高一英语语法知识点.doc

1、高一英语语法知识点：变人称下面有一句顺口溜一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新。一随主是指在直接引语变间接引语时，假如从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：She said.My brother wants to go with me.She said her brother wanted to go with her.二随宾是指直接引语变间接引语时，假设从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。假如引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：He said to Kate.How is your sist

2、er nowHe asked Kate how her sister was then。第三人称不更新是指直接引语变间接引语时。假如从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：Mr Smith said。 Jack is a good worker。Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker。：变句型直接引语假如是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。如：She said, Our bus will arrive in five minutes.She said that their bus would arrive in

3、 five minutes.直接引语假如是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.如：He said, Can you swim, John He asked John if he could swim.You have finished the homework, havent you my mother asked.My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.Do you go to school by bus or by bike He asked me if I went

4、to school by bus or by bike.直接引语假如是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句(宾语从句必须用陈述句语序)。She asked me, When do they have their dinner She asked me when they had their dinner.直接引语假如是祈使句，间接引语应改为tell(ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth.句型。如：Dont make any noise, she said to the children.She told (ordered) the c

5、hildren not to make any noise.Bring me a cup of tea, please, said she.She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.直接引语假如是以Lets开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用suggest +动句词(或从句)。如：He said, Lets go to the film.He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film.引述别人的话有两种方式：一是使用引号引出人家的原话，这叫做直

6、接引语;一是用自己的话把人家的话转述出来，这叫做间接引语。例如：John said, Im going to London with my father.约翰说：我要和父亲到伦敦去。(引号内是直接引语)John said that he was going to London with his father.约翰说，他要和他父亲去伦敦。(宾语从句是间接引语)：直接引语变为间接引语间接引语为that引导的宾语从句(口语中that可以省略)，主句的引述动词主要有say ,tell, repeat, eplain, think等。He said , You are younger than I.-H

7、e said (that ) I was younger than him.间接引语为陈述语序：主句的谓语动词say 改为ask,或改为wonder, do not know, want to know, be not sure, be puzzled等。(1) 一般疑问句或反意疑问句变为if (whether)引导的宾语从句。She said, Do you often e here to read newspapersShe asked me if (或whether)I often went there to read newspapers.She asked me , You have

8、 seen the film, havent youShe asked me whether(或if )I had seen the film.(2) 选择疑问句变为whether.or 宾语从句。I asked him, Will you stay at home or go to a film tonightI asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night.(3)特殊疑问句变为由原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句。He asked , Where do you liveHe asked me where I l

9、ived.间接引语为不定式，作ask , tell, beg, order, warn, advise等动词的宾语补足语(dont 变为not ).The teacher said to the boy, Open the dow.The teacher told the boy to open the dow.His father said to him , Dont leave the door open.His father told him not to leave the door open.注意(1) 有些表示建议、提议、劝告或要求的祈使句，可以用suggest ,insist等动

10、词 加以转述。例如：He said, Lets go to the theatre.He suggested (our )going to the theatre.或He suggested that we(should) go to the theatre.(2) Would you mind opening the dow he asked.He asked me to open the dow.Why dont you take a walk after supper he asked .he advised me to take a walk after supper.Shall we

11、 listen to the mus he asked.He suggested listening to the mus.间接引语为what 或how 引导，也可以用that 引导。She said, What a lovely day it is !She said what a lovely day it was .或She said that it was a lovely day.5.假如主句谓语动词为各种如今时或一般将来时，那么间接引语中的动词仍保持直接引语原来时态。假如主句谓语动词为过去时，间接引语中的动词时态按以下变化：(1) 一般如今时变为一般过去时(2) 如今进展时变为过去

12、进展时(3) 一般将来时变为过去将来时(4) 如今完成时变为过去完成时(5) 一般过去时变为过去完成时(6) 过去完成时不变，仍为过去完成时注意(1) 假如直接引语是表示客观真理时，变为间接引语，一般如今时不改为一般过去时。如：The teacher said The earth goes round the sun.The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.(2) 假如直接引语中有明确表示过时间的状语，变为间接引语时，一般过去时不改为过去完成时。如：He said to me, I was born in 1973.He told

13、me that he was born in 1973.(3)假如直接引语所述事实在当时和目前同样生效，变为间接宾语时，一般如今时不改为一般过去时。如：He said, Im a boy, not a rl.He said that he is a boy ,not a rl.(4)假如直接引语中的谓语动词表示一种反复出现或习惯动作，在变为间接引时，一般如今时不改为一般过去时。如：The rl said, I get up at si every morning.The rl said that she gets up at si every morning.(5)假如直接引语中含有since

14、, when, while 引导的表示过去时间的状语从句，在变为间接引语时，只改变主句中的谓语动词，从句的一般过去时那么不变。如：He said to me, I have taught English since he came here .He told me that he had taught English since he came here.(6)假如直接引语中含有情态动词 must, need, had better以及情态动词的过去式could, might, should, would,在变为间接引语时，这些情态动词没有时态的改变。例如：The teacher said t

15、o me .You must pay more attention to your pronunciation.The teacher told me that I must (have to ) pay more attention to my pronunciation.He said , I could swim when I was only si .He said that he could swim when he was only si.6.代词等一般地应作用相应的变化。指示代词 this -thatthese- those表示时间的词 now - thentoday- that daythis week(month ,etc) -that we