过去分词与现在分词被动式地区别

1、实用文档过去分词与现在分词被动式的区别(1)过去分词在构成完成时态，不定式完成式以及被动语态时，通常不能用现在分词一般被动式代替。(现在进行时的被动语态除外)eg：The door was closed an hour ago这门在一小时前就关闭了。They have finished their homework。他们已经做完了家庭作业(2)过去分词作前置定语时，不能用现在分词一般被动式代替。eg： That was an inspired suggestion那是一条由某人提出的建议。同样现在分词一般被动式作为定语表示动作时，也不能用过去分词来代替。eg：The house being b

2、uilt is a big project.正在施工的那幢楼是一项大的工程。(3)过去分词作条件、时间等状语时，不可用现在分词一般被动式代替。eg：Given more time，I can do it better(表条件)多给点时间，我会做得更好些。Given more attention，the trees could have grown better.(MET 90)(表示条件)如果多关心一些，这些树会长得更好。Heated ,the metal expands(表示时间)加热后，这种金属会膨胀。Asked why he did it，he said it was his duty

3、(表示时间)问及为何要做此事时，他说这是他的职责。(4)过去分词作表语时，不能用现在分词一般被动式代替。eg：The top of the mountain is covered with snow .山顶满是雪。(5)过去分词在构成have，get,want等动词后的复合宾语时，不能用现在分词一般被动式。eg：Why dont you have the radio fixed?你为什么不把收音机拿去修一修?尤其是一些感官动词，如：see，hear，find等后构成复合宾语时，过去分词和现在分词一般被动式意思完全不同。eg:I heard this song being sung by my

4、students in the next room.我听到隔壁房间的学生正在吟唱这首歌。(注：现在分词一般被动式表示正在进行的动作)I have never heard this song sung in English我从来没有听到过用英语唱这首歌。(注：过去分词表示己完成的动作)(6)在下面一些比较固定的分词独立结构中，通常多用过去分词。eg: all told总计all things considered考虑了一切因素之后this accomplished完成这项工程之后this explantion given这样解释之后all said and done毕竟二过去分词和现在分词完成被

5、动式的区别：及物动词的过去分词没有完成式，但它有“完成”的含义，所以它可以代替现在分词完成被动式。eg:The bridge had been weakened by successive storms and was no longer safe .=Weakened by successive storms,the bridge was no longer safe.=Having been weakened by successive storms,the bridge was no longer safe.=这座桥接二连三地遭到暴风雨的袭击后，己经不安全了。但若强调分词表示的行为发生在

6、后一个动词表示的行为之前时，可用现在分词完成被动式。eg:Having been warned about the bandits,he left his valuables at home。当警告有强盗出没时，他就把贵重物品留在家里。通常过去分词可作定语使用，而现在分词完成被动式却不能用作定语。eg:The computer centre,opened last year,is very popular among the students in this school.(MET 93)去年开办的计算机中心很受学生的欢迎。(过去分词既能表示被动又有完成的含义)The first textbo

7、oks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.(NMET94)作为外语的英语教科书早在十六世纪就已经出版了。Most of the artists invited to the party were from south America(MET 90)应邀参加舞会的大多数艺术家都来自南美。过去分词可以用“连词过去分词”的结构作状语，其实质就是状语从句的省略，而现在分词的完成被动式却不能这样用。eg:Once seen,it can never be forgetten.目睹

8、一眼，终生难忘。If bitten by a snake,you should send for help and don't walk要是你被蛇咬了，你应当向别人求助而不要走。When shot in the leg,he continued to fire back with his gun.虽腿部己遭枪击，他人仍然继续开枪还击。The room,although supposed to be kept locked,was often left open.通常以为是锁着的那个房间，其实经常敞开着。综上所述，过去分词与现在分词被动式无论其形式和内涵，都有一定的差异。正确地区别它们的

9、异同，准确地运用它们的表达形式，对英语学习者来说，尤为重要，只要多加比较，反复体会，就能掌握这一知识点。 过去分词与现在分词的被动结构的用法比较 由于过去分词与现在分词的被动结构（包括being 过去分词和having been过去分词）都含有"被动"的意思，许多同学在学习和应用的过程中对这两种语法形式理解得不透彻，在应用中感到模棱两可，很容易出错。比如： aThe job done，we left the office bThe job being done，we left the office 同样是作状语，a句用的是过去分词，b句用的是现在分词的被动结构。有些同学会问

10、：到底哪一句正确呢？其实a、b两句话都正确。 具体地讲，过去分词常表示动作已经完成，一般有被动的含义；现在分词的被动结构（being 过去分词）一般表示一个正在进行或与谓语动作同时发生的被动动作，若强调被动动作发生在谓语动作之前，可用现在分词完成式被动结构（having been 过去分词）。过去分词与现在分词的被动结构有时可以通用，有时又有区别。在下列两种情况下两者可以通用： 1作时间状语时，过去分词与having been 过去分词（其意义相当于一个时间状语）可以通用。例如： Having been discussed many times， the problem was settled

11、 at last Discussed many times，the problem was settled at last （经过多次讨论，这个问题最后终于得到解决。） Having been cooked to a light brown color，the cake smells good Cooked to a light brown color，the cake smells good （当蛋糕烘烤成浅棕色的时候，闻起来很香。） 2作原因状语时，过去分词与being 过去分词可以通用。例如： Being confined to bed，she needs to be waited on

12、 everything Confined to bed，she needs to be waited on everything （由于她卧病在床，什么事都需要人伺候。） Being done in a hurry，his paper was full of mistakes Done in a hurry，his paper was full of mistakes （由于是匆忙完成的，他的试卷满是错误。） 过去分词与现在分词的被动结构的主要区别在于： 1过去分词可以作前置定语，但现在分词被动结构不能作前置定语。 如：可以说：a broken glass（碎玻璃）； an uninvited

13、 guest（不速之客）；a movedaudience（被感动的观众）；但不可以说：a being broken glass；a being uninvited guest；a being moved audience。 2作后置定语时过去分词常表示被动动作发生在谓语动作之前，或者只表示被动关系，而being 过去分词表示该被动动作正在进行，或与谓语动词的动作差不多同时发生。如：aThe problem，discussed at yesterday'smeeting，was settled at last （昨天会上讨论的那个问题最后终于得到解决。） bThe problem bei

14、ng discussed now is difficult to settle （正在讨论的这个问题很难解决。） 如果误用这两种形式，在造句或阅读中就会发生逻辑错误或是文理不通。 3在构成复合宾语时，过去分词强调的是动作已完成，现在分词的被动结构强调的是动作正在进行。如： I've never heard the word used in spoken English （我从未听过这个词用在口语中。） You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere （你会听到到处都在讨论这个问题。）2 在表示一个被动动作时，如果这个动作正在进行

15、，或是与谓语表示的动作同时发生，我们可以用现在分词的被动形式。 【例如】 1. The bridge being built now will be completed in three months.This is one of the experiments being carried on in our laboratory. 2. Being surrounded by the students, the teacher was answering questions one by one.  如果现在分词的逻辑主语是现在分词所表示的动作的对象，则要用现在分词的被动

16、形式，包括其一般形式“（not）being+过去分词”和其完成形式“（not）having been+过去分词”。例如：    Upon being questioned,he denied having robbed the bank.    The new method,having been widely used abroad,can increase the working efficiency.过去分词在非谓语动词中的语态时态特征有关动词过去分词的用法是英语学习中不可忽视的重要一环。谓语中，be动词的相

17、应形式过去分词多表示被动，have的相应形式过去分词只表示完成，正因为过去分词借助某种形式可以表示被动或已经完成的动作，因此，过去分词在非谓语动词中亦自然具有相应的语态时态特征。单独过去分词在某些特定结构中可以表示该动词的被动或完成意义。一、单独过去分词可以表示被动1宾语补足语中的过去分词表被动感官动词和使役动词（如see, feel, find, make, need等）后面的宾语补足语，大多直接采用过去分词表示被动意义。如：1) He often hears the song sung in the next room.他经常听见这首歌在隔壁房间唱起。(比较：He often hears

18、someone sing the song in the next room.他经常听见有人在隔壁房间唱歌。)2) Would you like to have/get the bike repaired?你想要自行车给修一下吗？(比较：Would you like to have someone repair the bike?或Would you like to get someone to repair the bike? 你想要请人修一下自行车吗？)3) I wont have anything said against him.我不容许背着他说他的坏话。4）Will you spea

19、k a little louder so that you can make yourself heard?你讲大声点以便让别人听见你说的好吗？5）Do you need the letter typed at once?你需要这信马上给打一下吗？但并非所有动词后面的宾补都可单独使用过去分词表示被动，因此，相关被动意义的得体表达还需因词制宜。如：1） They will not allow such things to be done.他们将不准做这种事。2） I wont let them be treated in that way.我不能让他们受到这样的对待。3） We suggeste

20、d them being sent to hospital at once.我们建议他们给立即送往医院。2 状语中的过去分词表被动正如现在分词可以用来代替主语主动语态动词一样，过去分词也可以代替主语被动语态动词结构。也就是说，单独过去分词作状语，相当于被动语态的状语从句。该结构中的过去分词短语之前大多不必添加being来表示进行等意义。1）Led by the old man, we had no difficulty in finding his house.=As we were led by the old man, we had no difficulty.由于老人带路，我们不费劲便找

21、到他的家。2）Satisfied with the boys answer, the teacher had a sweet smile.=Because the teacher was satisfied with, he had 由于对男生的答案感到满意，老师甜甜地笑。4） Given more time, they will probably agree.=If they are given more time, they will.如果多给点时间，他们很可能会同意的。3 with复合结构中的过去分词表被动with后的宾语所带的动词，如果与宾语之间属被动关系，只用过去分词表达。如：1）W

22、ith the gold cup held in his hand, he felt very excited.手里握着金杯，他很是兴奋。2）The young guy lay on the grass with his hands crossed under his head.年轻人躺在草地上，双手叉着枕在头下。4 连词后的过去分词表被动引导状语从句的连词（如when, while, though, once, as if等），大都单独采用过去分词表示被动，相当于一个省略的状语从句。如：1）Dont keep silent when （youre）asked a question.当（别人）

23、在问你的时候别不做声。2）Once/ If (its) whipped, the horse will run faster.一旦（如果）抽鞭子，马就跑得快些。3）Though (he was) taken there in his childhood, he still didnt know the place well.虽然小时候给带到那儿去过，但他对这地方还是不熟。但要注意：由before, after引导的被动语态动词短语代替从句，必须在过去分词前加上being。如：After being shown around the factory, we had a rest.当领着参观工厂之

24、后，我们休息了一会儿。（试比较：When shown around the factory, we had a rest./ Having been shown around the factory, we had a rest.）5. 谓语中的过去分词表被动在广告、通知、标题等文体中，为了行文简洁明了，谓语中也常常单独采用过去分词表示被动意义。如：Turners wanted!（招聘车工！） ALL GOODS GREATLY REDUCED!(各种货物大减价！) Trade agreements broken(贸易协定遭破坏)等等。二、单独过去分词可以表示完成由于过去分词作定语不用完成式，

25、表示完成意义的定语自然采用单独过去分词来表达。如：sweep the fallen leavessweep the leaves that have fallen扫落叶a developed country=a country that has developed发达国家三、单独过去分词可以表示被动完成所谓单独过去分词表示被动完成，即过去分词可以独立表示完成意义的被动语态。通常出现在以下方面：1过去分词在定语中表示被动完成1) He told us of the great wrong done to him.=He told us of the great wrong which had b

26、een done to him.他给我们讲了他所遭受的巨大冤屈。2）Did you accept the invitation (that had been) given by the tour guide? 你接受导游所给的邀请了吗？2过去分词在with复合结构中表示被动完成With the homework finished, I went out for a walk.=When the homework was/had been finished, I went out.作业做完之后，我出去散了会儿步。3. 过去分词在状语中表示被动完成Weakened by the successiv

27、e storms, the bridge was no longer safe. As the bridge had been weakened by successive storms, it was no longer safe.由于遭到接二连三暴风雨的破坏，这桥已经不安全了。值得一提的是，分词作状语，如果强调该动作已经完成，还是需要采用相应语态的完成式形式；过去分词作定语，如果强调该动作正在发生，则用being过去分词。分别举例如下：1）Having corrected the students homework, he handed it out.他将学生的作业改完之后就发下去了。2）

28、Having been bitten twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog up.由于被狗咬过两次，邮递员要我们把狗拴起来，要不就不给我们送信。3）Have you noticed the bridge being built there?= Have you noticed the bridge which is being built there?你注意到了那儿正在修的那座桥吗？附练习：1. In Shishou of Hubei, the soldiers saved man

29、y important deer _ milu deer.A. call B. called C. is called D. which calls2. The sun was shining brightly, _ everything there _ more beautiful.A. making ; look B. to make ; looked C. and made ; looking D. and making ; be looked 3. Greatly _ as a leading teacher, he was invited to attend the conferen

30、ce.A. respect B. respected C. respecting D. being respected4. On the grass lay an old man, with his hands _ under his head and his eyes _ at the blue sky.A. crossing; staring B. crossed; stared C. crossed; staring D. crossing; stared5. The students _ to the office got their _ papers, and most of the

31、m did well in the test.A. invited; correct B. had been invited; correctedC. invited; corrected D. having been invited; corrected6. _ nice, the food has a good sale.A. Having been tasted B. Tasted C. Tasting D. Being tasted7. Get the car thoroughly _; I want to be free from worry on the trip.A. check

32、 B. checked C. checking D. to be checked8. At six oclock in the evening, when a cat ran through a truck it narrowly escaped _ over.A. running B. to be run C. from running D. being run9. The room, although _ to be kept locked, was often left open.A. ought B. supposed C. had D. should10. He was found

33、_ at the desk, _ something important.A. seating; writing B. seated; wrote C. seated; writing D. seating; wrote11. Youre requested to be present at the English evening _ in our school.A. hold B. held C. holding D. to be held12. The man got the letter _ with the car _ at the gate.A. typed; waiting B.

34、typing; waited C. typed; waited D. typing; waiting13. _ in the war was very common at that time.A. Killed B. Killing C. Be killed D. Being killed14. _ the bad news, they wore a _ look on their faces.A. Heard; worried B. Hearing; worried C. Hearing; worrying D. Heard; worrying15. The books _ next mon

35、th are very well _, and theyre really well worth reading.A. published; written B. publishing; writing; C. to be published; writing; D. to be published; written16. After _ to hospital, the _ were operated on in no time.A. sending; injured B. sent; injured C. being sent; injured D. sending; injuring17

36、. When the woman saw the good result, she let out an _ cry of joy, _ like a lovely girl.A. excited; jumping B. exciting; jumping C. excited; jumped D. exciting; jumped18. _ on top of the tower, the city looks extremely splendid.A. See B. To see C. Seeing D. Seen19. When he entered the room, he found

37、 the windows open and something _.A. missed B. robbed C. stolen D. disappeared20. The speaker stood there talking, _ by the journalists _ the event.A. surrounded; covered B. surrounded; covering C. surrounding; covered D. surrounding; covering (Key: BABCC CBDBC DADBD CADCB)分词1.分词作定语分词前置We can see th

38、e rising sun. 我们可以看到东升的旭日He is a retired worker. 他是位退休的工人分词后置 (i分词词组；ii 个别分词如given, left； iii 修饰不定代词 something等)There was a girl sitting there.有个女孩坐在那里This is the question given. 这是所给的问题There is nothing interesting. 没有有趣的东西过去分词作定语 与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。Most of the people invited to the party we

39、re famous scientists. Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa. 典型例题 1) The first textbook _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. have written B. to be written C. being written D. written答案D. 书与写作是被动关系，应用过去分词做定语表被动，相当于定语从句 which is writte

40、n 2）Whats the language _ in Germany?A. speakingB. spoken C. be spokenD. to speak答案B. 主语language与谓语动词之间有被动的含义。 spoken是动词speak的过去分词形式，在句中作定语，修饰主语language, spoken 与 language有被动关系。该句可以理解为：Whats the language (which is) spoken in German?2.分词作状语As I didnt receive any letter from him, I gave him a call.->

41、; Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call. 由于没有收到他的信，我给他打了电话。 If more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.-> Given more attention，the trees could have grown better. 假如多给些照顾，那些树会长得更好。典型例题1）_ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army. A. Followed B. Followed by C.

42、Being followed D. Having been followed答案B. Napoleon 与follow 之间有被动的含义。being followed除表达被动之外，还有动作正在进行之意。 followed by（被跟随）。本题可改为： With some officials following, Napoleon inspected his army.2）There was a terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light.A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being follo

43、wed答案B. 由于声音在闪电后，因此为声跟随着光，声音为跟随的发出者，为主动。用现在分词。3）_, liquids can be changed into gases.A. Heating B. To be heated C. Heated D. Heat答案C. 本题要选一分词作为状语。现在分词表主动，正在进行的；过去分词表被动的，已经完成的。对于液体来说是加热的受动者，是被动的，因而选C。它相当于一个状语从句 When it is heated， 注意： 选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。(Being ) us

44、ed for a long time, the book looks old. 由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。Using the book, I find it useful.3 连词+分词(短语)有时为使分词短语与主句关系更清楚，可在分词前加连词。 连词有： when，while，if though，after, before, as.但分词的主语和主句的主语必须为同一个，如：While waiting there, he saw two pretty girls come out of the building.waiting 和saw 的主语相同。4.分词作补语通常在感官动词和使役动词之后，如： I found my car missing.我发现我的车不见了。 Ill have my watch repaired.我想把我的手表修一下。5.分词作表语现在分词： 表示主动，正在进行过去分词： 表示被动，已经完成 She looked tired with cooking.她由于忙着做饭，看上去有些疲倦。 He remained standing beside the table.他依然站在桌旁。6.分词作插入