新编跨文化交际英语教程_参考答案unit1

1、Unit 1Communication Across CulturesReading IIntercultural Communication ：An IntroductionComprehension questions1. Is it still often the case that “ everyone 'qusick to blame the alien ”in the contemporary worldThis is still powerful in today 's social and political rhetoric. For instance, it

2、 is not uncommon in today s society to hear people say that most, if not all, of the social and economic problems are caused by minorities and immigrants.2. What 's the difference between today's intetraccutltaunrdaltchoant of any time inthe pastToday sintercultural encounters are far more n

3、umerous and of greater importance than in any time in history.3. What have made intercultural contact a very common phenomenon in our life todayNew technology, in the form of transportation and communication systems, has accelerated intercultural contact; innovative communication systems have encour

4、aged and facilitated cultural interaction; globalization of the economy has brought people together; changes in immigration patterns have also contributed to intercultural encounter.4. How do you understand the sentence“ culture is everything and everywhereCulture supplies us with the answers to que

5、stions about what the world looks like and how we live and communicate within that world. Culture teaches us how to behave in our life from the instant of birth. It is omnipresent.5. What are the major elements that directly influence our perception and communicationThe three major socio-cultural el

6、ements that directly influence perception and communication are cultural values, worldview (religion), and social organizations (family and state).6. What does one 's family teach him or her while he or she grows up in itThe family teaches the child what the world looks like and his or her place

7、 in that world.7. Why is it impossible to separate our use of language from our cultureBecause language is not only a form of preserving culture but also a means of sharing culture. Language is an organized, generally agreed-upon, learned symbol system that is used to represent the experiences withi

8、n a cultural community.8. What are the nonverbal behaviors that people can attach meaning toPeople can attach meaning to nonverbal behaviors such as gestures, postures, facial expressions, eye contact and gaze, touch, etc.9. How can a free, culturally diverse society existA free, culturally diverse

9、society can exist only if diversity is permitted to flourish without prejudice and discrimination, both of which harm all members of the society.Reading IIThe Challenge of GlobalizationComprehension questions1. Why does the author say that our understanding of the world has changedMany things, such

10、as political changes and technological advances, have changed the world very rapidly. In the past most human beings were born, lived, and died within a limited geographical area, never encountering people of other cultural backgrounds. Such an existence, however, no longer prevails in the world. Thu

11、s, all people are faced with the challenge of understanding this changed and still fast changing world in which we live.2. What a “ global village” is likeAs our world shrinks and its inhabitants become interdependent, people from remote cultures increasingly come into contact on a daily basis. In a

12、 “global village”, members of once isolated groups of people have to communicate with members of other cultural groups. Those people may live thousands of miles away or right next door to each other.3. What is considered as the major driving force of the post-1945 globalizationTechnology, particular

13、ly telecommunications and computers are considered to be the major driving force.4. What does the author mean by saying that“ the global ' may be more local thanthe local '”The increasing global mobility of people and the impact of new electronic media on human communications make the world

14、seem smaller. We may communicate more with people of other countries than with our neighbors, and we may be more informed of the international events than of the local events. In this sense, “the global'may be more local than the local'.”5. Why is it important for businesspeople to know dive

15、rse cultures in the worldEffective communication may be the most important competitive advantage that firms have to meet diverse customer needs on a global basis. Succeeding in the global market today requires the ability to communicate sensitively with people from other cultures, a sensitivity that

16、 is based on an understanding of cross-cultural differences.6. What are the serious problems that countries throughout the world are confronted withCountries throughout the world are confronted with serious problems such as volatile international economy, shrinking resources, mounting environmental

17、contamination, and epidemics that know no boundaries.7. What implications can we draw from the case of Michael FayThis case shows that in a world of international interdependence, the ability to understand and communicate effectively with people from other cultures takes on extreme urgency. If we ar

18、e unaware of the significant role culture plays in communication, we may place the blame for communication failure on people of other cultures.8. What attitudes are favored by the author towards globalizationGlobalization, for better or for worse, has changed the world greatly. Whether we like it or

19、 not, globalization is all but unstoppable. It is already here to stay. It is both a fact and an opportunity. The challenges are not insurmountable. Solutions exist, and are waiting to be identified and implemented. From a globalistic point of view, there is hope and faith in humanity.Case StudyCase

20、 1In this case, there seemed to be problems in communicating with people of different cultures in spite of the efforts made to achieve understanding.We should know that in Egypt as in many cultures, the human relationship is valued so highly that it is not expressed in an objective and impersonal wa

21、y. While Americans certainly value human relationships, they are more likely to speak of them in less personal, more objective terms. In this case, Richard s mistake might be that he chose to praise the food itself rather than the total evening, for which the food was simply the setting or excuse. F

22、or his host and hostess it was as if he had attended an art exhibit and complimented the artist by saying, “What beautiful frames your pictures are in.”In Japan the situation may be more complicated. Japanese people value order and harmony among persons in a group, and that the organization itself b

23、e it a family or a vast corporation is more valued than the characteristics of any particular member. In contrast, Americans stress individuality as a value and are apt to assert individual differences when they seem justifiably in conflict with the goals or values of the group. In this case: Richar

24、ds mistake was einffomrtaskitnog greatdefend himself. Let the others assume that the errors were not intentional, but it is not right to defend yourself, even when your unstated intent is to assist the group by warning others of similar mistakes. A simple apology and acceptance of the blame would ha

25、ve been appropriate. But for poor Richard to have merely apologized would have seemed to him to be subservient, unmanly.When it comes to England, we expect fewer problems between Americans and Englishmen than between Americans and almost any other group. In this case we might look beyond the gesture

26、 of taking sugar or cream to the values expressed in this gesture: for America ns.Help yU”self”；for the En glish coun terpart,Be my”guest”. American and English people equally enjoy entertaining and being entertained but they differ somewhat in the value of the distinction. Typically, theideal guest

27、 at an American party is one who makelsf ahtimhsoeme, even to thepoint of answering the door or fixing his own drink. For persons in many other societies, including at least this hypothetical English host, such guest behavior is presumptuous or rude.Case 2A common cultural misunderstanding in classe

28、s involves conflicts between what is said to be direct communication style and indirect communication style. In American culture, people tend to say what is on their minds and to mean what they say. Therefore, students in class are expected to ask questions when they need clarification. Mexican cult

29、ure shares this preference of style with American culture in some situations, and that wshy the students from Mexico readily adopted the techniques of asking questions in class. However, Korean people generally prefer indirect communication style, and therefore they tend to not say what is on their

30、minds and to rely more on implications and inference, so as to be polite and respectful and avoid losing face through any improper verbal behavior. As is mentioned in the case, to many Koreans, numerous questions would show a disrespect for the teacher, and would also reflect that the student has no

31、t studied hard enough.Case 3The conflict here is a difference in cultural values and beliefs. In the beginning, Mary didn't realize that her Dominican sister saw her as a member of the family, literally. In the Dominican view, family possessionsare shared by everyone of the family. Luz was actin

32、g as most Dominican sisters would do in borrowing without asking every time. Once Mary understood that there was a different way of looking at this, she would become more accepting. However, she might still experience the same frustration when this happened again. She had to find ways to cope with h

33、er own emotional cultural reaction as well as her practical problem (the batteries running out).Case 4It might be simply a question of different rhythms. Americans have one rhythm in their personal and family relations, in their friendliness and their charities. People from other cultures have different rhythms. The American rhythm is fast. It is characterized by a rapid acceptance of others.However, it is seldom that Americans engage the