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1、Unitl Festivals Around the World2. religious adj宗教上的religious beliefs / faithreligious instructionreligious groups / leaders信奉宗教的a deeply religious person His wife is very religious.religion n.4. belief n. C/U信任;信仰,信心 believe vi.& vt. 相信常用结构:have belief in sth. / sb.对某物/某人的真实性和正确性有信心beyond belie
2、f 难以置信in the belief that .相信It is my belief that .我相信词汇讲义1. take place发生;举行In the meantime, an economic crisis took place. The Olympic Games take place every four years. 联想拓展take one ' s place= take the place。玳替 一 in place of 代替take the first place 获得第一名易混辨析take place / happen / break out / occu
3、rtake place通常表示计划、安排之内的 发生”。happen指事情偶然的发生,常带有未能预见的含义;另外,还有碰巧”之意。break out指火灾、战争或瘟疫的突然爆发。occur指按计划发生,常指(某想法、某事)出现在某人的头脑中。常见结构 :It occurs/occurred to sb. that表示 某人想起某事 “。It occurred to me that I had forgotten my keys. It was in the church that their wedding(举彳T ). Will you attend the meeting(代替)me?(就
4、座),please!We are ready to start. It ' s hard to find a man to(代替)the present manager.Liu Xiang (获得第一名)in the 110m hurdle race.religiously adv.India has always been one of the most religiously diverse countries.3. in memory of=to the memory of作为对某人的纪念;纪念某人( memory前不加任何冠 词)Many ceremonies are in m
5、emory of famous people.They will build a monument in memory of the national hero.联想拓展:in honour of 为了纪念一;向表小破忌in praise of歌颂;称赞in favour of 赞同,支持in charge of 负责in need of需要;缺少in search of 寻找in possession of 拥启(1)This monument was built the little hero.A. in place ofB. in search ofC. in memory ofD. i
6、n need of(2)用由“in+n.+of构成的短语填空。 A monument was set up(纪念)the dead soldiers.He founded the charity (兴办那项慈善事业)(怀念)his late wife. If you are (需要)anything, don ' t hesitate to let me know. In the discussion, I was(支持)Mr. LiIt is beyond belief thatHe has great belief in his doctor.他对他的医生无比信赖。She has
7、lost her belief in God.她已不相信上帝。用belief相关短语的适当形式填空。 He came to me I could help him. that nuclear weapons are immoral. The cruelty of the murders was .5. dress up 盛装,打扮 (常用于 dress up as sb. /dress upin sth.结构)We are supposed to (打扮成)movie characters for the party. What a novel idea!She (穿着)Elizabethan
8、 costume for the fancy dress ball.常用结构:be dressed in 穿着衣服be dressed as 打扮成be well dressed 衣着讲究dress oneself 穿衣,打扮dress sb.给某人穿衣服get dressed 指动作in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.A. DressedB. To dressC. DressingD. Having dressed6. trick n.C诡计;骗局;谋略;花招One of the problems of ol
9、d age is that your memory can start to play tricks on you.窍门,招数,手法Daily practice is the trick in learning a foreign language.He used the old trick of attacking in order to defend himself.The trick is to keep your body still and your arms relaxed.play a trick/tricks on sb.搞恶作剧;诈骗;开玩笑The children play
10、ed a trick on their teacher on April Fool Day.vt.哄骗trick someone into doing somethingtrick someone out of somethingHe (骗我让我相信 )that he was somebody famous.You' renot the first person (被骗取) your savings.联想拓展:play a joke on sb. 开某人的玩笑make fun of sb. 取笑某人laugh at sb.嘲笑某人smile at sb.向某人微笑 make a foo
11、l of愚弄;嘲笑 用适当的介词填空。 Tom liked making funothers in public. It ' s bad manners to laughthe disabled. These boys like playing tricks their teacher. He smiled me when he heard my funny answer.7. gainn.获得;增加;获利,获得物;收益;利润The baby half a pound.He served the public whole heartedly, (不顾个人得失).vt.得到;获得,赢得,
12、增加,增添,到达; (钟、表等) 快to gain confidence / strength / experienceFor the first time in her life she gained a clear idea of how vast the world is.My watch gains five minutes a day.The country (获得独立)ten years ago. Her unusual talent (为她 赢得) worldwide recognition.vi.获利,赚钱;得益 (+by/from),取得进展;得到改 善;增进健康We all
13、 gained from the experience.The singer is gaining in popularity.易混辨析:gain / win / get / earn / acquiregain指在斗争,竞争中做出很大努力而获得”,所得到的东西常具有一定价值。win含有取胜的一方具有优越的特质或条件而能克服各种障碍的意思,意为赢得”。get为普通词,有时指不一定需要努力就能得到”。earn意为 赚得”,表示经过艰苦努力所得到的报酬。acquire意为获得,取得”,一般指通过漫长的过程而逐 渐获得。 I ' mnew in the job but I have alre
14、ady experience. Please me a glass of water. His perseverance him many friends and a gold medal. He up to $50,000 a year by writing stories. After six years ' study, he hasa good knowledge of English.8. gather vt.1)收集;召集;使聚集(+together)He is gathering materials for a new book.The kids were gathere
15、d together in one room.2)积聚;积蓄This cloth gathers dust.I sat down for a moment to(积蓄我的力量 ).She was still trying to (集中思想)when the door opened.Fortunately the short delay gave him time to(准备好自己).3)收拾;摘;采集;收割 (+in/up)The girl is gathering flowers.People slowly gathered their belongings and left the hal
16、l.I waited while he(收拾好)his papers.It was late August and the harvest(已经被安全收割).4)渐增The sled gathered speed as it moved down the hill.5)猜想,推测+(that)I gather that he is the one in charge.I (从你的信里推断)that you ' re not enjoying your job (据我推测),there ;been some kind of problem.6)使皱起She gathered her br
17、ows into a frown.9. awardvt.授予,奖给(后多接双宾语);判定award sth (to sb.)award sb. sth (for sth)be awarded sth for sthThe judges awarded both finalists equal points.Medals (被授予)the best speakers on the debating team.n.奖,奖品;奖金接受奖品He got the highest award in the contest.易混辨析: award / prize / rewardaward既可作动词也可作名
18、词,指为鼓励在工作中达到 或完成所提出的要求或条件的人而进行的奖励,往往强 调荣誉而不在乎奖品的大小或奖金的多少。prize为名词,多指在各类竞赛、竞争或抽彩中所赢得 的奖。这种奖赏有的凭能力获得,有的凭运气获得。reward既可作动词也可作名词,指对某人的工作或服务 等的报答。也指因帮助警察抓到罪犯或帮助失主找到东 西而得到的赏金、酬金。He won the award for the best student of the year.A prize was given to the person who had the winning number.He received a medal
19、as a reward for his courage.Three university departments have been$600,000 to develop good practice in teaching and learning.A. promotedB. includedC. securedD. awarded10. admirevt.赞美;钦佩;羡慕。其后可接人或物作宾语,但不 可以接宾语从句作宾语。admire sb. for sth.因某事钦佩或羡慕某人They admired our garden.I admire him for his success in b
20、usiness.Aren ' t you going to admire my new house?admiration n.赞美,钦佩;令人赞美的人或物express admiration for sb. 对某人表示钦佩 have great admiration for sb. 十分钦佩某人 in admiration of 表示钦佩with/in admiration 心怀钦佩地admirer n. 钦佩者;羡慕者 admiring adj 赞赏的,羡慕的 Stop looking in the mirror(自我欣赏) Visitors to Beijing usually (
21、钦佩那里的 警察). Our school is widely (羡慕)its excellent teaching .11. look forward to期待某事/做某事(to为介词,后接名 词或动名词)We should look forward to the futurity.I am familiar with his work and look forward to hearing his views on literary and artistic creation.She must be looking forward as much to his return as he h
22、imself is to her.A. see B. have seen C. seeing D. be seeing 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 The boy hurried forward (see) the world famous oil painting because he had been looking forward to(see) it for a long time. The day I had been looking forward to (come). I used to(get) up late, but now I' m(get) up earl
23、y.12. as thoughas though / as if引导方式状语从句和表语从句:引导方式状语从句She acted as though nothing had happened. 她装得好像什么事也没发生过似的。注意:当从句主语和主句主语一致,且从句谓语中含有动词be时,可把主语和 be一起省略。He looked about as though (he was) in search of something.他四下张望,好像在寻找什么。引导表语从句It looks as if it' s going to rain.看样子要下雨了。as though和as if从句是用虚
24、拟语气,还是用陈述语 气,完全根据具体情况而定。如果从句表示的意思与事 实完全相反,或者纯粹是一种假设,通常用虚拟语气; 反之,则用陈述语气。The child talks as if she were an adult.那孩子说话的样子好像她是个大人。用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 The pencil looks as if it (break) with half of it in the glass of water. Li Ming speaks English very well as though he (be) an Englishman. It seems as if ou
25、r team (be) going to win. He talks about pyramids as though he(see) them himself.13. permission n. U许可,允许常用结构with/without (one ' s) permissions /未经允许ask sb. for permission 征求某人的许可give sb. permission to do sth. 允许某人做某事 have one ' s permission 至U某人的同意permit vt.准许,许可,允许permit sb to do sth 允许某人干
26、某事permit doing sth 允许做某事used Yoith your permission, I ' d like to say a few words. Mary,father (不会允许她 )to stay up late.完成句子。They entered the area(未经允许 ). You will need to obtain planning(许可证)if you want to extend your house.14. turn up出席(某活动)(常用于口语);出现;找到;把t even both(收音机等的)音量调大一些;到场I ' m su
27、re your watch will turn up one of these days.We invited her to dinner but she didnup.I can ' t hear the radio very Weould you turn it up a bit?联想拓展:turn against反对;背叛turn down(音量等)调小;拒绝turn off 关掉turn on打开;发动turn out 结果是;证明是 turn to sb. for help 向某人求助turn away走开;转过脸去;把 打发走turn in 进入;交出;上交turn ove
28、r打翻;移交;反复考虑turn into 把变成He promised to come y esterday, but he hasn ' t get in a word 插嘴in a/one word=in short 总而言之errtgthen words 换句话说word for word 逐词have a word with sb.与某人谈话have words with sb. 与某人争吵Word came that有消息传来16. hold one ' s brealhft呼吸The race was so close that everyone (屏住呼吸)at
29、the finish.take a deep breath=breathe deeply 深呼吸lose one ' s breat麻过气来out of breath上气不接下气,喘不过气来After arriving at the top of the mountain, we were all(上气不接下气).yet.A. turned inB. turned upC. turned onD. turned out用turn相关短语的适当形式填空。 Don' t worry. The file is sure to . Please the television a bit
30、, I canhear it clearly. It that it was Tim who broke the vase. The sad child his mother for comfort. It ' s half past ten, but he hasn ' t yet. It ' s wrong to our motherland. Please the radio a bit; I ' m doing my homework.15. keep one ' s wO?箝用;履行诺言word意为诺言”时,是不可数名词,不可以用复数形式, 其
31、前面不可以用冠词修饰。You should (信守你许下的 承 tg).You promised you would take the children to camp so you must keep your word.联想拓展:break one ' s wordff17. apologizevi.道歉,认错apologize to sb for (doing) sth因(做)某事向某人道歉apologize to sb that +从句向某人道歉tYou (必须向你的老师道歉)forbeing so rude.I apologized to my mother that I w
32、ent home late.apology n.道歉,谢罪make/offer an apology to sb for (doing) sth因某事向某人道歉accept/refuse an apology 接受 /拒绝道歉I must( 向她道歉 )for not going to her party.18. obviousIt is / was obvious/clear that .= obviously / clearly, .表 示 很明显 ,显而易见 ”,属于It is / was + adj. / n. /p.p. + that clause 结构。It is necessar
33、y / important / natural / strange + that + sb. should do sth.做某事是有必要的/重要的/自然的、竟然 怎样。It is a pity / a shame / no wonder + that + sb. should do 遗 憾的是/羞愧的是/难怪某人竟然/应该It is said / reported / announced / expected / . + that .据说/报道/宣布/预计It ' s suggested / ordered that sb. (should)毒流 /要求某 人(做)某事It '
34、 s no harm drinking running water in that area.It was quite clear that they had no desire for peace. used to be thought that the earth was square.A. He B. What C. It D. That19. set off出发;动身;使爆炸What time are you planning to set off tomorrow?The terrorist set off a bomb in the city centre and killed s
35、ix people.联想拓展:set off for a place出发到某地set about doing sth.开始(某工作);着手做某事set out从某地出发上路set out to do sth.开始做某事set sth. up摆放或竖起某物;创立,建立set sth. aside将某事物放在一边;(为某目的)节省或保留金钱或时间set down记下、写下用set相关短语的适当形式填空。 The new government must finding solutions to the country ' s economic problems. The children t
36、he fireworks in the yard. She a bit of money every month. They a statue in honour of the national hero. They' ve on a journey round the world.20. remind vt.提醒;使想起常用结构:remind sb. of/about sth.提醒某人记住/想起某事remind sb. to do sth.提醒某人做某事remind sb. that .提醒某人/使某人想起 I reminded Gerald of his promise.Pleas
37、e remind me to write to my mother tomorrow.翻译句子:这些照片使我想起我的童年。请提醒我每天服三次药。21. harvest n.1) c收割,收获the corn/potato/grape harvestIt was harvest time.There will be an abundant harvest this year.They were busy getting the harvest in.2) singular(知识等的)收获收获丰富白知识 We are now reaping the harvest of our hard work
38、 last year.v.收割,收获(庄稼、动物、知识成就等)Winter wheat is planted in the fall and harvested in early summer.Timber is still harvested and milled locally.22. celebration n.1) C, often pl.庆祝会,庆典 birthday / wedding celebrations The town ' scentennial celebrations will begin with a parade.I hope you ' ll j
39、oin in the Christmas celebrations.2) U, C庆祝,庆典Her triumph was a cause for celebration.He' s havin a party(庆祝) his 84th birthday.23. starve ) vi.饿死;挨饿;渴望,急需要(die / long )The plants(急需要水).They got lost in the desert and starved to death. ) vt.使挨饿,使饿死She' s starving herself trying to lose weigh
40、t.starvation n.挨饿;饿死常用结构:enjoyable.starve for sth.渴望得到 starve to do sth.渴望去做某事starve to death 饿死be starved to death 饿死be starved of极需, 缺乏starve sb. into sth./ doing sth.使某人挨饿以迫使其做某事The engine (缺油)and wouldn ' t start.Many people death in the earthquake as a result ofthe delay of the supplies.A.
41、were starved ofB. starved toC. were starvedD. starved for用starve相关短语的适当形式填空。 Thousands of people in Africa. These children are love. The people on the island fresh water since it hadn ' t rained for nearly half a year.24. feastn.盛会,宴会a wedding feasta feast of coloursa feast for the eyes 大饱眼福the
42、feast of ChristmasThe evening was a real feast for music lovers.v. (on / upon sth)We sat in the yard feasting on barbecued chicken and beer. feast one ' s eyes愉欣赏(艺术品景色等)25. arrival n1)到达We apologize for the late arrival of the train.There are 120 arrivals and departures every day.2)到达者The first
43、 arrivals at the concert got the best seats.early / late / new arrivalsW6 re expecting a new arrival in the family soon.With the arrival of John' s friends, the came beally26. independence n.U独立,自主(from sb/sth)Cuba (独立于)Spain in 1898.The army is committed to ensuring the independence of the coun
44、tryHe values his financial independence.She doesn ' t want to lose her hawon independence independent adj.独立的(of sb/sth)、自主的(of sb/sth) The police force should be independent of direct government control.Two independent research bodies reached the same conclusions.Going away to college has made
45、me much more independent.She' s a very indepelent-minded young woman.Students should aim to become (更加独立于)their teachers. It was important to me to be financially independent of my parents.a man of independent means with a private income)27. clothing n.(总称)衣服,服装UCheck your belo ngings and make s
46、ure you don ' t leave your articles of clothing behind.Food, clothing and shelter are everyone' s priorities.易混辨析:clothing / clothes / clothclothing是衣服、被褥的总称,为不可数名词; clothes指包括上衣、裤子、内衣、外衣等在内的具体的 衣服,它没有单数形式,只能说 many/some/a few clothes;cloth则指做衣服所用的布料,为不可数名词。 The industry in this area has been
47、 going from strength to strength. It ' s cold outside. You ' d better put on more . How much does it take to make a blouse for a girl?28. custom n.风俗、习俗It is the custom (for sb) to do sth 做是 种习俗 /惯例Social customs are different from country to country. (是 日本人的习惯 )to take off their shoes when
48、they get into a hall.It is the custom for an Arab to stand close to his friend when talking.易混辨析:custom / habitcustom风俗习惯”,即社会或团体许多人长期形成的习 惯。habit指一个人的习惯、习性。29. drownvt.drown sth with / in 把某物浸泡在液体中be drowned in 沉浸在a drowning man快要淹死的人like a drowned rat (湿的)像落汤鸡He would drown his sadness in coffee.H
49、e was (在酣1i 中)so he did not feel it was raining.She turned up the radio to drown the noise of the traffic.30. forgive vi. & vt.原谅;饶恕forgive sb for (doing) sth.原谅某人(做)某事forgive sb/sth.原谅某人/某事forgive sb sth. 原谅某人某事forgive doing sth. 原谅做某事Please forgive him for()Reading:长句难句:1 . At that time people
50、 would starve if food was difficultto find , especially during the cold winter months . 在那个时 代,如果食物难以找到,特别是在寒冷的冬月,人们就会挨饿。Starve (v.)1) to cause a person or an animal to suffer severely or die from hunger挨饿;饿死Millions of people starved to death during the war. 战争中 数百万人挨饿至死。2) starve for sth ; starve
51、sb of sth: ( cause sb to) suffer or long for sth greatly needed or wanted (使某人)得不至U某事物而受苦或渴望获得某事物;缺乏The homeless children were starved for love .这些无家 可归的孩子渴望得到爱。3) to feel very hungry 感觉很饿。仅用于进行时态When will dinner be ready ? Istarv inm晚饭什么时候做好?我快饿死了。starvation (n.):(U) suffering or death caused by la
52、ck of food 挨饿; 饿 死die of starvation 饿死starvation wages不够维持基本生活的工资2. or satisfy the ancestors , who could return either to help or to do harm.或使祖先得到满足,因为祖先们有可能回到世上(给人们)提供帮助,也可能带来危害。harm(n.): damage, injury 损害;伤害do harm to sb = harm sb 伤害某人do more harm than good: have an effect which is more damaging
53、than helpful 弊大于禾UIf we solve the problem in this way, it may do more harm than good.如果我们以这种方式处理问题,那可能是弊 大于利。3. ) (v.): cause harm to (sb / sth)损害或伤害某人 /某事 物This event didn harmthis reputation.这个事件没有损害他的名誉。4. Halloween also had its origin in old beliefs about the return of the spirits of dead people
54、.万圣节也源自人们古老的信念,认为亡者的灵魂会返回 人间。origin (n.) : the place or situation in which something begins to exist起源;由来,可用做可数名词或不可数名 词,通常用作复数形式The tradition has its origins in the Middle Ages .这个传统发源于中世纪。He told me it was a word of unknown origin.他告诉我这是个词源不详的词。belief (n.): an idea that you believe to be true, esp
55、ecially one that forms part of a system of ideas 信任; 信心; 信仰。注意 :belief 通常用作不可数名词,当作可数名词时,词义略不同于用作不可数名词时religious beliefs 宗教信仰Several members hold very strong political beliefs. 有些 成员有着强烈的政治理念。5. It is now a childr en fsestival, when they can dress up and go to their neighbours ' homes to ask for
56、 sweets万 圣节如今成了孩子们的节目,这天他们可以乔装打扮上邻居家要糖吃。dress(1)(v.): to put clothes on yourself or someone else 穿衣服。可作及物或不及物动词。dress up 是动词词组, 意思使是to wear special clothesfor fun, or to put special clothes on someone(2)(n.)1) C garment for a woman or girl , consisting of a bodice and skirt in one piece ; frock 连衣裙,(上下连身的)女装She makes all the dresses for her daughter.她女儿的连衣裙都是她做的。2) U clothes, esp. outer garments, for either men or women 衣
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