中考英语总复习第二部分语法专题突破篇专题15复合句

1、专题十五复合句,贵阳中考命题规律及趋势宾语从句为中考的必考点。单项选择题对宾语从句的考查侧重其语序、时态。主要表现在三方面：语序正确，但引导词和时态不同；引导词相同，但语序和时态不同；时态一致，但引导词和语序不同。定语从句主要在单项选择题中出现，都是考的先行词。状语从句在单项选择题中也会出现。 另外，复合句是丰富语言的重要基础，在中考中其他题型中也会频繁出现，特别是阅读理解和书面表达。所以，复合句的复习是中考总复习的一个重点。,贵阳中考重难点突破复合句宾语从句陈述句作宾语从句一般疑问句作宾语从句特殊疑问句作宾语从句定语从句先行词关系词状语从句时间状语从句地点状语从句原因状语从句结果状语从句目的

2、状语从句条件状语从句1宾语从句在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句，中考主要考查的知识点有三个：引导词、语序和时态(1)宾语从句的引导词宾语从句的引导词有三种：that；whether/if；特殊疑问词what/when/where/who等。that引导的宾语从句：that引导的宾语从句一般都是由陈述句充当，引导词that没有实际意义，不在从句中作任何成分， that可以省略，而且从句成分齐全，句意完整。如：She said(that) her mother was a teacher.whether或if引导的宾语从句：if，whether引导的宾语从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的，变

3、成从句后，语序由原来的倒装语序变成陈述语序。如：Let me know whether/if you can come to the party.I dont care whether you like the story or not.【注意】以下情况一般只用whether不用if。a接带to的动词不定式。She doesnt know whether to go to the zoo.b与or not连用时。Im not sure whether or not he will come on time.疑问词引导的宾语从句：此类宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，变成宾语从句后要用陈述语序，由疑问词

4、引导。包括who，whom，whose，what，which，where，when，how，why等。这些引导词有各自的意思，在从句中要作相应的成分，不能省略。如： Could you tell me what time it is now?He didnt know how old the man was.(2)宾语从句的三个注意事项语序：宾语从句要用陈述语序，注意相应的助动词和动词的变化等。如：How old is the man? He wants to know how old the man is.时态：如果主句是一般现在时，宾语从句根据实际情况用各种时态。He says he wi

5、ll go to Beijing in a week.He says he has been to Beijing.如果主句是一般过去时，宾语从句用相应的过去时态。The boy said he was watching TV at that time.The boy said that he had already been to Beijing.如果宾语从句是表示客观真理和规律的句子时，用一般现在时。Our teacher told us the earth runs around the sun.否定转移：主句中谓语动词为think、believe，从句的否定要转移到主句中，其反意疑问句

6、与从句一致。如：I dont think theyll wait to the last minute.I dont believe he did this，didnt he?2定语从句用从句作定语的句子叫定语从句。定语从句一般放在它所修饰名词或代词的后面，这个名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的连接词称为关系代词或者关系副词。关系代词在从句中代表先行词可以作主语、宾语、定语等。关系副词代表先行词在从句中可以作状语。(1)what不能引导定语从句。(2)关系词的分析须考虑它在定语从句中的成分。一是：当先行词是人，指人的关系代词有who，whose，whom，that。如：The old man

7、who/whom/that we met yesterday is a famous scientist.She knows the child whose parents have gone to Beijing.The man with whom my father talked just now is the headmaster.(The man who/whom that my father talked with just now is our headmaster.)二是：当先行词是物，指物的关系代词有which、whose(of which)、that。如：(1)I like

8、the movie which/that was directed by Feng Xiaogang.(2)The machines(which/that) we made last year were very good.(3)This is the city in which we have lived for 30 years.(This is the city which/that we have lived in for 30 years.)(4)I live in the room whose windows are very big.(I live in the room，the

9、 windows of which are very big.)【注意】指物时，下列情况只能用that，不宜用which。先行词为不定代词，如All，much，anything，everything，nothing，something，none，the one等。如：We are willing to do anything that is good to us.I have told them all(that) I know.先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。The first book that I read was an English novel.先行词是形容词最高级或被最高级修饰时。

10、This is the most exciting movie that I have ever seen.如果有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时(先行词既有人又有物)，定语从句的关系代词，只能用that。如：We know nothing about the doctors and the hospitals that you are talking about.如果先行词被the only，the very，the last，the same，any, few ，little，no, all ，one of, just修饰时。如：This is the only book that

11、can be lent to you.3状语从句用作状语的句子叫状语从句。引导状语从句的连接词是从属连词。状语从句可以在句首，也可以在句尾，根据其用途可分为：时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、条件状语从句，比较状语从句等。(1)时间状语从句：时间状语从句表示时间，常用连接词有：when(当时)，while(当时)，as(当时)，before(在之前)，after(在之后)，since(自从)，until(直到), as soon as(一就)，once(一旦就)等。如：I didnt go to bed until I finished my homewor

12、k.I can listen to the radio while I work.【注意】 时间状语从句中，要用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如：I will telephone you when he comes.Ill stay here until you come back. when引导时间状语从句，表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生，从句的谓语可以是延续性动词，也可以是瞬间动词。如：He was working when I went in.When she heard the news，she began to cry.while引导的状语从句中常用延续性动词或表示状态的动词，

13、意思是“在期间”。如：They rushed in while we were singing.我们唱歌时，他们冲进来。as引导状语从句，强调同时发生，不分先后。可以译成“随着”或“一边一边”。John sings as he walks home. while还可以表示两者之间的对比关系。如：I like playing football，while Tom likes listening to music. since引导状语从句，主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。如：We have been friends since we met in Beijing.It has been s

14、ix years since she left school.(2)地点状语从句：地点状语从句表示地点。其连接词有where(哪里)，wherever(无论哪里)等。如：Put it where you find it.You can sit wherever you like.(3)原因状语从句：原因状语从句表示原因或者理由。其连接词有：because(因为)，as(因为)，since(既然)等。如：I often eat carrots because they are good for my health.As I dont know the way，I had to ask the p

15、oliceman.【注意】 because表示因果关系语气最强，常用来回答why提出的问题。I didnt tell them because they were too young. because和so不能同在一个句子里。Because the book was expensive，I didnt buy it.(I 前不用so)(4)结果状语从句：表示结果。其连接词有：sothat(如此以致)，so that(结果)，suchthat(如此以致)等。如：Its such a good chance that you cant miss it.The chance is so good t

16、hat you cant miss it.如果名词前由many、much、few、little(少)等词修饰，则用so。如： He had so many falls that he was black and blue all over.sothatHe runs so fast that nobody can catch up with him.Dr.Wang is so good that everybody loves and respects him.(5)目的状语从句：表示目的。其连接词有：so(以便)，so that(为了)，in order that(为了)等，从句中多用情态动

17、词can，will，may，should 等。如：He got up very early so that he could catch the first train.(6)条件状语从句：条件状语从句表示条件。其连接词有：if(如果)，unless(如果不；除非)，as long as(只要)等。如：If it is fine tomorrow，we will go swimming.【注意】条件状语从句中，要用一般现在时代替一般将来时。unless意思相当于ifnot。如：Unless it rains，the game will be played.(7)让步状语从句：常由though/

18、although(虽然)，even if/though(即使)等引导。如：Though its hard work，I enjoy it.,贵阳中考题例及解析单项选择根据语境或句意，选择可填入句子的最佳选项。( )1.(2017贵阳中考)Xiao Ming，youll be late for school _ you hurry up.AafterBthoughCunless【解析】答案为C本句为unless引导的条件状语从句。主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。( )2.(2016贵阳中考)My father is the person _ influenced me most in my

19、childhood.Awho Bwhen Cwhich【解析】答案为A此题为定语从句考查题，先行词person为人，所以定从引导词用who。( )3.(2015贵阳中考)Excuse me，could you tell me _？OK.Its on Main Street.Awhere was the supermarketBwhere is the supermarketCwhere the supermarket is 【解析】答案为C此题考查点为宾语从句，根据选项，重在考查宾语从句的“陈述句”语序，故选C。( )4.Andy is _ generous that he donated _

20、 he had to the charity.Aso；that Bsuch；that Cso；what【解析】答案为Csuch为形容词，修饰名词，so是副词，修饰形容词、副词what与后面的he had构成名词意义“他所有”，故根据句意选C。,考点抢测单项选择( A )1.Do you remember _ he came?Yes，I do.He came by car.Ahow Bwhen Cthat ( C )2.You can go out _ you promise to be back before 12 oclock.Aso that Bas far as Cas long as ( A )3.He lived in Paris for three months，during _ time he learned some French.Awhich Bthat Cit ( A )4.Sometimes the