英语时态大全

1、英语时态大全英语共有十六个时态、四个体。(注:四个体为一般、进行、完成、完成进行。英语中的四个体相当于法语、西班牙语以及所有印欧语系罗曼语族中的式,如:直陈式,命令式等。(1一般现在时基本形式(以do为例:第三人称单数:does(主语为非第三人称单数;肯定句:主语+动词原形+其他;He works for us.否定句:主语+dont/doesn't+动词原形+其他;He doesn't work for us.一般疑问句:Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他。肯定回答:Yes,(+主语+do/does.否定回答:No,(+主语+don't/doesn't.特殊

2、疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句语Does he work for us?Yes, he does.No, he doesn'tWhat does he do for us?He works for us.(2一般过去时be动词+行为动词的过去式否定句式:在行为动词前加didnt,同时还原行为动词,或was/were+not;was或were放于句首;用助动词do的过去式did提问,同时还原行为动词例如:Did he work for us?He didn't work for us.He worked for us.(3一般将来时am/are/is+going to+do 或wil

3、l/shall+doam/is/are/about to + doam/is/are to + do;一般将来时的表达方法be going to +动词原形be +不定式,be to+动词原形,be about to +动词原形be able to +不定式be about to+动词原形will + 动词原形;例如:He is going to work for us.He will work for us;He is coming.这是特殊的用一般现在时表达将来时态的例子!(4过去将来时be(was,weregoing to+动词原形be(was,wereabout to+动词原形be(w

4、as,wereto+动词原形肯定句:主语+be(was,weregoing to+动词原形.否定句:主语+be(was,werenot going to+动词原形.疑问句:Be(Was,Were+主语+going to+动词原形?肯定句:主语+would(should+动词原形.否定句:主语+would(shouldnot+动词原形.疑问句:Would(Should+主语+动词原形?He would work for us.(5现在进行时主语+be+v.ing现在分词形式(其中v表示动词表示现在正在进行的动作或最近在做的事。例如:I am buying a book.第一人称+am+doing

5、+sth第二人称+are+doing +sth (doing是泛指所有的v-ing形式第三人称+is+doing+sth例:He is working.(6过去进行时肯定句:主语+was/were+doing+其它否定句:主语+was/were+not+doing+其它一般疑问句及答语:Was/Were+主语+doing+其它;答语:Yes,I主语+was/we re./No,I主语+wasn't/weren't.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+doing+其它He was working when he was alive.(7将来进行时主语+will + b

6、e +现在分词He will be working for us.=He will work for us.(8过去将来进行时should(would+be+现在分词He said that he would be working for us.=He said that he would work f or us.(9现在完成时基本结构:主语+have/has+过去分词(done肯定句:主语+have/has+过去分词+其他否定句:主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分

7、词+其他He has worked for us for ten years.Has he worked for us for ten years.(10过去完成时基本结构:主语+had+过去分词(done肯定句:主语+had+过去分词+其他否定句:主语+had+not+过去分词+其他一般疑问句:Had+主语+过去分词+其他肯定回答:Yes,主语+had否定回答:No,主语+hadn't特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(had+主语+过去分词+其他语法判定:( 1 by + 过去的时间点。如:I had finished reading the novel by nine o'

8、;clock last night.( 2 by the end of + 过去的时间点。如:We had learnt over two thousand English words by the end of last term.( 3 before + 过去的时间点。如:They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.(11将来完成时(shallwill+have+动词过去分词before+将来时间或by+将来时间before或by the time引导的现在时的从句He will have worked for us.=

9、He will work for us.(12过去将来完成时should / would have done sth.He said that he would have worked for us.=He said that he would work for us.(13现在完成进行时基本与现在完成时相同,但是现在完成进行时只能表示仍然持续的概念have/has been +-ing 分词He has been working for us for ten years.=He has worked for us for te n years.(14过去完成进行时had been +-ing

10、 分词He said that he had been working for us for ten years.=He said that he had worked for us for ten years.(15将来完成进行时主语+ shall/will have been doingHe will have been working for us.=He will work for us.翻译为:他最近一直在为我们工作(过去在工作,现在在工作,将来还会工作 (16过去将来完成进行时should+have been+现在分词用于第一人称would have been+现在分词用于其他人称

11、He said that he would have been working for us.=He said that he woul d work for us.举例:英语中有12个主要时态,都来自于三时(过去、现在、将来现在以I listen为例,举例英语中有12个主要时态如下所示:一般现在时:I listen现在进行时:I am listening过去进行时:I was listening现在完成时:I have listened现在完成进行时:I have been listening一般将来时:I shall listen”或“I will listen.”将来进行时:I shal

12、l be listening一般过去时:I listened过去完成时:I had listened过去完成进行时:I had been listening将来完成时:I shall have listened将来完成进行时:I shall have been listening英语中不存在属格一个普遍的误解是在英语中只存在一个以“'s”结尾表示所属的属格。然而,语言学家已经表明英语的所有格完全不是一个格,而是一个独立的词并且在书写和发音上都不是前一个词的一部分,这可以有下面这个句子表明:The King of Sparta's wif e was called Helen.(

13、斯巴达国王的妻子叫做海伦。如果“'s”是属格,那么“妻子”(wife就属于“斯巴达”(Sparta,但是“'s”并不是只表示“斯巴达”(Sparta,而是表示“斯巴达国王”(King of Sparta。上面这个例子并不表明英语没有自己的属格;但是它现在已经发展成为另一个形式。在古英语中,ban的属格形式是banes。后来在现代英语中,这个发展成为了使用“'s”表示的“bone's”。在18世纪,人们对此的解释是省略号代替了一个属格代词,就像“the King's horse”是“the King, his horse”的缩写。但是这个解释是不正确的。人们更相信是省略号代替了古英语中的“e”。英语和“与格”在现代英语中,与格不再是英语语法的一部分,它只出现在一些表达用语中。一个很好的例子是单词methinks(据我看来。它来源于古英语的与格形式变化:me (与格的人称代词+think