enough + to do ” 的结构来描述一个人的品质和能力。 如：He is tall enough to reach the basket. 他个子高，可以够到篮筐。The girl is not brave enough to go near the dog. 这个女孩胆子不够大，不敢靠近那只狗。enough 可以作状语、定语和表语。The house is not big enough for us. 这

51、房子对我们来说不够大。Have you got enough money? 你的钱够吗？Six bottles should be enough . 六瓶应该够了。too.to 的用法我们可以用“ to be + too + adjective + to do ”的结构来表达一个否定的结果。如：He is too tired to go on walking. 他太累了，不能继续工作。British people are too polite to laugh loudly in public.英国人太有礼貌了，不会再公众场合大声笑。我们可以在不定式前加介词for 引出逻辑主语。如：The b

52、ox is very heavy. The little boy cannot carry it. 盒子太重了，这个小男孩搬不动。= The box is too heavy for the boy to carry .The apple is very high. The child cannot reach it. 苹果放得太高了，这个孩子够不着。= The apple is too high for the child to reach .通常我们可以根据too.to 结构中的不定式是否为及物动词来确定它是否带宾语。如：He is too tired to go any further.

53、 他太累了，不能再往前走了。（动词go 是不及物动词，其后不直接加宾语）She is too poor to buy such an expensive blouse. 她太穷了，买不起这么贵的衬衫。（动词buy 是及物动词，其后接宾语such an expensive blouse）注意：too.to结构和never一起使用时并不表示否定。如One is never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。“ to be + too + adjective + to do ”结构相当于“ to be + not + adjective + enough + to do ” ， 通

54、常在第二种句型中使用的形容词是第一种结构中使用的形容词的反义词。如：The little girl is too young to go to school.这个小女孩年级太小，还不能上学。=The little girl is not old enough to go to school.变换下列句型:1. a. The bos is so heavy that I cm" t carry it.b. The box is heavy cariy*c. The bos is not for m曰 to carry.2. a. The jnaths problem i.sn t easy enough for me to work out.b. The maths pioblem is difficult 1 can1 t work it out.c. The mattis pioblem is difficult work out.3. Tha book is interesting enough for everybody to raad<b, The book is interesting everybody like5 to xead it,Keys: 1. b.