人教版必修四英语第二单元语法学案

1、【精品文档】如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流人教版必修四英语第二单元语法学案.精品文档.动词-ing形式作主语和宾语1. 动词-ing形式的构成: 是在动词末尾加-ing 形式构成, 因此又叫动词的 -ing 形式。如: do-doing, be-being, ask-asking, etc.否定形式: not+ -ing 构成2. 动词-ing形式不能单独作谓语, 没有人称和数的变化, 但可以有自己的宾语和状语, 还有时态和语态的变化。3. 动词-ing形式由动词加-ing变化而成, 它同时具有名词和动词的特征, 在句中可以作主语、宾语等。一、动词-ing形式作主语 1. 表示经常的

2、、习惯性的动作或状态, 谓语动词通常用单数。如： Walking is a good form of exercise for both young and old. 无论对年轻人和老年人来讲, 走路是一种很好的锻炼。Watching news on TV has become a routine for me. 在电视上看新闻已经成了我的一种日常习惯。Going to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours. 乘火车去杭州要16个小时。Asking a womans age is impolite in our country. 在我们国家问一个女人的年

3、龄是不礼貌的。 2. -ing形式作主语时常后置, 此时须用 it作形式主语, 用形容词或名词作表语。常见的名词或名词短语有: no use, no good, fun, hard work, a hard / difficult job, a waste of time等; 形容词有: dangerous, worthwhile, useless等。如: Its no use making an excuse for this. 为这件事找借口是没有用的。谈论这样无用的事情简直是浪费时间。Its a waste of time talking about such a useless thi

4、ng. 有风的天气在海里游泳是危险的。 Its dangerous swimming in the sea on windy days.这个问题值得讨论。 It is worthwhile discussing the question.动名词与不定式做主语时的比较：动名词表示的动作通常是一个泛指的动作, 不定式则通常表示具体的,将来的动作。如：还是个孩子的时侯, 她就觉得探视病人是一种责任, 也是一种愉悦。As a child, she felt that visiting sick people was a duty and a pleasure到美国人家里做客对我来说将是一个极好的经历。

5、Being a guest in an American home will be a good experience for me.n 一直不做就是作恶。Doing nothing is doing illn 他说: “继续这样下去是无用的。”He said, “To go on like this is no use.”n 我很荣幸被邀请参加这个晚会。Its an honor for me to be invited to the party归纳: 常用-ing形式作主语的句型有：n It +be +a waste of time doing 做是浪费时间的n It is/was no g

6、ood/use doing 做是没用处的n It is/was hardly/scarcely worth doing 做不值得n It is/was worth/worthwhile doing 做是值得的n There is no doing 无法; 不允许There is no sense in doing 做没有道理There is/was no use doing 干无意义 There is/was nothing worse than doing 没有比更糟的There is/was no point doing 干无意义我们不知道要去哪儿。 There was no knowin

7、g where we would go. 做这件傻事毫无意义。 There is no point doing such a silly thing.注意: There is no need to do sth 干没必要, 在此句式中to do不可换为doing.没有必要告诉她。 There is no need to tell her. 提示: 当动名词用作主语时, 其逻辑主语由形容词性物主代词和名词所有格构成。我姐姐病了, 使我很担心。 My sisters being ill made me worried.你正确未必就意味着我错了。 Your being right doesnt ne

8、cessarily mean my being wrong. 二、动名词用作宾语 动名词作宾语有两种情况。1. 只能后接动名词作宾语的动词, 常见的有avoid, consider, enjoy, keep, finish, suggest, dislike, delay, escape, cannot help, imagine, mind, miss, practise, cannot stand等。如： 我不能不去。I cant avoid going你是否考虑过找一位挚友? Have you considered looking for one special friend?晚饭后你想

9、和我一起散步吗? Do you feel like having a walk with me after supper? 人们忍不住嘲笑那个愚蠢的人。 People couldnt help laughing at that foolish man 这类动词还有: excuse, fancy, give up, put off, risk, insist on, look forward to, feel like等。2. 既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词, 常见的有: begin, start, continue, like, love, prefer, by, mean, forge

10、t，remember, hate等。A. 在like, love, hate, prefer等动词之后，用-ing或不定式意义上没有什么不同, 只是侧重点有些不同, 动名词表示泛指的动作, 不定式表示具体的一次性动作。B. 在begin/start, continue之后, 用动名词和不定式, 意义无甚区别, 尤其是当主语是人的时候。 C. 在动词forget, remember, regret之后, 用动名词与不定式意义不同。动名词-做过,不定式-未做, 如：我记得我已把信寄了。 I remember posting the letter我会记着去寄信的。 Ill remember to p

11、ost the letter我永远不会忘记见到过那位著名作家。 I shall never forget seeing the famous writer不要忘了给你母亲写信。 Dont forget to write to your mother我真后悔没赶上那次报告会。 I regret missing the report我遗憾地告诉你我不能接受你的建议。 I regret to say I cant take your adviceD. 在try, mean之后, 意义各不相同, 如try to do (设法), try doing (试试) , mean to do (打算做), m

12、ean doing (意味着)。如: 我们必须设法及时把一切搞好。 We must try to get everything done in time我们用别的方法做这工作试试。Lets try doing the working in some other way我并不想叫你生气。 I didnt mean to make you angry你的计划意味着要花费几个小时。 Your plan would mean spending hoursE. go on doing 和go on to dogo on doing 继续做一直在做的事; go on to do 接着做另一件事。如：请接着

13、做这同一个练习。Please go on doing the same exercise请做另外一个练习。Please go on to do the other exerciseF. stop doing与stop to do: Stop doing停止做，stop to do停下正在干的事去干另一件事。如:我们停止了交谈。 We stopped talking我们停了下来去谈话。 We stopped to talk go on doing 继续做原来做的事 go on to do 接着做另一件事 mean doing 意味着要做某事 mean to do 想要做某事 l stop doi

14、ng 停止做某事l stop to do 停下来(别的事)开始做某事 try doing 试着做某事 try to do 努力做某事u be used to doing 习惯于做某事 u be used to do 被用来做某事n cant help doing 禁不住做某事n cant help to do 不能帮助做某事3. 作介词宾语动名词可与介词一起构成介词短语。A. 介词+动名词, 如：我们得想些法子改变人们的习惯。Weve got to think of ways of changing peoples habits. 我向你道歉, 刚才对你那样生气。I apologize for

15、 being so angry with you.离开几年之后再回到你的家乡, 感觉有点怪。After being away for several years, it is a strange experience to return to the hometown.B. 动词+介词+动名词, 如：我坚持为这次出行带足需要的食物。 I insist on taking proper food fort his expedition同学们脸上没有笑容, 相反都做了怪脸。Instead of smiling, each of them made a face她对为我们公司工作很感兴趣。She w

16、as very interested in working for our company下列短语中的to都是介词, 所以后面跟名词或-ing形式: devote to, object to, pay attention to, get down to, lead to, look forward to, stick to,be used to等。 【课后练习】Complete these sentences:1. If you can keep _(read) English newspapers, your English will be improved. 2. He has promised _