名词性从句 (3)

1、必修三必修三 Period 3 GrammarNoun Clauses在复合句中起名词作用的从句在复合句中起名词作用的从句主语主语宾语宾语表语表语同位语同位语主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句名词性从句用作宾语的名词性从句用作宾语的Object Clauses 宾语从句宾语从句 1. I know him . 2. I know who he is . 主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语（简单句）（简单句）主语主语谓语谓语宾宾 语语 从从 句句连词连词 从句主语从句主语 从句谓语从句谓语 主主 句句（复合句）（复合句）什么是宾语？ I know him. Do you

2、have the time? I think (that) she is beautiful. Why dont you pay attention to me? 宾语位于谓语动词或者介词后一.宾语从句的连接词连词连接代词连接副词thatwhat, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever,whose, whichever, when,where, why, how, how many, how much, how oftene.g. 1.I hear (that) _. 2.He said (that) _. 3.The teacher told us (

3、that) _ _. he will be back in an hour he missed us very much the earth movesaround the sun注注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略e.g. 1.Tom has told me (that)he will go to shanghai tomorrow and that he wont go to my home.2.He said (that) he had eaten nothing for a long tim

4、e and that he was very angry.注注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语或非正式文体中往不能充当成分，在口语或非正式文体中往往省略，但如果从句是并列句时，第二个往省略，但如果从句是并列句时，第二个分句前的分句前的that不可省不可省.1. He asked _. 2. Do you know_?3. He asked_.4. Do you know _?5. Please tell me _. 6. Can you tell me _?7. Could you tell me _? who could answer th

5、e question whom they are waiting for whose bike was the best in the class when well have a meeting where he is how I can get to the station why the train is late由连接代词由连接代词 Who,whom,whose,which,what 和连接副词和连接副词 where,how,why,when引导的宾从引导的宾从代词或副词连接主句和从句，并在从句中担任代词或副词连接主句和从句，并在从句中担任句子成分，具有一定的意义，不可省略。句子成分，

6、具有一定的意义，不可省略。宾语从句宾语从句三要素三要素时时 态态Summary (小结）小结）引导词（连接词）引导词（连接词）语语 序序1. The young man asked _ its summer or winter. A. either B. that C. weather D. whether2. We dont know _ they did it . A. how B. who C. what D. which 3. The teacher asks us _ Jim can come back on time . A. that B. if C. when D. what

7、time 4. Does anybody know _ we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not . A. if B. where C. whether D. that6. Please tell me _. A. what does he like B. what he does like C. what he likes D. what he like7. My sister told him _ . A. what day was it B. when the train arrived C. who she was waitin

8、g D. where did you live8. Someone is ringing the doorbell . Go and see _ . A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is 9. Could you tell me how long _ ? A. you have bought the watch B. you have kept this science book C. have you been away from China D. have you been a member of Greener China

9、10. He says that if it _ tomorrow , he _ fishing . A. will rain , wont go B. rained , wasnt go C. rains , wont go D. rain , will go 将下列句子合并为一句将下列句子合并为一句: :1. Where do they stop on the way? I asked. 2. What will you speak at the meeting? Could you tell me?3. Do they like to go skiing? He asked. 4. He

10、 is doing his homework. He said. 5. He will come back. Tom said. I asked where they stopped on the way. Could you tell me what you will speak at the meeting?He asked if they liked to go skiing. He said that he was doing his homework. Tom said that he would come back. 6. Is she doing her homework? Ji

11、m asked. 7. When will he come back? Tom asked. 8.How can I get to the station?Could you tell me?9.Why is the train late? Would you tell me?10. Where is Tom? They asked. Tom asked when he would come back.Could you tell me how I can get to the station?Would you tell me why the train is late?They asked

12、 where Tom was. Jim asked if she was doing her homework. 常见的系动词分为三种：常见的系动词分为三种：A表示特征和状态：表示特征和状态： be, look, sound, taste, smell, seem,appear等等 B表示由一类状态转为另一类状态：表示由一类状态转为另一类状态： get, become, grow, turn, fall, go, come, run等等C表示某种状态的：表示某种状态的： remain, keep, prove, rest, continue, stay等等二二. 表语从句表语从句表语从句就是从

13、句在主句中作表语从句就是从句在主句中作表语表语的名词性从句，的名词性从句，放在系动词之后放在系动词之后三三. . 主语从句主语从句 主语从句就是主语从句就是从句在主句中作主语从句在主句中作主语的名的名词性从句。词性从句。1)That she left him hurts him so much. 2)Whether it will please them is not easy to say.3) What we need is more practice.4)When we will begin the meeting is under discussion.*that 只起引导作用，不充当

14、成分，但不能省略。只起引导作用，不充当成分，但不能省略。*whether 是否，表不确定的事情是否，表不确定的事情(不能用不能用If）*what 在从句中作主语在从句中作主语*When 在从句中作状语在从句中作状语*_(他是否要他是否要来来)is not yet known.*_(他想告诉我他想告诉我们什么们什么)is not clear.*_(谁会赢得这场谁会赢得这场比赛比赛)is still unknown. *_(你错过了你错过了这次机会这次机会)is a pity. =It is _.Exercise 1:Whether he will come or notWhat he wants

15、 to tell usWho will win the matchThat you missed the chancea pity that you missed the chance注意注意: : 由由that that 引导的主语从句有时为了使句引导的主语从句有时为了使句子结构平衡子结构平衡, , 避免避免 “ “头重脚轻头重脚轻”, , 常用常用 itit 作作形式主语形式主语, , 而把从句放在后面而把从句放在后面 1. That he will refuse this piece of advice is impossible._ _2.That they should like e

16、ach other is natural. _*it为形式主语为形式主语It is natural that they should like each other.It is impossible that he will refuse this piece of advice.这样就构成了下面一些常用句型这样就构成了下面一些常用句型: 1) It is + n. +从句从句 It is a pity/shame that. 遗憾的是遗憾的是 It is a surprise that令人惊奇的是令人惊奇的是 It is a fact that 是事实是事实 It is common kno

17、wledge that 是常识是常识*_(很遗憾很遗憾)we lost the match.*_(这是事实这是事实)he cheated in the exam.It is a pity thatIt is a fact that2) It is + adj. +从句从句 Its certain that 肯定肯定 It is possible that. 很可能很可能 It is unlikely that. 不可能不可能 It is obvious that 很明显很明显 It is necessary important natural. that*_(很可能很可能)she will c

18、ome back tomorrow.*_(很明显很明显)this measure is effective.+(should) +doIt is possible thatIt is obvious that3) It +不及物动词不及物动词+从句从句 It happened that. 碰巧碰巧 It occurred to me that我突然想起我突然想起*_(刚好刚好)I came into the office at that time.*_(我突然想起我突然想起)I forget to sent the letter.It happened thatIt occurred to m

19、e that4) It + be +过去分词过去分词+从句从句 It is said that. 据说据说 It is known to all that. 众所周知众所周知 It is reported that. 据报道据报道 It is believed that.据信据信;人们相信人们相信 It is suggested that + (should）do. 建议建议It must be admitted that必须承认必须承认 It cannot be denied that 不可否认不可否认 It must be pointed out that需指出的是需指出的是 *_(据报道

20、据报道)20 people were killed in the accident. *_(建议建议)we should eat more vegetable and do more exercise.It is reported thatIt is suggested that 四四.同位语从句同位语从句 同位语从句就是从句在句中作同位语从句就是从句在句中作同位语同位语的名词的名词性从句，是对与其同位的名词作进一步性从句，是对与其同位的名词作进一步解释解释，说，说明名词的明名词的具体内容。具体内容。 大多数同位语从句由从属连词大多数同位语从句由从属连词that (whether, how,

21、when, where, why)引导引导（不能省略）（不能省略）,常跟常跟以下抽象名词后以下抽象名词后, fact/ news/idea/reason/ hope/ belief/ truth/dream /problem/ advice/ suggestion/ thought/order/ doubt/ answer/ reply 1.They are familiar with the opinion that all matter consists of atoms.2.Where did you get the idea that I could not come.3. He of

22、ten asks me this question when Tom will come back from American.Appositive clause 同位语从句同位语从句:1. The idea _ computers will recognizehuman voices surprises many people.2. The possibility _ the majority of thelabour force will work at home is often discussed.3. I have no idea _(他去了哪里）他去了哪里）4. They are

23、thinking about the question_ _(怎么能够赢得怎么能够赢得)the competition.5. Please tell us the truth _(谁谁为我们做的）为我们做的）.thatthathow theywho did that for uswhere he has goneExercise 4:could win1.The news that our team has won the game was true. *(同位语从句同位语从句, 补充说明补充说明news到底是一个什么消息，到底是一个什么消息，that虽不作成分虽不作成分, 但不能省略但不能省

24、略) 2.The news that he told me yesterday was true. *(定语从句定语从句, 起修饰作用，说明到底是哪一个消息，起修饰作用，说明到底是哪一个消息， that在从句中作在从句中作told的宾语的宾语,可以省略可以省略) 注意：同位语从句与定语从句区别注意：同位语从句与定语从句区别 判断判断:定语从句定语从句or同位语从句同位语从句1.The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday. 2.The order that w

25、e received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups. 3.The news that he will leave for Shanghai is true.4.The news that we got last week is true.5.The question that we discussed yesterday is a difficult one.(定语从句定语从句)(同位语从句同位语从句)(同位语从句同位语从句)(定语从句定语从句)(定语从句定语从句)注意注意1：th

26、at / what的辨用的辨用1._ he wants is a book.2. _ he wants to go there is obvious.3.We should pay attention to _ the teacher is saying.4.He told us _ he felt ill.5.The result is _ we won the game.6.This is _ we want to know.7. I have no idea _ he did that afternoon.8.The fact_ she works hard is well known

27、to us all.WhatThatwhatwhatwhat（that）（that）thatRules1.that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用连接作用2. what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当成分，可做从句的主语、宾语、或表语。当成分，可做从句的主语、宾语、或表语。注意注意2：whether与与if的辨用的辨用1.Whether it is true remains a problem.2.It remains a problem whether/if it is true.3. He asked whe

28、ther/if Mary would attend the ceremony.4.It depends on whether we have got enough money. 5.The question is whether you should accept it. 6.The question whether hell attend the meeting is important.7.I didnt know whether to laugh or to cry.8.I dont know whether/if it is right or not.Rules1.在由形式主语在由形式

29、主语it引导的主语从句及在引导的主语从句及在vt动词后面的动词后面的宾语从句中，表宾语从句中，表“是否是否”， whether/if 都可以用；都可以用；2.在前置主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和跟在在前置主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和跟在介词后面的宾语从句中，表介词后面的宾语从句中，表“是否是否”， 只能只能用用whether；3.在在whether or not 和和whether to do 中中whether 不能不能换成换成if Pick up one number and finish the task in it, then you can get some points.12

30、34567891011 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2021 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 301.The suggestion (that) she has put forward is very good. 2.The suggestion that we clean the classroom by turns is very good. 判断：名词性从句判断：名词性从句定语从句定语从句名词性从句名词性从句定语从句定语从句10The news that Liu Xiang won the 110 hurdlesBrought Chinese grea

31、t happiness.News , brought Chinese great happiness.Liu Xiangthe 110 hurdlesMake a sentence301.I doubt_ he can speak English.2.I dont doubt _ he can speak English.whether/ ifthat10Correct or not?*When the meeting will be held havent been known yet. be held hasnt been known yet.Pay attention:主语从句的谓语用主

32、语从句的谓语用单数单数形式形式 10判断：名词性从句判断：名词性从句定语从句定语从句1.The possibility that you referred to doesnt exist at all.2.There is a strong possibility that we may be in France for the next week.名词性从句名词性从句定语从句定语从句10 the cat domade What the cat did made the baby cry.WhatcryMake a sentence301.Two thirds of all girls in

33、Britain are on a diet. 2.The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot.Join two sentences into one noun clauseThe fact that two thirds of all girls in Britain are on a diet worries their parents and teachers a lot.201.The question is _ the film is worth seeing.2._ we shall attend the meeting has

34、nt been decided yet. 用用whetherif填空填空whetherWhether10Translate the sentence*_(他他们很需要帮助们很需要帮助)is quite clear. That they are badly in need of help20dont konwwhat dowhere goThe man doesnt know where he should go and what he should do.Make a sentence301.Do they speak English? 2.We want to knowJoin two se

35、ntences into one noun clauseWe want to know if/whether they can speak English.20 Correct or not?Pay attention: 在此宾语从句中，在此宾语从句中，it 充当充当形形式宾语式宾语，真正的宾语为，真正的宾语为that 从句从句I think it worthwhile that.* I think that worthwhile that we spent so much money on these books.101.The news _ we won the competition i

36、s very encouraging.2.I have no idea _ has happened to him.用用thatwhat填空填空whatthat10*His brother asks when will he go to the library .Pay attention:名词性从句的语序用名词性从句的语序用陈述语序陈述语序 Correct or not?when he will go to the library . 10用用that和和what填空填空1.His father is satisfied with _ he has done.2.The reason was

37、_Tod had never seen the million pound bank-note.whatthat10talk aboutthe use of cell phone What they are talking about is the use of cell phone.Make a sentence30* If we will have a meeting hasnt been decided yet.Correct or not?Whether we will. decided yet.Pay attention:放在名词性从句放在名词性从句句首句首，表示，表示“是否是否”，

38、只能用，只能用whether, 不能用不能用if101.The problem has been solved. 2.Why were so many areas flooded during the heavy storm?Join two sentences into one noun clauseThe problem why so many areas were flooded during the heavy storm has been solved.20Translate the sentence*It is known to us_(马克马克.吐温怎样成吐温怎样成为一位伟大的作

39、家为一位伟大的作家). how Mark Twain became a great writer20 Correct or not?Pay attention:注意注意虚拟语气虚拟语气在名词性从句中的在名词性从句中的使用！由使用！由demand ,order, require, insist, suggest, advise等引导的宾语从句，或由等引导的宾语从句，或由demand, order, suggestion等引导的表语从句和同位语从句，其等引导的表语从句和同位语从句，其谓语要用谓语要用should+do 的形式的形式It is suggested that we should put

40、 off.*It is suggested that we would put off the sports meeting because of the bad weather.10report , get the highest points, match It is reported that Yao Ming got the highest points in the match.Make a sentence30 Correct or not?Pay attention:注意注意虚拟语气虚拟语气在名词性从句中的在名词性从句中的使用！在使用！在It is necessary impor

41、tant natural. that句型中，从句的谓语要用句型中，从句的谓语要用should+do 的形的形式式It is important that we should finish.*It is important that we will finish the work on time. 10 Correct or not?Pay attention:由由reason 做主语的表语从句做主语的表语从句只能用只能用that 来引导。来引导。The reason why he was late was that he was.*The reason why he was late was

42、because he was caught in a traffic jam.10 Correct or not?Pay attention:此主语从句此主语从句缺少成分缺少成分-宾语，宾语，故用作成分的故用作成分的what来引导，而不用来引导，而不用that。What she wants to know is.*That she wants to know is when the party will be held . 10 Correct or not?Pay attention:由由that引导的主语从句放在句引导的主语从句放在句首，首，that 不能省略不能省略。That he wi

43、ll give up*He will give up his job surprises all of us.10Translate the sentence*_（她是否出席会议）（她是否出席会议）is not certain.Whether she will attend the meeting20It makes the teacher angry that the child doesnt know the answer.teacher angryDont know the answerMake a sentence30 Correct or not?Pay attention:同位语从

44、句的同位语从句的that 不能省略不能省略。He expressed his hope that he would. *He expressed his hope he would visit China again. 10*The question_(谁谁将取代将取代Tom的位子的位子) needs considering.Translate the sentencewho will take Toms place20 all windows brokenOwner angryPedestrian(行人）行人）report all windows broken owner of the bu

45、ilding, angry, happen, bring him great trouble policeman come investigate who why Pedestrian tell dont know who hear the sound a man ran away Describe the story and use as many noun clauses as you can. 高考链接1.-Are you still thinking about yesterdays game? -Oh, thats_ . (2003北京春季北京春季)A. what makes me

46、feel excitedB. whatever I feel excited about C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited A解析解析： 这是由这是由what 引导的一个表语从句，引导的一个表语从句，在从句中充当主语，这句话的意思为：那是在从句中充当主语，这句话的意思为：那是使我感到兴奋的事。故答案为使我感到兴奋的事。故答案为A。2.-I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. -Is that_ you had a few days off? (NMET1999)A.why B.when

47、 C.what D.where 解析解析:这是一个由这是一个由why引导的表语从句引导的表语从句,表表示原因示原因.这句话的意思是这句话的意思是这就是你离开这就是你离开的原因吗的原因吗?。故答案为。故答案为A。A3.Perseverance is a kind of quality and thats _ it takes to do anything well. ( 2002上海春季上海春季) A. what B. that C. which D. why 解析解析:what在表语从句中作在表语从句中作takes的宾语的宾语,构成构成It takes sth. to do sth.的句型。答

48、案为的句型。答案为A。A4.When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule: Always give the monkey exactly_ he wants . (2002上海春季上海春季) A.what B.which C.when D.that 解析解析:这是一个宾语从句这是一个宾语从句,wants后面缺少宾后面缺少宾语语,Always give the monkey exactly what he wants是一句谚语是一句谚语,意思是意思是永远给予他人他确实永远给予他人他确实想

49、要的东西想要的东西。故答案为。故答案为A。A学习名词性从句应注意的几个问题学习名词性从句应注意的几个问题:一一.引导词引导词1.what与与thatthat在名词性从句中不作句子成分，只起连接作用，在名词性从句中不作句子成分，只起连接作用，除在宾语从句中外一般不可省略除在宾语从句中外一般不可省略;而而what在名词性从在名词性从句中不仅起连接作用句中不仅起连接作用,而且作句子成分，如主语、宾而且作句子成分，如主语、宾语、表语、定语等，可以表示语、表语、定语等，可以表示 “的话（东西、人、的话（东西、人、时间、地点、速度时间、地点、速度”等内容。等内容。 例例3.The boy dived in

50、to the water and after_ seemed to be a long time, he came up again.A. that B. what C. it D. which2. whether与与 if的区别的区别I wonder _ he has passed the exam.It depends on_ the manger will agree to the plan. I dont know _ he will come or not tonight. _ he will win the game is not yet known. The question i

51、s _ he can do it as a favor. The problem _ we need more time has not been solved.whether/ifwhetherWhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhether2. whether与与 if的区别的区别whether与与if当当“是否是否”讲时，在引导宾语从句（但是介讲时，在引导宾语从句（但是介词后面的宾语从句词后面的宾语从句;后面跟后面跟or not连用连用;后紧跟动词不定式后紧跟动词不定式to do时除外）两者可以互换时除外）两者可以互换,但在引导主语从句、表语从但在引导主语从句、表语

52、从句和同位语从句时通常只能用句和同位语从句时通常只能用whether,而不能用而不能用if。考例考例4: We havent settled the question of _ it is necessary for him to study abroad. （06年江苏卷第年江苏卷第35题）题）A. if B. where C. whether D. that 3. what, who, which等疑问词与等疑问词与“疑问词疑问词+ever”_ can work out this problem is not known._ can work out this problem will b

53、e praised.I believe_ he said just now._ he says, I wont be angry.=No matter what he says, I wont be angry.Who should I give the prize to？ To _ can work out the problem Awhoever BWhoCno matter who Dwhomever WhoWhoeverwhatWhateverA3. what, who, which等疑问词与等疑问词与“疑问词疑问词+ever”考例考例5:It is generally conside

54、red unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.（07年宁夏卷例题）年宁夏卷例题） A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever小结小结：Whatever表示表示“无论什么无论什么”,相当于相当于anything that，属于泛指；，属于泛指；whichever表示表示“无论哪一个、无论无论哪一个、无论哪些哪些”,表示在一定范围内的人或事物表示在一定范围内的人或事物, 属于特指。属于特指。小结：小结：3. what, who, which等疑问词与等疑问词与“疑问词疑问词+ever”考例考例6: ma

55、kes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.（06年辽宁卷第年辽宁卷第30题）题） A. What B. Who C. Whatever D. Whoeverwhoever引导名词性从句时相当于引导名词性从句时相当于anyone who/those who，表示，表示“无论谁无论谁”；而；而who表示表示“谁谁”。whatever引导名词性从句时相当于引导名词性从句时相当于anything that，表，表示示“无论什么无论什么”，而，而what表示表示“的话（东西、人、的话（东西、人、时间、地点、速度等）时

56、间、地点、速度等）” 。小结：小结：二二.语序问题语序问题Whatever I have done is only for you.I didnt know what was the matter with her.I dont think you are right.Who do you suggest (should) be sent there?三三. 时态时态1. 在动词在动词suggest, insist, order, advise, require等后等后 的宾语从句中，谓语用虚拟语气的宾语从句中，谓语用虚拟语气.The teacher suggest we (should) c

57、arry out the experiment in time.I insist that you (should) be there on time. 2. 在在advice, suggestion, order等名词后的表语从句或等名词后的表语从句或同位语从句中谓语也用虚拟语气同位语从句中谓语也用虚拟语气His advice is that we (should) go to the cinema tonight.The order that the work (should) be started at once has been given.3. 时态一致原则时态一致原则The tea

58、cher told us that light _ faster than sound. (travel)翻译：翻译：父亲许诺如果我通过考试他将给我买俩车。父亲许诺如果我通过考试他将给我买俩车。travelsFather made a promise that if I passed the exam he would buy a car for me.四四.主谓一致问题主谓一致问题1. What he said _ true.2. What I bought _ three English books3. When and where he was born _ not beenfound

59、out.4. When he was born and where he was born _ not been found out.5. Where and when to hold the meeting _ been decided.isarehashave在含有一个主语从句的主从复合句中，主句的谓语动词在含有一个主语从句的主从复合句中，主句的谓语动词一般用单数形式。一般用单数形式。在关系代词在关系代词what引导的主语从句后，谓语动词的数要引导的主语从句后，谓语动词的数要根据句意而定。根据句意而定。hasnt小结：小结：五五.it充当形式主语或形式宾语充当形式主语或形式宾语1._is

60、a fact that English is being accepted as an international language (95)AThere BThis CThat DIt2._ is known to everybody，the moon travels round the earth once every month(2001) AIt BAs CThat DWhat3.Ill make known to all that you were not honest. it六，某些固定搭配或句型六，某些固定搭配或句型1. I doubt whether/ I dont doubt