词汇学第一、二章课后习题及答案

1、2012级(1)班Chaperl The Basic Concepts Of Words and Vocabulary of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.1.is the most important of all characteristics of the basic word stock. Stability national character2. Nonbasic vocabular

2、y includes all of the following except . words3. According to the origins of the words, English words can be classified intowords and functional words words and borrowed wordswords and dialectal words words and dialectal words4. Borrowings can be divided into.,semantic loans, translationloans, deniz

3、ens words, notional words, form words, content words,portmanteau words, acronyms, initializes,compounds, converted words and clipped words5. Apart from the characteristics of basic vocabulary, native words have two other features, namely.and stability in style and high frequency in useand polysemy a

4、nd arbitrariness6. The word beaver(meaning "girl " )is . dialectal word archaism7. AIDS as a nonbasic word is . archaismwords include the following word classes except . 9. Vocabulary can refer to the following except . total number of the words in alanguagethe words used in a particular h

5、istorical periodthe words of a given dialect words a person knowsis a loan word from.11.form the mainstream of the basic word stock. words B. Frenchwords words wordshumor is. translation loan semantic loan denizen alienand numerals are semanticallyand have limited .;use and stability ;collocability

6、and stability;use and productivity ;productivity andcollectabilityis.archaism,words fall into functional words and content words.frequency formation16. The symbolic connection between sound and meaning is almost always17. are loan words that have become assimilated in English. A. Denizens loans loan

7、s,which means “police ” ,is a(n) word.19. Wherein which means “in what " is a(n)word. difference between sound and form due to all the following except. phonemes than letters8. stabilization of spelling by printingof spelling by early scribesof pronunciationthe following statements with proper

8、words or expressions according to the course book1. Lexicology is a branch of linguisticsstudying the origins and of words .2. A word is a minimal free form of language that has a given sound, meaning and function.3. In spite of the differences between sound and form,at least percent ofthe English w

9、ords fit consistent spelling patternsthe words in language make up its_word stock is the foundations of the vocabulary accumulated over centuries andform the common core of the language._,begin is a native word.7 .vocabulary include cant,jargon and argot.8 . There is no relationship between the soun

10、d which stands for a thing oran idea and the actual thing and idea itself.9 .are the basic units of sentences.10 . Early borrowings are mostlywhereas later loan words remain foreign insound and spelling.whether the following statements are true or false()word can be defined in different ways from di

11、fferent points of view.()no circumstances can sound and meaning be intrinsically related.()introduction of printing press resulted in a lot more differences between sound and form.()words a person can use in speaking and writing form his active vocabulary.()principles by which to classify words are

12、usage, notion and origin.()words are more popular than foreign words.()words enjoy the same features as the basic word stock and more.()(meaning "old" ) is an instance of archaism.()a loan word known as an alien.() time no see is a case of translation loan.a term for each of the following

13、definitions.1. Sub-standard words often used on informal occasions )2. Specialized vocabulary common in certain professions )3. Words used by sub-culturegroups, particularly by understood society.()4. Words that have clear notions.()5. Words of Anglo-Saxon origin.()6. Words borrowed by way of transl

14、ation.()7. Old words with new meanings.()8. Words which have become assimilated.()9. Native forms whose meanings are borrowed.()10. Words essential to native speakers ' daily communication ) the following questions .Your answers should be clear and short.1. What is the relationship between sound

15、 and meaning2. Why are there so many differences between sound and form3. What are the criteria for classification of words4. What are the characteristics of the basic word and word stock Answers(eighty) 10assimilated2. Fwords words loans loan word stockV.1. The relationship is almost always arbitra

16、ry and conventional ana there is no logical connection between sound and meaning.2. There are four major reasons.The internal reason:the English alphabet was adopted from the Romans,which have more phonemes than letters,so there is not a separate letter to represent each sound.(2)Pronunciation has c

17、hanged more rapidly than spelling.(3)The spelling forms were changed by the early scribes to make theeir writing more recognizable.(4)Borrowing.3. There are mainly there criteria for may fall into:the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by use frequency;content words and functional words by not

18、ion;native words and borrowed words by prigin.4. The basic word stock has five charecteristic:allnationalcharacter,(2)stability,(3)productivi- ty,(4)polysemy,(5)productivity.Chapter2 The Development Of the English Vocabularyof the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the

19、one that would best complete the statement.1. It is assumed that the world has 3000 languages, which can be grouped into roughlylanguage families on the basis of similarities in their basicword stock and grammar.2. The following languages all belong to the Eastern set except . 3. In the Eastern set,

20、Armenian and are the sole modern languages in the two respective families.language does not belong to the Italic.early inhabitants of the British Isles spoke .Germanic speakers took permanent control of the land that was later called (the land of Angles).English has a vocabulary of about 50000 to 60

21、000 words,which is entirely Germanic with only a few borrowings from andScondinavian.influx of French words into English did not occur until after . the Middle English period,the three main dialects of the land were Northern, and Midland.10. is the chief ancestor of Modern English,not Southern.Norma

22、n Conquest started a continual flow of words into English.is an dialect,as its name implies, and intelligible to Northerner andSoutherners alike.number of words that poured into English was unbelievably great and covered every realm of culture and society in the Middle English period.English regaine

23、d social status in Middle English period,those imposer spoke French;those who were literate read and wrote ;those who could educate their children taught them in ;and any young man who sought to earn his living as a scribe learned or ;French;Latin;French ;French;French;English;French;Latin;French ;F

24、rench;Greek;Frenchthe early period of modern English,Europe saw a new upsurge in learning ancientGreek and Roman classic,which is known in history as the . the beginning of the 20thcentury, particularly after World WarII,although borrowing remains channel of English vocabulary expansion,more words a

25、re created by.Anglo- Saxon in the Old English period was almost a" " language,whichcreated new words from its own compound elements with few foreign words.one scholar notes,old English was characterized by" endings” ,MiddleEnglish by“leveled endings ” ,and Modern English by " end

26、ings".;lost full ;pure ;lostEnglish which was a language has evolved to the present language.;synthetic ;analytic ;analytic ;syntheticall the foreign languages from which we have borrowed words,Latin ,Greek,French,and stand out as the major contributors.the Pre-Anglo-Saxon period,the words borr

27、owed naturally from reflected the new experience in and .;economy ;agriculture ;shrinethe Old English period,borrowings from Latin came in because of the introductionof Christianity,such as, and .;candle ;sack ;shrine ;circle_centuries were especially prolific in Latin borrowingsunder the influence

28、of Renaissance.and 13 th and 14 thand15th and 16 thlate borrowings from Latin still retain their Latin of the following was borrowed in the Modern English periodB . Focusof the following does not come from Greekis from andtatami is from.;African ;Japanese ;Turkish ;JapaneseEnglish vocabulary develop

29、s through,analogyand ,semantic and borrowing,archaisms,and semantic change,denizens and argotof the following contemporary English vocabulary is from the rapid growth of science and technologysuit belt jacketsScandinavian languages:Norwegian,Swedish,Danish,andIcelandic,constitutethe branch of the Ge

30、rmanic group.archaic orwords also contributes to the growth of English vocabularythough insignificant.II . Decide whether the following statements are true or false.()is more closed related to German than French.()languages refer to Icelandic,Norwegian,Danish,and Swedish()English was a highly infect

31、ed language.()early Middle English period,English,Latin,and Celtic existed side by side.() introduction of printing into England marked the beginning of Modern English period.()English is considered to be an analytic language.( ) four major foreign contributors to English vocabulary in earlier times

32、 are Latin,French,Scandinavian and Italian.( )modern times,borrowing brings less than percent of modern English vocabulary.( )three major factors that promote the growth of modern English vocabulary areadvances in science and technology,influence of foreign cultures and languages.( ) most important

33、mode of vocabulary development in present-day English is creation of new words by means of word-formation.( ) English vocabulary was in essence Germanic with a small quantity of words borrowed from Latin and Scandinavian.( ) English absorbed a tremendous number of foreign words but with little chang

34、e in word endings.the following terms.1. the Indo-European Language Family2. Old English3. foreign elements4. creation5. semantic changefollowing answers should be clear and short1. Why did Middle become the chief ancestor of Modern English2. What are the characteristics of Modern English3. What are

35、 the reasons for the growth of contemporary English vocabulary4. What are the general characteristics of the world-wide appeal of English and comment on the following.1. Soft drinks and minerals sold here.Tell what“ soft drink ” and “ mineral ” mean respectively and explain why they take on those me

36、anings in modern American English.2. “ Moon” was originally written as “moan” and the pronuncia tions of the twowords are different,too .Explain the reasons for the change in spelling and pronunciation.AnswersI.II.III.1. The Indo-European Language Family is made up of most languages of Europe,the Ne

37、ar East,and to the geographical distribution,these languages fall into ten principal groups,belonging to two sets,namely an Eastern set and a Western Eastern set consists of:Balto-Slavic,Indo-Iranian,AmericanandAlbanian;theWestern set comprises:Celtic,Italic, Hellenic, Germanic, Hittite and Tocharia

38、n.2. Old English grew out of the Anglo-Saxon,which has a vocabulary of about 50000 to 60000 vocabulary is almost monogamous and entirely Geomantic with only a few borrowings from Latin and Scandinavian.3. English vocabulary owes most of its words to foreign words borrowed from other languages are kn

39、own as foreign elements in the English vocabulary.4. Creation refers to the formation of new words by using the existing materials,namely roots,affixes and other modern times,this is the most important way of vocabularyexpansion.5. Semantic change refers to an old form whichtakes on a new meaning to

40、 meet the new does not increase the number of word forms but create many new usage of the existing words.IV.1. There are several reasons:(1)The midland included London,which was then the capital of England,naturallythe political,economical and cultural center.(2)Two great writers Wycliffe and Chauce

41、r employed the Midland dialect in their writings.(3)Midland is an intermediate dialect,as its name implies,and intelligible toNortherners and Southerners alike,whereas these speakers could not often understand each other using their own dialects respectively.(4)When Caxton introduced the printing press in 1477, the printerspatronized the Midland dialect, and an