职称英语基础练习5

1、大题 1: 词汇选项 ,在每道题的句子里都有一个加底线的词或短语， 请在四个选项中找出与加底线的词或短语意义最相近的一项。 1.  Philip Roth was hailed as a major author in 1960.A.  published B.  challenged C.  acclaimed D.  guided 正确的答案是: C 答案解释:hail和acclain意思相近，表示“向欢呼”，“将拥戴为”。又如：He was acclaimed as Britains greatest modem painter他被赞誉为

2、英国最伟大的现代画家。challenge：挑战。challenge his theory：向他的理论挑战。publish：出版。guide：指导。 2.  He was one of the principal organizers of the association.A.  planners B.  employees C.  actors D.  recipients 正确的答案是: A 答案解释:principal orgainzer：主要组织者。planner：组织者，策划者。employee：雇员。actor：演员。recipien

3、t：接受者。如：She is a welfare recipient她是接受福利救济的人。 3.  It is postulated that population increase has strong effect on economic fluctuations.A.  challenged B.  assumed C.  deducted D.  decreed 正确的答案是: B 答案解释:postulate：假定。与assume (设想；假定)意思相近。I assume you dont driveMrJones?琼斯先生，我想你不

4、会开车吧? challenge：挑战。His authority was challenged他的权威性受到了挑战 deduct：减去。Tax will be deducted automatically from your wages税会自动从你工资中扣除。decree：颁布(法令、政令)。The minister decreed that there would be a full investigation over this matter部长下令，将对此进行全面调查。 4.  This kind of animals are on the verge of extinctio

5、n, because so many are being killed for their fur.A.  drying up B.  dying out C.  being exported D.  being transplanted 正确的答案是: B 答案解释:extinction：灭绝，绝迹。与die out(绝种)意思相近。The giant panda is in danger of dying out大熊猫面临绝种的危险。dry up：擦干。Let me wash up these plates and you dry them up我来

6、洗盘子，你来把它们擦干。export：出口。Many bicycles are exported each year. 每年都有许多自行车出口到国外。transplant：移植，迁移。Many vegetables were trartsplanted to the north，growing in the greenhouse许多种蔬菜移植到了北方，在温室里生长。 5.  The train came to an abrupt stop, making us wonder where we were.A.  slow B.  noisy C.  sud

7、den D.  jumpy 正确的答案是: C 答案解释:abrupt : 突然的。Following an abrupt change of the topic，we started to complain about the quality of food.话题突然一转，我们开始抱怨饭菜的质量。sudden与abrupt的意思近似：突然的。slow：慢。noisy：吵人的。jumpy：跳动的；神经过敏的。 She seemed very jump recently . 她最近情绪很不稳定。 6.  During the Second World War, all imp

8、ortant resources in the U.S. were allocated by the Federal Government.A.  nationalized B.  commandeered C.  taxed D.  distributed 正确的答案是: D 答案解释:allocate：分配，拨给。distribute：分发，分布。Distribute the pictures among the children，will you?请把图片发给孩子们，好吗?nationalize：国有化。The govemment decided

9、to nationalize the railways and the mines政府决定将铁路和矿山国有化。commandeer：征用。They were afraid that their land would be commandeered他们害怕土地会被征用。tax：征税。Cigarettes in this country are heavily taxed这个国家对香烟征很高的税。 7.  The little boy was so fascinated by the mighty river that he would spend hours sitting on it

10、s bank and gazing at the passing boats and rafts.A.  very strong B.  very long C.  very great D.  very fast 正确的答案是: A 答案解释:mighty：强大的，强有力的。We are dealing with forces that are mightier than ourselves我们正在应付强于我们的势力。strong：强壮的。long：长的。great：大的，伟大的。fast：快的。 8.  The stories of Sar

11、ah Orne Jewett are considered by many to be more authentically regional than those of Bret Harte.A.  elegantly B.  genuinely C.  intentionally D.  thoroughly 正确的答案是: B 答案解释:authentic：真的，真正的。an authentic manuscript：一部真正的原稿。genuine：真的，真正的。gloves made of genuine leather：真皮手套。elegant

12、：优雅的，漂亮的。intentional：故意的，有意识的。thorough：彻底的，仔细周到的。 9.  The number of United States citizens who are eligible to vote continue to increase.A.  encouraged B.  enforced C.  expected D.  entitled 正确的答案是: D 答案解释:eligible：有资格的。Those who have a mountain bike are eligible to ioin the

13、 club拥有山地自行车的人有资格加入此俱乐部。entitle：给权利(或资格)。be entitled to：有权(或资格)。Everyone is entitled to receive education人人都有受教育的权利。注意：be entitled to中的to既可能是不定式的to，也可能是介词to。也就是说整个短语除可跟动词原形外，也可以跟名词短语。如：Every child in Britain is entitled to free education英国的每个孩子都有权享受免费教育。encouraged：此处是encourage(鼓励)的过去分词形式。The childre

14、n are encouraged to go in for more sports孩子们受到参加更多体育运动的鼓励。expected：此处是expect(期望)的过去分词形式。We are expected to finish the job before six他们期望我们6点钟之前做完这项工作。 10.  Formulated in 1823, the Monroe Doctrine asserted that the Americas were no longer open to European colonization.A.  stated firmly B. &

15、#160;argued light mindedly C.  thought seriously D.  announced regrettably 正确的答案是: A 答案解释:asserted：宣称，断言。与stated firmly(坚定地说)意思相近。argued lightmindedlv： 轻率地争辩。thought seriously：严肃地认为。announced regrettably：令人遗憾地宣布。美洲(America)包括北美洲，中美洲和南美洲。 11.  Smoking is not permitted in the office.A.

16、 probable B.  possible C.  admitted D.  allowed 正确的答案是: D 答案解释:permit：允许。allow：允许。They shouldnt allow parking in the street；its too narrow他们不该允许在街道上停车，街道太窄了。probable：很可能。It is probable that it will rain tomorrow明天很可能下雨。possible：可能的。Is such a thing possible?这样的事有可能发生吗?admit：承认。I&#

17、39;m willing to admit that I do make mistakes我愿意承认我确实会犯错。 12.  The chairman proposed that we should stop the meeting.A.  stated B.  declared C.  suggested D.  announced 正确的答案是: C 答案解释:propose：建议；提议。suggest：建议。She suggested that he should adapt himself to his new conditions她建

18、议他应适应新的情况。state：陈述，宣布。Youll have to state what exactly these terms mean你须说明这些术语的确切意思是什么。declare：宣布。She declared that she didnt want to see him again她宣布不想再见到他。announce：宣布。They annonnced that she would give an extra song他们宣布她会再唱一支歌。 13.  I feel regret about what's happened.A.  sorry B. &

19、#160;disappointed C.  shameful D.  disheartened 正确的答案是: A 答案解释:regret：feel regret about sth对感到懊悔。sorry：后悔的。The manager had said that he was sorry and there was nothing he could do about it经理说过他很遗憾，对此他没有什么办法。I'm sorry to be late对不起，我来晚了。disappointed：失望的。Thev were very disappointed at th

20、e outcome of the talks他们对会议的结果深感失望。shameful：可耻的，不光彩的。To steal money from a blind person is a shameful act偷盲人的钱是可耻的行为。disheartened：泄气。She is easily disheartened by difficulties面对困难，她很容易泄气。 14.  She has proved that she can be relied on in a crisis.A.  lived on B.  depended on C.  l

21、ived off D.  believed in 正确的答案是: B 答案解释:rely on：依靠。depend on：依靠，依赖. The town depends almost solely on the tourist trade小镇的经济主要依靠旅游业。live on：靠生活。They iive on vegetarian food他们以素食为生。live off"靠生活。She still lives offherparents她仍靠父母养活。believe in：对有信心。If you believe in yourself you can succeed如果

22、你相信自己，你就会取得成功。 15.  John removed his overcoat.A.  took away B.  left aside C.  took off D.  washed off 正确的答案是: C 答案解释:remove：脱掉；去掉。take off"脱掉，拿下。She took offher spectacles她摘下了眼镜。take away：拿去，剥夺。They are going to take my citizenship away他们将剥夺我的公民资格。leave aside：搁置。Lets l

23、eave aside the matter for a moment让我们暂且把此事搁一搁。wash off"把洗掉。Wash these dirty marks offthe wall把墙上的这些污点洗掉。 大题 2: 语法选择 ,请在下列选项中选出正确答案。 16.  _ that she was going off to sleep, I asked if shed like that little doll on her bed.A.  Seeing B.  To see C.  See D.  Seen 正确的答案是: A

24、答案解释:非谓语动词see构成的短语与句子的主语I即其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，用在句首，中间与句子用逗号分开，表示伴随情况，用作伴随状语，因此用现在分词。 17.  I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _.A.  to be breathed B.  to breathe C.  breathing D.  being breathed 正确的答案是: B 答案解释:在主系表结构中，当表语形容词为good, light,heavy, difficu

25、lt等时，其后常用不定式作状语，表示时间，原因，结果等，且常用主动形式表示被动意义，因此选B。此处为特殊情况。 18.  -Did the book give the information you needed? -Yes. But _ it, I had to read the entire book. A.  to find B.  find C.  to be finding D.  finding 正确的答案是: A 答案解释:非谓语动词短语与主句之间用逗号隔开，作状语。根据句意：为了找到需要的信息，我不得不看完整本书的内容，表示目的

26、。不定式常在句首作目的状语，且此处不表示动作正在进行，因此用一般式，选A。 19.  Is Bob still performing? I'm afraid not. He is said_ the stage already as he has become an official A.  to have left B.  to leave C.  to have been left D.  to be left 正确的答案是: A 答案解释:非谓语动词leave作主语he的补足语；逻辑主语是“he”，与动词“leave”为主动关系，

27、因此可排除C、D两项；根据句意，强调主语“he”在“is said”之前已经离开了舞台，故应该用完成式，可排除B项，正确答案A。 20.  _ from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.A.  Being separated B.  Having separated C.  Having been separated D.  To be

28、 separated 正确的答案是: C 答案解释:非谓语动词在句中作状语；逻辑主语是“Australia”，与动词“separate”为被动关系，排除B项；“separate”是主句谓语动词所表示的动作发生的原因，发生在之前，所以要用完成式，A、D项可排除，正确答案C。 21.  _ automatically the e-mail will be received by all the club members.A.  Mailed out B.  Mailing out C.  To be mailed out D.  Having mailed out 正确的答案是: A 答案解释:非谓语动词作方式状语，排除C项（不定式表目的）；逻辑主语“the e-mail”与动词“mail”为被动关系，排除B项和D项，正确答案A。 22.  While watching television, _.A.  the doorbell rang B.  the doorbell rings C.  we heard the doorbell ring D.  w