数据库实验三

1、西南石油大学实验报告课程名称：数据库原理插入你的照片实验项目名称：实验3 SQL数据定义语言 专业年级班级、姓名、学号：电子邮件地址：实验所用机器名：实验时间地点：2015.12.11 明理楼实验指导教师：孙瑜成绩批改人批改日期注意：在粘贴截图时请保留窗口完整标题，但只需保留关键界面，多余的空白界面请删除。一、实验课时：4二、实验目的(1) 掌握使用T-SQL语句创建、删除数据库的方法。(2) 掌握使用T-SQL语句创建、修改、删除表的方法。(3) 掌握使用T-SQL语句创建、删除数据库完整性约束条件的方法。(4) 掌握使用T-SQL语句对表添加、修改、删除数据的方法。(5) 掌握使用T-SQ

2、L语句创建、修改、删除、查询视图的方法。三、实验要求(1) 使用SQL Server 2008查询分析器。(2) 严格依照操作步骤进行。(3) 在本地服务器中创建和管理数据库。四、实验环境(1) PC机。(2) SQL Server 2008。五、实验内容及步骤（请特别注意实验步骤:第6项的第1小项，即“插入数据”操作必须在第4项以前执行）    1使用Transact-SQL语句创建JOBS数据库，数据库名格式为JOBS_SunYu(即JOBS_你的中文名字拼音)CREATE Database JOBS_DengZhiPeng;2使用Transact-SQL语句

3、创建JOBS数据库包含的所有表EMPLOYEECREATE TABLE EMPLOYEE(EMPNO SMALLINT NOT NULL,SUPNAME VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,FORENAMES VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,DOB DATE NOT NULL,ADDRESS VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,TELNO CHAR(10) NOT NULL,DEPNO SMALLINT NOT NULL);JOBHISTORYCREATE TABLE JOBHISTORY(EMPNO SMALLINT NOT NULL,POSITION VARCHAR(

4、50) NOT NULL,STARDATE DATE NOT NULL,ENDDATE DATE NULL,SALARY INT NOT NULL);COURSECREATE TABLE COURSE(COURSENO SMALLINT NOT NULL,CNAME VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,CDATE DATE NOT NULL);DEPARTMENTCREATE TABLE DEPARTMENT(DEPNO SMALLINT NOT NULL,DNAME VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,LOCATION VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL,HEAD SMAL

5、LINT NOT NULL);EMPCOURSECREATE TABLE EMPCOURSE(EMPNO SMALLINT NOT NULL,COURSENO SMALLINT NOT NULL);3使用Transact-SQL语句创建JOBS数据库包含表的主键、外键约束条件创建每个表的主键：ALTER TABLE EMPLOYEE ADD CONSTRAINT PK_EMPLOYEEPRIMARY KEY (EMPNO);ALTER TABLE JOBHISTORY ADD CONSTRAINT PK_JOBHISTORYPRIMARY KEY (EMPNO,POSITION,STARDAT

6、E);ALTER TABLE COURSE ADD CONSTRAINT PK_COURSEPRIMARY KEY (COURSENO);ALTER TABLE DEPARTMENT ADD CONSTRAINT PK_DEPARTMENTPRIMARY KEY (DEPNO);ALTER TABLE EMPCOURSE ADD CONSTRAINT PK_EMCOURSEPRIMARY KEY (EMPNO,COURSENO);创建关系：ALTER TABLE JOBHISTORY ADD CONSTRAINT FK_JOBHISTORY_EMPLOYEEFOREIGN KEY (EMPNO

7、)REFERENCES EMPLOYEE (EMPNO);ALTER TABLE EMPCOURSE ADD CONSTRAINT FK_EMPCOURSE_EMPLOYEEFOREIGN KEY (EMPNO)REFERENCES EMPLOYEE (EMPNO);ALTER TABLE EMPCOURSE ADD CONSTRAINT FK_EMPCOURSE_COURSEFOREIGN KEY (COURSENO)REFERENCES COURSE (COURSENO);ALTER TABLE EMPLOYEEADD CONSTRAINT FK_EMPLOYEE_DEPARTMENTFO

8、REIGN KEY (DEPNO)REFERENCES DEPARTMENT (DEPNO);ALTER TABLE DEPARTMENTADD CONSTRAINT FK_DEPARTMENT_EMPLOYEEFOREIGN KEY (HEAD)REFERENCES EMPLOYEE(EMPNO);具体关系：EXECUTE sp_helpconstraint DEPARTMENT;EXECUTE sp_helpconstraint EMPCOURSE;EXECUTE sp_helpconstraint JOBHISTORY;EXECUTE sp_helpconstraint EMPLOYEE

9、;(所有JOBS中表的约束图。注意：必须如上图所示清楚完整显示约束的constraint_type、constraint_name、constraint_keys等信息。)4备份JOBS数据库 5 使用Transact-SQL语句在JOBS数据库里创建视图(注意：在以下各个小题中，后续题目可以利用前面题目创建的视图)(1) 创建一个名为“firstview”的视图，列出不重复的所有选修了课程的empno (插入定义该视图的SQL窗口)CREATE VIEW firstview(EMPNO)ASSELECT DISTINCT EMPNOFROM EMPCOURSE;(插入查询该视图的SQL窗口及

10、结果)(2) 创建一个名为“secondview”的视图，列出所有empno小于5的员工信息(插入定义该视图的SQL窗口)CREATE VIEW secondview(EMPNO,SUPNAME,FORENAMES,DOB,ADDRESS,TELNO,DEPNO)ASSELECT *FROM EMPLOYEEWHERE EMPNO < 5;(插入查询该视图的SQL窗口及结果)(3) 创建一个名为“thirdview”的视图，列出每个empno及其相应的选修课程数(插入定义该视图的SQL窗口)CREATE VIEW thirdview(EMPNO,COURSENUM)ASSELECT EL

11、.EMPNO,COUNT(*)FROM EMPLOYEE EL JOINEMPCOURSE EC ON EL.EMPNO = EC.EMPNOGROUP BY EL.EMPNO;(插入查询该视图的SQL窗口及结果)(4) 创建一个名为“fourthview”的视图，列出每个empno及其已经或正在从事的工作数 (插入定义该视图的SQL窗口)CREATE VIEW fourthview(EMPNO,JOBNUM)ASSELECT EL.EMPNO ,COUNT(*) FROM EMPLOYEE ELJOIN JOBHISTORY JO ON EL.EMPNO = JO.EMPNOGROUP BY

12、 EL.EMPNO;(插入查询该视图的SQL窗口及结果)SELECT * FROM FOURTHVIEW;(5) 创建一个合并第3和第4小题视图的SELECT语句，以查询每个empno对应的工作数和课程数。你不需要重复创建视图，只需要利用前面两个小题中已经创建好的视图。如果某员工号对应的课程数为0，则在查询结果中应显示为NULL。提示：用外连接(插入该查询的SQL窗口及结果)SELECT EL.EMPNO,T.COURSENUM,F.JOBNUM FROM EMPLOYEE EL LEFT JOIN THIRDVIEW T ON T.EMPNO = EL.EMPNOJOIN FOURTHVIE

13、W F ON EL.EMPNO =F.EMPNO;  6使用Transact-SQL语句对表添加、修改、删除数据(1) 插入数据按照ActiveSQL_JobsDB.rar文件里的数据库状态图插入所有表的数据(如果试图插入的数据将会违反第3步创建的约束条件，则可跳过该行数据的输入)。INSERT INTO COURSE(COURSENO,CNAME,CDATE)VALUES (1,'Basic Accounting','1989-01-11');INSERT INTO COURSE(COURSENO,CNAME,CDATE)VALUES (2,'

14、;Further Accounting','1989-01-25');INSERT INTO COURSE(COURSENO,CNAME,CDATE)VALUES (3,'Issues In Administration','1988-09-27');INSERT INTO COURSE(COURSENO,CNAME,CDATE)VALUES (4,'More Administration','1988-10-16');select * from course;ALTER TABLE EMPLOYEE AL

15、TER COLUMN DEPNO SMALLINT NULL;INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE(EMPNO,SUPNAME,FORENAMES,DOB,ADDRESS,TELNO,DEPNO)VALUES (1,'Jones','Elizabeth Barbara','1944-01-05','26 Agnews Terrace,Shamrock Bay','2123372288', NULL);INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE(EMPNO,SUPNAME,FORENAMES,DOB,ADDRESS

16、,TELNO,DEPNO)VALUES (2,'Smith','Robert','1947-02-07','18 Marsh Street,Tollcross,Edinburgh','0317328972', NULL);INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE(EMPNO,SUPNAME,FORENAMES,DOB,ADDRESS,TELNO,DEPNO)VALUES (3,'White','Allan','1961-05-05','6 Remote Pla

17、ce,North Berwick','1215556622', NULL);INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE(EMPNO,SUPNAME,FORENAMES,DOB,ADDRESS,TELNO,DEPNO)VALUES (4,'Reid','Gordon','1963-08-10','9 Noble Road,Penicuik','6294246713', NULL);INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE(EMPNO,SUPNAME,FORENAMES,DOB,ADDRESS,T

18、ELNO,DEPNO)VALUES (5,'MacCallan','Claire','1958-09-18','25 Crisis Avenue,Leith,Edinburgh','0313374166', NULL);INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE(EMPNO,SUPNAME,FORENAMES,DOB,ADDRESS,TELNO,DEPNO)VALUES (6,'Murphy','Brian Charles','1954-06-30','9 Ro

19、berts Street,Biggar','3312294147', NULL);当录制完DEPARTMENT以后，再将NULL设置为相应的DEPNO值。UPDATE EMPLOYEESET DEPNO = 1WHERE DEPNO IS NULL;最后的结果：INSERT INTO DEPARTMENT(DEPNO,DNAME,LOCATION,HEAD)VALUES (1,'accounts','floor3',1);INSERT INTO DEPARTMENT(DEPNO,DNAME,LOCATION,HEAD)VALUES (2,

20、'administration','floor2',1);INSERT INTO DEPARTMENT(DEPNO,DNAME,LOCATION,HEAD)VALUES (3,'software design','floor1',2);INSERT INTO DEPARTMENT(DEPNO,DNAME,LOCATION,HEAD)VALUES (4,'communications','floor4',3);select * from DEPARTMENT;INSERT INTO EMPCOURSE

21、(EMPNO,COURSENO)VALUES (1,1);INSERT INTO EMPCOURSE(EMPNO,COURSENO)VALUES (1,2);INSERT INTO EMPCOURSE(EMPNO,COURSENO)VALUES (2,1);INSERT INTO EMPCOURSE(EMPNO,COURSENO)VALUES (2,2);select * from EMPCOURSE;INSERT INTO JOBHISTORY(EMPNO,POSITION,STARDATE,ENDDATE,SALARY)VALUES (1,'Accounts Manager'

22、;,'1976-01-12',NULL,30000);INSERT INTO JOBHISTORY(EMPNO,POSITION,STARDATE,ENDDATE,SALARY)VALUES (1,'Assistant Accounts Manager','1972-02-11','1976-01-12',22000);INSERT INTO JOBHISTORY(EMPNO,POSITION,STARDATE,ENDDATE,SALARY)VALUES (1,'Accountant','1968-03-1

23、0','1972-02-11',15000);INSERT INTO JOBHISTORY(EMPNO,POSITION,STARDATE,ENDDATE,SALARY)VALUES (1,'Junior Accountant','1964-04-09','1968-03-10',6000);INSERT INTO JOBHISTORY(EMPNO,POSITION,STARDATE,ENDDATE,SALARY)VALUES (2,'Assistant Accounts Manager','197

24、6-05-08',NULL,25000);INSERT INTO JOBHISTORY(EMPNO,POSITION,STARDATE,ENDDATE,SALARY)VALUES (2,'Accountant','1971-06-07','1976-05-08',16000);INSERT INTO JOBHISTORY(EMPNO,POSITION,STARDATE,ENDDATE,SALARY)VALUES (2,'Junior Accountant','1967-07-06','1971-06

25、-07',8000);INSERT INTO JOBHISTORY(EMPNO,POSITION,STARDATE,ENDDATE,SALARY)VALUES (3,'Accountant','1981-08-05',NULL,16000);INSERT INTO JOBHISTORY(EMPNO,POSITION,STARDATE,ENDDATE,SALARY)VALUES (3,'Junior Accountant','1981-09-04','1984-08-05',8000);INSERT INTO

26、 JOBHISTORY(EMPNO,POSITION,STARDATE,ENDDATE,SALARY)VALUES (4,'Accountant','1989-10-05',NULL,16000);INSERT INTO JOBHISTORY(EMPNO,POSITION,STARDATE,ENDDATE,SALARY)VALUES (5,'Accountant','1980-11-02',NULL,16000);INSERT INTO JOBHISTORY(EMPNO,POSITION,STARDATE,ENDDATE,SALARY)VALUES (5,'Junior Accountant'