高考英语代词专项讲解

1、高考英语代词专项讲解用来代替名词、名词短语或句子的词称为代词。代词可分为：人称代词、指示代词、 疑问代词、反身代词和不定代词等。高考重点要求：1、物主代词、疑问代词、反身代词和指示代词的基本用法2、定代词的指代含义以及数的情况3、it的基本用法第一节知识点概述一、人称代词1 .人称代词不仅仅指人，也可以指事或物。2 .第三人称的人称代词分阳性he (him),阴性she (her)和中性it (it),复数和宾语形式都只有一个形式they和them ,不分性别。3 .选用什么人称代词，取决于所要代替的名词。在数和性上要与所代替的名词保持一致。二、物主代词物主代词是用来表示所有关系的，分为形容词

2、性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。形容词性物主代词放在名词前作定语，相当于形容词；名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”，相当于名词，可以作主语、表语或宾语。物主代词的用法：(1)形容词性物主代词放在名词前作定语。例如：His pencil box is on the desk.This is our school.(2)名词性物主代词作名词用，本身就相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”，因此，后面不可再加名词。作主语：Richard ' s school bag is blue amine is black.理查德的书包是蓝色的，我的书包是黑 色的。(mine=my school

3、bag )作表语：It 'hs.这是他的(东西)。作宾语：He borrows your dictionary and you may borrow mine- 他借你的字典， 你可以借我的。(作及物动词的宾语)“of+名词性物主代词”可以放在名词后作定语，表示强调：He is a friend of mine.他是我的一个朋友。注息：试比较下面两句句子：This is a photo of mine.这是我的一张照片。(照片是我拥有的，但不一定照的是我本人)This is a photo of me.这是一张我本人的照片。(照片上是我本人)三、反身代词反身代词用于所强调的动作与动作执

4、行者的关系。通常在句中作表语、宾语和同位语。四、指示代词(一)指示代词是具有指示概念的代词this 这； that 那； these 这些； those 那些； such 如此的；same 同样的(二)指示代词的用法(1) this、 that、these、those在句子中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。(2) such 一般在句子中作定语或主语。such这样的“，such a这样一个，such as像这样的。(3) same可作定语、表语、主语和宾语。例如：1) That is our English teacher. (主语)2) This storybook is thicker than

5、that one.(定语)3) I prefer this (these) to that (those).(宾语)4) What he likes best is this/that.(表语)5) I have never read such an exciting book.(定语)6) I like such sports as basketball and swimming.(定语)7) Such is our trip plan.(主语)(指上文提到过或刚说过的内容)。8) She wants the book and I want the same.(宾语)9) We were b

6、orn on the same day.(定语) 一、/ ,注息：1) this、these指空间上离说话人较近的人或物，可以与 here连用；that、 those指 空间上离说话人较远的人或物，可以与 there连用。2)打电话或其他场合，本人这一方用 this或these.反之用that或those。3) such作定语时，如名词前有不定冠词，应把such置于不定冠词之前。4) 在same之前必须加冠词 the 。五、疑问代词1. Who用于询问别人姓名，身份或关系。What用于询问别人职业。2. Which指的物有范围限制，侧重于哪一个；What指的物无范围限制，侧重于种类。3. Wh

7、ose用于明确所有者。w hom在口语中，多为 who代替。六、不定代词不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫不定代词。常见的不定代词有 all, both, each, every,some, any, many, much, (a)few, (a)little, one, ones, either, neither, other, another, no, none 以 及含有 some-, any-, no-等的合成代词 (如： anybody, something, no one)。这些不定代词大多 可以代替名词，在句子中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。但 none和由some, any, no,

8、 every构 成的复合不定代词 (如somebody等)只能作主语、宾语和表语。而every和no只能作定语。七 、 it 的 用 法（一）作无人称代词1. 指代天气、时间、距离、季节和自然现象等。例如：It rains continually in the south in June.It is a half hour s walk to the factory.2. 指代上文中提到的无生命的东西。例如：Where is my notebook? It was here just now.There is air all around us, but we cannot see it.3.

9、 代替有生命但不能或不必分阴阳性的东西（包括婴儿）。例如：The baby cried because it was hungry.Someone is knocking at the door, who can it be?（二）用作强调句，构成强调结构句型结构：It is（was）+强调部分+that。例如：It was last night that they left for H.K.It was I that（who） his sister in the park yesterday.（三） it 作形式主语和形式宾语it 作形式主语和形式宾语是为了使句子平衡， 而把真正的主语或宾语

10、置于句子后面。 例 如：I found it interesting to study English.It is of great help to master a foreign language.第二节 实战演练一、复习时需注意的要点1 .不定代词可作主语，当作主语时，要明确这一不定代词究竟是单数还是复数，以确定它和谓语动词在人和数的一致。2 .不定代词还可作定语。当作定语时，应该注意其所修饰的名词是可数还是不可数，以确定这个名词用单数还是复数。例 :Much has been done to fight pollution ； each of them has got a presen

11、t.3 .many, few 和 both 用于可数名词，表示复数概念。4 .A11, both和each和含有every的复合代词用在否定句中只表示部分否定。 例： Not all the students have been to the Austrlia.She can t work out both of the difficult problems.Everybody cannot work out the problem.5 .Neither,none 和含有 no 的复合代词表示全部否定。例:None of us can answer the question.Neither o

12、f the questions is right.历届高考试题分析例 1、 No progress was made in the trade talk as neither side would accept the conditions of A. others B. the otherC. eitherD. another答案： B根据上文 neither 的提示可以看出所指的应该是两者中的另外一个，所以用 theother。这句的意思是：贸易谈判没有取得进展，因为双方都不愿意接受对方的条件。例 2、 Shanghai is really a fascinating city and w

13、e've decided to stay fortwo weeks.A. another B. other C. the other D. other's答案为 A 。【解析】 another 意为“又一，再一” ，后面如接two, three 等数词或 few 等时，可与复数形式连用， 我们可以把two weeks 看作一个整体， 在原来的基础上再待两星期。 而 other，the other 用于两者之间的另一个， other's 是 other 的所有格形式，故B 、 C、 D 都不可选。例 3、 The Parkers bought a new house bu

14、twill need a lot of work before they canmove in.A. theyB. itC. oneD. which答案为 B 。【解析】it指代前面提到的单数名词。指同一个事物，此句中指 a new house;而one指“同名异物” ； which 引导定语从句，但题干中有连词but ，并非主从句， which 不妥；A 为复数，更易排除。例 4、 In fact is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.A. thisB. thatC. thereD.

15、 it答案为 D 。【解析】 it 在句子中作形式主语。真正的主语是to keep order in an important footballmatch。由于空格出现在fact的后面，所以一些考生把它当成了同位语从句，而选了 that。而实际上， in fact 是介词短语作状语，后不能接同位语从句。译文：实际上，在一次重大的足球赛中，对警察来说，维持秩序是一项很难的工作。例 5、 Some of the wheat is from Canada. What about ?A. another B. the other C. others D. the rest答案为 D 。【解析】whea

16、t是不可数名词，不能用 others代替。the rest既可代可数名词，也可代不可数名词，此处指the rest of the wheat。例 6、 If this dictionary is not yours, can it be?A. what elseB. who elseC. which elses D. who else s答案为 D 。【解析】考查关系代词所有格的用法。who else "其他什么人”，用于主格，宾格。whoelse's "其他什么人”，用于所有格。例 7、 One of the sides of the board should b

17、e painted yellow, and .A. the other is white B. another whiteC. the other white D. another is white答案为 C 。【解析】木板一般只有两面，把一面染成黄色的；另一面染成白色的，考查onethe other结构，由此排除 B、D;原句结构为"the other(should be painted)white ,为避免重复可 省略。例 8、He was nearly drowned once. When was ?was in 1998 when he was in middle schoo

18、l.A. that; It B. this; This C. this; It D. that; This 答案为 A 。【解析】 用 that 指代上文提到的事，避免了重复； it 指代时间。例 9、Your coffee smells great! It's from Mexico. Would you like?A. itB. someC. thisD. little答案为 B 。【解析】some相当于 some of this coffee.例 10、 Few pleasures can equal of a cool drink on a hot day.A. some B.

19、 anyC. thatD. those答案为 C 。【解析】 这句话的意思是“在炎热的夏天几乎没有任何乐趣能和饮一杯冷饮的乐趣相比。”that在句子中代表the pleasure。一些考生只注意到Few pleasures是复数，而没有注意到这里指的是饮一杯冷饮的乐趣，误填了 those。注意：使用代词时一定要弄清楚指代关系。第三节巩固练习Direction: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A、B、C and D.Choose the best answer that complete

20、s the sentence.1. I like in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.A. thisB. thatC. itD. one2. I will never know what was on his mind at the time, nor will.A. anyoneB. anyone else C. no oneD. no one else3. Playing tricks on others is we should never do.A. anythingB. somethingC. everythingD.

21、 nothing4. We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Peter made from some wood we had.A. itB. oneC. himselfD. another5. I got the story from Tom and people who had worked with him.A. every otherB. many othersC. some otherD. other than6. You can eat food free in my restaurant you like.A. wheneverB

22、. whereverC. whateverD. howevert spare me even one7. I intended to compare notes with a friend, but unfortunately couldnminute.A. theyB. oneC. whoD. it8. One week ' s time has been wasted.I can ' t believe we did all that work for.A. something B. nothingC. everything D. anything9. If you run

23、 after two hares, you will catch.A. noneB. neitherC. nothingD. no one10. She doesn ' t know anyone here. She has gotto talk to.A. anyoneB. someoneC. everyoneD. on one11. I have done much of the work . Could you please finish in two days ?D. the othersA . the rest B . the other C. another12. Whic

24、h of the three ways shall I take to the village?way as you please.A . EachB . EveryC. AnyD . Either13. You must never think that you are good at while others are good atA. everythingC. all nonesomething else B. everything nothing D. nothing all14. Do you like here? Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the

25、 way of life. Everything is so nice.A. thisB. theseC. thatD. it15. That' s an unpleasant thing to say about your father after he' s done for you.A. something B. anything C. allD. that16. I invited Joe and Linda to dinner, but of them came.A. neitherB. eitherC. noneD. both17. The Foreign Mini

26、ster said, "our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.A. This isB. There isC. That isD. It is18. is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.A. ItB. AsC. ThatD. What19. Some of the stamps belong to me, while the rest are .D. him and hersA. him an

27、d her B. his and hers C. his and her20. My mother opened of the drawers in turn , trying to decide what he was going to putin of them .A. every each B. everyone every C. every one 21. He was nearly drowned once. When was ? was in 1998 when he was in middle school.A. that - It B.this - ThisC. this -

28、It22. You're always working. Come on. Let's go shopping. you ever want to do is going shopping.A. Anything B. SomethingC. All23. Do you want tea or coffee? . I really don't mind.A. BothB. NoneC. EithereveryoneD. each eachD. that ThisD. ThatD. Neither24. Some students will remember these

29、terms as the most successful in the history of ourschool.A. onesB. ones C. oneD. one s25. This new rule may please some, but we d on t expect it to pleas_e.A. moreB. otherC. allD. any26. No agreement was reached during the peace talk as neither side would give way to A. anotherB. otherC. the otherD.

30、 any other27. who laughs last laughs best.A. HeB. OneC. ThatD. Those28. Children should be taught how to get along with A. anotherB. otherC. othersD. an other29. These plants are watered .A. each other day B. every other day C. each of two days D. every of two days 30. Would you like some wine? Yes,

31、 just .A. littleB. very littleC. a littleD. little bitt help31. Tom s mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but didnA. heB. whichC. sheD. it32. Is your camera like Bill s and Ann s ? No, but it s almost the same as .A. herB. yoursC. themD. their33. Have you finished your report yet? No

32、, I ll finish in ten minutes.A. anotherB. otherC. moreD. less34. I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have .A. itB. thoseC. themD. one35. I agree with most of what you said, but I don t agree with .A. everythingB. anythingC. somethingD. nothing36. Sarah has read lots of stories by Ameri

33、can writers. Now she would like to read storiesby writers from countries.A. some any B. other some C. some other D. other other37. It is generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants.A. howeverB. whateverC. whichever D. whenever38. Can you come on Monday or Tuesday? I m afraid day is possible.A. eitherB. neitherC. someD. any39. If you want to change for a double room you ll have to pay $15.A. anotherB. otherC. moreD. each40. I read about it in some book or other, does it