自然拼读法规则与材料

1、Phonics，即字母拼读法（又译自然拼音）是自然形成的一种发音规则，它主要教授英文字母（letter）与语音（sound）间的对应关系，是美国、加拿大本土孩子的必修课程。在初级英语中70%的单词在拼读时都是有规律可循的。一旦掌握了这种发音规则就不必去翻查字典而能够顺利地将单词读出。一旦孩子们学习了这种不用音标的发音规律可以很快学会拼读不认识的单词，提前进入阅读领域，使英语学习变得简单、快乐、有趣。为什么要学 Phonics？Phonics教学在美国至少已经有百年以上的历史了。适当的Phonics教学，一直被认为是最有效、最直接教授母语阅读的方法。美国学者Adams（1990）在Phonics

2、Instruction for the Nineties 里指出，出现在初级阅读材料中的词汇，其语音与字母间的对应关系相当稳定。孩子通常能从出现频率最高的37个音组中，拼出大约500个最常使用的词汇。国际音标 与Phonics的区别？国际音标如同中文的拼音系统，是另外形成的辅助系统，是为母语不是英语的学习者所服务的。整个系统完整但规则相对抽象，对非母语系学习者确实相当有帮助。但学习一套全新的符号及其发音规则，对小学高年级或初中生都不是很容易。Phonics 属于英语拼字系统的内在机制，经过百多年来的发展与完善，已是美国孩子的必学课程。Phonics 更注重英文字母与其发音的对应关系，可以迅速提

3、升英语阅读能力。对于英语为母语的学习者，因为有口语优势，在发现字母与发音的对应关系后，只要能把字的音念出来，就很容易联想到该字的意思，能直接认字或拼字。而中国孩子虽然没有母语背景、但Phonics 对于帮助认字、拼字、提高阅读能力，及从小教授正确英语发音方面仍然具有巨大的积极意义。总的来说，这两者对中国学习者都是不可或缺的，只是适合学习的年龄段有所不同而已。只掌握音标，会造成现在很多中国孩子都有的碰到生词就无法开口的现象。要知道除了字典，很少有国外书籍或绘本、读本会标注音标哦，无法发音就会严重破坏阅读的流畅性，进而影响到孩子的学习兴趣。而只掌握Phonics，会让孩子发现随着学习深入到脱离初级

4、英语范围后，越来越多的单词无法直接用Phonics拼出，发生与不少欧美人士一样的阅读困难现象。英语发展千百年来，不断吸收各语种词汇，而中国孩子缺乏口语环境，发生读音差错不足为奇。若能引入易学实用的Phonics，然后再系统学习国际音标，将使孩子受用终身！英语自然拼读学习的六阶成功法第一阶：建立字母与字母自然发音之间的直接联系。第二阶：能够成功拼读元音+辅音（辅音+元音）。如：c-a ca a-t at第三阶：能够成功拼读辅音+元音+辅音。如d-o-g dog第四阶：能够成功拼读双音节或多音节单词。如sw-ea-t-er sweater第五阶：能够听音辨字，即听到单词读音就能拼出该单词。第六阶：

5、单词量大量扩充，能够阅读英语文章。1. 自然拼读法的第一步是掌握二十六个字母的读音 (Letter Sounds). 其中五个元音字母(a, e, i, o, u)发两种音。2. 第二步是进行单元音字母的拼读练习，如： Sam, cat, mat, 等等3. 第三步, 是固定读音的单词 : the, a, is, to, have 等.4. 第四步，是一个单词里有两个元音时，前边一个元音发字母音，后边一个元音不发音，如： make, made, sea, five, nine, road等等5. 第五步, 是双/三辅音在一起时怎么联读, 如: bl(ack), str(eet)等；有一些辅音不

6、发音，如： ghost,comb, lamb等；要掌握一下与"h"联在一起的发音： ch, sh, th, wh。6. 第六步，是特殊读法：单音节词，以元音结尾， 这个元音发字母音 如： me, hi, go 等等Irregular: ar (car), ay(hay, may, say), igh (high, night, might), ew (new), er (sister, brother), ur(burn, hurt), ir (girl, fir, firm), or (horn), eigh (eight), oi (oil, boil), oy(boy

7、), ow等有其特别的发音"c" 与 "k" 在一起时，发一个音: quick, black等. 自然拼音拼读练习表第一天：a e i o u a_e e_e i_e o_e u_eAa : mat map bag cat hat fan bat appleEe:egg well red pen net hen bed bellIi: lick six bib pig pin kiss ink hillOo:ox on octopus box sock operate ostrichUu:sun umbrella cup bus nut gun uncl

8、e undercape name tape lake game make take hatethese Japanese Chinesebite five nine kite mine nice ride siderose nose rope note pose home rode thosetube cube June cute huge第二天:ai ay ee ea ey ie ighoa ow ui ueai: tail rain paint pain jail rail nailmaiday:bay ray way say hay pay May layee:reeds eel bee

9、 peel jeep feet see teethea:sea meat peanut eagle peach tea leaf peaey:donkey monkey jockey turkey monkeyhockey key trolleyie:tie pie lie dieigh:right sight night tight hight fighthigh sighoa:road toast toad coal goat boat coat soapow:rainbow pillow yellow window bowl rowhollow lowui:suit juice frui

10、tue:Sue blue glue true第三天:ar er ir ur orar: arm car armchair card cart farm parkgardener:sister brother under rooster wintermermaid marker motherir:birthday circus dirty bird circle dirtgirlur:turtle surfing turkey fur hurt pursenurseor:porch pork horse horn fort morning cornfork第四天:ou ow oi oy au a

11、w oo oo eaou:house out mouth count fountain mountainshout mouseow:cow towel clown owl crown brown flowertoweroi:coin oil point noise boil soil poisoncoiloy:oyster boy cowboy soy toyau:august sause sausage naughty autumnapplauseaw:paw draw saw straw strawberry lawnoo:moon zoo roof rooster boots food

12、spoonroom cool fool boom foolishoo:book cook good foot look hookea:head sweater sweat pear lead bearleather feather第五天:ch sh wh ph th th kn wrmbch:beach lunch cheese bench church chickenchair cherrysh:sheep shirt ship fish dish push shoesshovelwh:whale white wheel wheat whip whistlewheelchair whispe

13、rph:photo elephant telephone trophy pharmacyalphabetth:brother feather leather father motherth:thumb three bathmat thirsty thief bathmouth teethkn:knob knee knife knock knitwr:wrist wrinkle wrap wreath writemb:thumb lamb bomb comb crumb numb第六天:bl fl pl cl gl br cr gr pr fr tr drbl:blue black blouse

14、 bloom bleach blanket blondehairfl: flat flu fly flame flute floor flagflowerpl:plane play plus planet platform plumplate plantcl:clock cloud clean clay climb close clapclowngl:glove globe glass glue glasses gliderbr:bright brook brim bride brown breadbrick brothercr:crown crab cream crow crayon cro

15、codilecry croissantgr:gray green grass grapes ground growgrandmapr:prixe price prawn press prince princessprayfr:frog frost Friday French fries fruitfront friend frametr:tractor truck train tray tree triangletrunk trolleydr:dream drum dry drop draw drive dressdrink第七天:sm sn sl sw sp st sc sk all ew

16、ysm:smile small smell smoke smoothsn:snowman snow snore snake snail sneakerssneakers snacksl:slow slap sleep slide slope sledsw:switch swallow swan swim sweet swingsweater sweatsp:spider spaceship spinach spoon spellst:stockings store star stamp storm stickstudent standsc:scarf scooter scanner scare

17、crow scalescorpion scoopsk:skunk skis skirt skatesall:call tall fall ball wallew:dew few view hew new nephew newspaperYy: sky fly dry spy type shy cry my Yy :Miny sunny puppy dizzy dirty pony happybaby自然拼音强化练习：Tongue twister1.A big black bear sat on a big black bug.2.A big black bug bit a big black

18、dog onhis big black nose!3.Cat, Cat, catch that fat rat.4.A fat cat catches a mad rat.5.Blue glue gun, green glue gun.6.Black background, brown background.7.A noisy noise annoys an oyster.8.A good cook can cook good cookies.9.At noon I took a good book，andsat by the pool in the wood.I soon took off

19、my boot.And put my foot in thepool.Oh! How cool, how cool.10.The hunter and his huge horse hidebehind in house.11. Betty better butter Brad's bread.12.Two tiny tigers take two taxis to town.13.The first is the first.The third is thethird.The third can be the first, The first can be the third.14.

20、Sir, this girl wearing a dirty skirt isnot the first, but the third.15.A flea and a fly flew up in a flue. Saidthe flea, "Let us fly!" Said the fly, "Let us flee!" Sothey flew through a flaw in the flue.16. I wish you were a fish in my dish.17.Jean's three sheep are near the

21、greenjeep.18.There are thirty -three thousand threehundred and thirty-three feathers on that bird's throat.19.Neither father nor mother likes this weather.20.Its a goat,sitting in a boat,wearing acoat and writing a note.Its a bear,sitting on a chair,holding a pear andcombing its hair.Its a cock,

22、sitting on a rock,wearing a sock and looking at aclock.Its a fly,wearing a tie,holding a pie and waving good bye.第一天：a e i o u a_e e_e i_e o_e u_eAa : mat map bag cat hat fan bat appleEe:egg well red pen net hen bed bellIi: lick six bib pig pin kiss ink hillOo:ox on octopus box sock operate ostrichU

23、u:sun umbrella cup bus nut gun uncle undercape name tape lake game make take hatethese Japanese Chinesebite five nine kite mine nice ride siderose nose rope note pose home rode thosetube cube June cute huge第二天:ai ay ee ea ey ie igh oa ow ui ueai: tail rain paint pain jail rail nail maiday:bay ray wa

24、y say hay pay May layee:reeds eel bee peel jeep feet see teethea:sea meat peanut eagle peach tea leaf peaey:donkey monkey jockey turkey monkey hockey key trolleyie:tie pie lie dieigh:right sight night tight hight fight high sighoa:road toast toad coal goat boat coat soapow:rainbow pillow yellow wind

25、ow bowl row hollow lowui:suit juice fruitue:Sue blue glue true第三天:ar er ir ur orar: arm car armchair card cart farm park gardener:sister brother under rooster winter mermaid marker motherir:birthday circus dirty bird circle dirt girlur:turtle surfing turkey fur hurt purse nurseor:porch pork horse ho

26、rn fort morning corn fork第四天:ou ow oi oy au aw oo oo eaou:house out mouth count fountain mountain shout mouseow:cow towel clown owl crown brown flower toweroi:coin oil point noise boil soil poison coiloy:oyster boy cowboy soy toyau:august sause sausage naughty autumn applauseaw:paw draw saw straw st

27、rawberry lawnoo:moon zoo roof rooster boots food spoon room cool fool boom foolishoo:book cook good foot look hookea:head sweater sweat pear lead bear leather feather第五天:ch sh wh ph th th kn wr mbch:beach lunch cheese bench church chicken chair cherrysh:sheep shirt ship fish dish push shoes shovelwh

28、:whale white wheel wheat whip whistle wheelchair whisperph:photo elephant telephone trophy pharmacy alphabetth:brother feather leather father motherth:thumb three bathmat thirsty thief bath mouth teethkn:knob knee knife knock knitwr:wrist wrinkle wrap wreath writemb:thumb lamb bomb comb crumb numb第六

29、天:bl fl pl cl gl br cr gr pr fr tr drbl:blue black blouse bloom bleach blanket blonde hairfl: flat flu fly flame flute floor flag flowerpl:plane play plus planet platform plum plate plantcl:clock cloud clean clay climb close clap clowngl:glove globe glass glue glasses gliderbr:bright brook brim brid

30、e brown bread brick brothercr:crown crab cream crow crayon crocodile cry croissantgr:gray green grass grapes ground grow grandmapr:prixe price prawn press prince princess prayfr:frog frost Friday French fries fruit front friend frametr:tractor truck train tray tree triangle trunk trolleydr:dream dru

31、m dry drop draw drive dress drink第七天:sm sn sl sw sp st sc sk all ew ysm:smile small smell smoke smoothsn:snowman snow snore snake snail sneakers sneakers snacksl:slow slap sleep slide slope sledsw:switch swallow swan swim sweet swing sweater sweatsp:spider spaceship spinach spoon spellst:stockings s

32、tore star stamp storm stick student standsc:scarf scooter scanner scarecrow scale scorpion scoopsk:skunk skis skirt skatesall:call tall fall ball wallew:dew few view hew new nephew newspaperYy: sky fly dry spy type shy cry my Yy :Miny sunny puppy dizzy dirty pony happy baby我家dad，脾气bad，让我sad。有只cat，非常

33、fat， 专吃rat。放下plate，赶到gate，已经late。清晨wake，来到lake，钓上snake。撇下net，鱼没get，衣服wet。为捉pest，从不rest，本领best。一只pig，非常big，把洞dig。没给tip，把我lip，装上 zip。一只kite，颜色white，被狗bite。学会ride，妈妈pride。清晨jog，带上dog，踩到frog。轻轻hop，跳上top， 唱起pop。把眼close，用我nose，去闻rose。喝着coke，听着joke，把腰broke。举着gun，瞄准sun，不停run。小小bug，把我hug。找个excuse，借车use，遭到ref

34、use。假装mute，真是cute。开着car，向着star，路途far。想变smart，必须start ，学习art。一个driver，掉进river，生命over。一个robber，专抢 rubber。穿上shirt，脱下skirt，扔进dirt。这只bird，总跑third。个子short，喜欢sport，跑到airport。拿着fork，吃着pork。一个nurse，丢了purse。买只turtle，颜色purple。一只goat，穿件coat，上了boat。一片oat，卡在throat。燃烧oil，直到boil，倒进soil。是否join，抛起coin。带上hook，来到brook，

35、水面look。手拿book，一边look，开始cook。炎热noon，跳上spoon，飞到moon。一个fool，掉进pool，真是cool。西瓜round，长在ground，被我found。一只mouse, 穿件blouse, 走进house。天在snow， 风在blow，树在grow。秋风follow，树叶yellow，落到pillow。不知cow，近况how，去问now。一座town，不停down，快要drown。一只bee，躲进tree，没人see。悬崖deep，开着jeep，莫要sleep。抱着Barbie，吃着cookie, 看着movie。被我niece，摔成piece。丢了gl

36、ue，没有clue，脸气blue。手拿tissue，排好queue。一颗pea，掉进sea，泡壶tea。身体weak，爬上peak，无力speak。吞进lead，摸摸head，已经dead。吃着bread，报纸spread，开始read。不停train，没 有pain，哪有gain。把手raise，老师praise。小狗paw，那根straw，把画draw。坐在lawn，学习law。被窝cozy，床上lazy，真是crazy。抱着puppy，心里 happy。如果shy，不敢try，无机会fly。不停cry，眼泪dry，下锅fry。很多day，没发pay，无话say。天空gray，无心play

37、 ，回家stay。顽皮monkey，捡起key，扔向donkey。为了honey，节省money。有个boy，玩着toy，心中joy。跳进soy，尽情enjoy。一只hare，居然dare，对我stare。困难share，互相care，赶走scare。天气fair，凉爽air，吹拂hair。崭新chair，滚下stair， 需要repair。昨天fire，今天hire，后天retire。扑灭fire，真是tire。离我near，含着tear，叫我dear。一头bear，裙子wear，采摘pear。一只deer，举起beer， 大喊cheers。这个engineer，事事pioneer。洗完fa

38、ce，系好lace，参加race。吃着rice，加点ice ，口喊nice。听听music，变变magic，吃吃garlic。看完comic，野外picnic。动作quick，把只cock，藏进sock。脱下jacket，忘记 ticket, 还在pocket。同学each，手拿peach，来到beach。观众watch，激 烈match，球来catch。天气sunny，身无penny，感觉funny。最快runner, 成了wIinner, 享受dinner。拿起ink，不加think，仰头drink。敌人tank，装上bank，老天thank。一首song，歌词long，总唱wrong。山

39、路along，跑步long，身体strong。像个king，插上wing，不停swing。美好spring，歌儿 sing，鲜花bring。一头fox，躲避ox，藏进box。忘背text，绝无next。身体ill，买来 pill，堆成hill。一根needle，掉进noodle。饭后hurry，书包carry， 迟到sorry。我家parrot，爱吃carrot,做个dream，掉进stream, 大声scream,穿着dress，下着chess, 结果mess.一辆truck，满载duck，一路luck。碰到trouble，努力double。小小age，读读page，提高wage.打开fri

40、dge, 端出porridge, 扔下bridge.他很tough, 喝酒enough，从不laugh。心中wish，钓到fish，做成dish。飞机crash，烧成ash，损失cash。一个youth，张开mouth，吹到south。洗完bath，学 习math。我的mother, 生个brother, 想要another.寒冷weather, 身披leather, 头戴feather.高高sky ，不知why，掉下spy。站在peak，对天speak。到了night，打开light，保护sight。方法right，坚持fight，前途bright。一只chick，动作quick，把我kic

41、k 。吃饭quiet，注意diet。猫吃mice，味道nice，想吃twice。这对twin，总是win！1.A big black bear sat on a big black bug.2.A big black bug bit a big black dog on his big black nose!3.Cat, Cat, catch that fat rat.4.A fat cat catches a mad rat.5.Blue glue gun, green glue gun.6.Black background, brown background.7.A noisy noise

42、 annoys an oyster.8.A good cook can cook good cookies.9.At noon I took a good book，and sat by the pool in the wood.I soon took off my boot.And put my foot in the pool.Oh! How cool, how cool.10.The hunter and his huge horse hide behind in house.11. Betty better butter Brad's bread.12.Two tiny tig

43、ers take two taxis to town.13.The first is the first.The third is the third.The third can be the first, The first can be the third.14.Sir, this girl wearing a dirty skirt is not the first, but the third.15.A flea and a fly flew up in a flue. Said the flea, "Let us fly!" Said the fly, "

44、;Let us flee!" So they flew through a flaw in the flue.16. I wish you were a fish in my dish.17.Jean's three sheep are near the green jeep.18.There are thirty -three thousand three hundred and thirty-three feathers on that bird's throat.19.Neither father nor mother likes this weather.20

45、.Its a goat,sitting in a boat,wearing a coat and writing a note.Its a bear,sitting on a chair,holding a pear and combing its hair.Its a cock,sitting on a rock,wearing a sock and looking at a clock.Its a fly,wearing a tie,holding a pie and waving good bye.音标字母表作为儿童英语学习必须掌握的知识，那么每个字母如何发音呢？下面易贝乐少儿英语培训小

46、编就结合单词举例为大家详细讲解自然拼读法音标字母表以及相应的发音。A a e apple, actionB b b boy, birdC c k cake, catD d d dentist, doctor, dogE e egg, echoF f f frog, fishG g g girl, godH h h hen, hatI i I Indian, inch J j d juice, jacketK k k key, kiteL l l lion, lamp/ bellM m m monkey, mouse/drumN n n nurse, nose/tenO o a ox, owlP

47、 p p pig, penQ q k queen, quickR r r robot, ruler/hairS s s snake, sunT t t turtle, tableU u A up, umbrella/ ju unicornV v v vest, vanW w w watch, windowX x ks ox, box/ krIs XmasY y j yo-yoZ z z zebra, zoo1. Phonics自然拼读法二十六个字母的读音 (Letter Sounds).l 五个元音字母(a, e, i, o, u), 每个发两种音：长音（其字母音）与短音l y不在单词开头时，

48、一般被看做元音2. Phonics自然拼读法单元音单词拼读 (Consonant-Vowel-Consonant Combinations) 如果一个英语单词或音节里只有一个元音,且元音不在末尾，这个元音一般发短音. 如：Sam, cat, mat, 等等l Ending Consonantsl One Vowel Word, Short Vowel Soundsl Beginning Consonants3. Phonics自然拼读法双元音单词拼读(TwoVowel Words):一个单词或音节里有两个元音时，一般来说，前边一个元音发长音（其字母音），后边一个元音不发音如:make, mai

49、l, may, hay, say, see, sea, meet, meat, key,five, nine, tie, road, coat, toe, cute等等4. Phonics自然拼读法双/三辅音在一起时的联读 (Consonant Blends)l Beginning consonant blends (bl, br,cl, cr, dr, fl, fr, gl, fr, pl, pr, sc, sk, sl, sm, sn, sp, st, sw, tr, tw,scr, spl, str)l Ending consonant blends (ft, lf,lm, lp, lt

50、, mp, nd, nk, nt, pt, sk, st)l Words ending in ll, ss, ffl Consonant digraphs (ch, th, sh, wh)5. Phonics自然拼读法特殊读法(1)带元音的特殊读法(Irregular Vowels) igh, ing, ind, ild, ar, or, oi, oy, alt, alk,ost, old, er, ir, ur, ew, sion, tion, eigh, all, ow, ow, ou, ay, ous, ed, ed(t), ed (d), aw, au, oo, oo以上字母组合作为整

51、体音节发音。需记住它们所发的音。Examples:l ar (car, far), air (hair), are (hare), au,augh (caught), aw (hawk)l al, all (all, tall,mall, hall), alk (talk, walk), alt (halt, salt), ay (may, play)ew (new, few), eigh (eight, weight), ed:u says/ed/: patted, landed, liftedu says/t/: walked, hopped, stoppedu says/d/: crie

52、d, played, chewedl er (sister, brother), ir (girl,fir, firm), ur (burn, hurt)l ie (field), ing(king, sing,dancing), ind (find, kind, behind), ild (mild, wild, child), igh (high, night,light), irel oi (oil, boil), oy (boy, toy), old(old, cold), ost (most, host), olt, oo (book), oo (tool,school), or (

53、or, for, horn), ow (读音一：cow, now, how, bow；读音二：bow, low, blow,snow), ou (shout, out, loud) ould (could, would), ough(五种不同的读音：cough, through, ought, slough, plough), ought, , ous (famous,nervous),l ue (cruel), ui (fluid)l tion (attention, fiction), sion(passion, expression),l ending sounds : ang, ong

54、, ung,edge, le6. Phonics自然拼读法特殊读法(2)l 如果一个单词或音节里只有一个元音,而且元音在末尾，这个元音一般发长音（其字母音） (Vowel at the end)如：me, hi, go, baby, table, humor，hibernate 等等。l Y在末尾 (作为元音处理）（y at the end）： u 单音节词, 没有其他元音，y发”I”(one syllableword, y at the end (pronounced as “I”): my, why, fly, sky u 多音节词, y发”E” 的音(two or more syllables, y at the end(pronounced as “E”): daddy,mommy, baby，honey, crazy7. Phonics自然拼读法特殊读法(3) - 固定读音的单词 (Sight Word):is, are, the, a, to