考研英语试题语法难点精析汇总

1、 考研英语试题语法难点精析（15） MPA考试 推荐给好友 收藏本页 2007/5/29 保存本文 5不定式和分词作状语的区别 （1）现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别。 现在分词做状语与过去分词做状语的最主要区别在于两者与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别。 1）现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。 He went out shutting the door behind him. 他出去后将门随手关上。 Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help. 由于不知如何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。

2、 2）过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。 Given more attention, the trees could have grown better. 如果对这些树多关心一些，它们本来会长得更好。 Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them. 在遇到困难的时候，我们必须设法克服。 (2动词不定式和分词作状语的区别 1分词作状语一般表示伴随，而不定式常常表示目的。 They stood by the roadside talking about the plan他们站在路边谈论着

3、这个计划。(伴随 They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan他们站在路边为的是谈论这个计划。(目的 2分词作状语放在句子开头，除表示原因之外有时表示时间或条件。动词不定式作状语时，除了表示目的以外，还表示结果或原因。 Reading attentively，he forgot the time for lunch由于在专心读书，他忘了吃午饭的时间。(原因 Reading carefully，he found something he had not known before他仔细读书时，发现了一些从前不知道的东西。(时间 Reading

4、carefully，youll learn something new只要你仔细阅读，你会学到一些新的东西。(条件 His family was too poor to support him他的家庭太穷，不能维持他的生活。(结果 The boy is not tall enough to reach the book shelf这男孩个子不够高，手伸不到书架。(结果 We are glad to hear the news我们很高兴听到这消息。(原因 （3）下面一些句型是不定式做状语时候应该注意的： a：not/never tooto, toonot to , but/only too to

5、, too ready/eager/apt/inclined to 表示肯定意义 b：做结果状语的不定式只能出现在句子的末尾，常见的不定式动词有：find, hear, see, be told, form, give, make, produce 等。 c：不定式做状语时，其逻辑主语一般为句子的主语，否则用for引导主语。 转贴于：MPA考试_考试大 【责编:pengjinling 纠错】 5天5夜突破英语听说，100%保证！点击进入 考研英语试题语法难点精析（16） MPA考试 推荐给好友 收藏本页 2007/5/29 保存本文 6非谓语动词常考的其它结构 （1疑问词+不定式结构 疑问词w

6、ho，what，which，when，where和how后加不定式可构成一种特殊的不定式短语。它在句中可以用作主语、的宾语、的表语和双重宾语。如： When to start has not been decided何时动身尚未决定。(主语 I dont know what to do我不知道该怎么办。(宾语 The difficulty was how to cross the river困难在于如何过河。(表语 I can tell you where to get this book.我可以告诉你哪里可以买到此书。（双重宾语） （注）A.有时疑问词前可用介词，如： I have no i

7、dea of how to do it.我不知道如何做此事。 B.动词know 后面不能直接跟不定式作宾语，只能跟疑问词（如：how, what）+不定式： While still a young boy, Tom knew to play the piano well and as he grew older, he wrote operas, the most famous of which is Carmen. (2介词except和but作“只有，只能”讲时跟不定式结构（but与不带to的不定式连用）。 When the streets are full of melting snow

8、, you cannot help but getting your shoes wet. (3不带to的不定式 1）在表示生理感觉的动词后的不定式不带to。这类词有： feel 觉得 observe 注意到，看到 overhear听到 watch注视 listen to听 perceive察觉，感知 notice注意 see看见 look at看 hear听 On seeing the young child fell into the lake，Eric sprang to his feet，and went on the rescue. 2另一类是某些使役动词，如make, let，ha

9、ve等。如： Let him do it.让他做吧。 I would have you know that I am ill我想要你知道我病了。 (注： 上述感觉动词与使役动词转换为被动结构时其后的不定式一般需带to，如： He was seen to come The boy was made to go to bed early. 在动词find与help之后，不定式可带to亦可不带to，如: He was surprised to find the sheep (to break fence at this season他发现羊在此季节越出栅栏，感到惊讶。 3在do nothingany

10、thingeverything but(except结构中。例如： Last night I did nothing but watch TV昨天晚上，我除了看电视别的什么也没有干。 但是，如果谓语动词不是“do nothing，anything，everything”，那么but(except所跟的不定式则仍须带。 The doctor told him nothing but to stop smoking医生除了让他戒烟，其它什么都没有说。 There was nothing for them to do but to remain silent除了保持沉默以外，他们没有别有别的办法。

11、（4）不定式与动名词的逻辑主语和分词独立结构 1不定式的逻辑主语为：for +名词(或代词宾格+ 不定式。例如： I found it impossible for him to do the job alone我发现他个人干这活是不可能的。 (注在表示人物性格、的特性等的形容词后面，常用of引出不定式的逻辑主语。例如： It was wise of him to do that他那样做是明智的。 2动名词的逻辑主语为；人称代词的所有格+动名词；名词s+动名词。例如： Tom insisted on my going with them他坚持要我和他们一起去。 He dislikes his

12、wifes working late他不喜欢他妻子工作得很晚。 3某些形容词，如：careless等不定式后可以加of来引导出其逻辑主语。这类词主要有：absurd, bold, brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind thoughtful, considerate, greedy, generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel ,selfish, wicked, wrong等 It is very ki

13、nd of you to help me你帮助我太好了。 间或也可用for + there to be表示（而且there后面的不定式只能是to be）。 Its a great pity for there to be much trouble in the company.太遗憾了公司里有这么多的麻烦。 转贴于：MPA考试_考试大 【责编:pengjinling 纠错】 5天5夜突破英语听说，100%保证！点击进入 考研英语试题语法难点精析（17） MPA考试 推荐给好友 收藏本页 2007/5/29 保存本文 7非谓语动词中的有关句型 （1）动名词作主语的句型 1）Doing.+ v.

14、Reading is an art.阅读是门艺术。Seeing is believing.眼见为实。 2 It is + no use, no good (fun, a great pleasure, a waste of time, a bore.等名词+doing sth. It is no use crying.哭没有用。It is no good objecting.反对也没有用。 It is a great fun playing football打篮球很有趣。 It is a waste of time trying to explain设法解释是浪费时间。 3It is + us

15、eless (nice, good，interesting, expensive等形容词+ doing sth It is useless speaking.光说没用。 It is nice seeing you again真高兴又遇到了你。 It is good Playing chess after supper晚饭后弈棋挺好。 It is expensive running this car开这种小车是浪费。 4There is no + doing.(there is no 表“不可能” There is no telling what he is going to do说出他要干什么

16、是不可能的。 There is no saying what may happen.说出将要发生什么是不可能的。 5There is no use (good/point/sense/harm+doing sth.做某事没用(不好/意义/重要性 There is no use crying over spilt milk牛奶洒了，哭也无用。 6have difficulty /trouble/problem + (in+doing have作有解时，后接情感名词(in可省略，再接动名词。这类词还有trouble, fun, a hard time, a good time. 例如：We had

17、 difficulty (in carrying out the plan我们执行计划有困难。 7feel like + 名词 感觉像动名词 “ 想要” =would like to +原形动词 I feel like a newborn baby我感觉像一个新生的婴儿。 Do you feel like going to a movie?你想看电影吗? I dont feel like studying tonight今晚我不想读书。 8 spend/waste time doing sth. They spent a lot time (in making preparations他们花了

18、许多时间作准备。 9在require后只能用动名词，不能用不定式，尽管表示被动的意思也要用动名词的主动形式。 This problem requires studying with great care这个问题需要仔细研究。 10）cannot help doing sth.忍不住（做什么） I cannot help laughing, once I see john in that big trouser. (2有关分词句型 1在表示感觉和心里状态的动词see，hear，feel，smell，listen(to，notice，observe，smell，watch这类表示感觉的动词之后常跟

19、“宾语+现在分词”的复合结 构，这种动词与分词之间的宾语可以是普通名词或专有名词(人各等，也可以是代词宾格(him，us等。例如： She smelt something burning and saw smoke rising她闻到有东西在燃烧并看到有烟升起来了。 I watched them rehearsing the play我看他们排演戏。 I could feel the wind blowing on my face我能感觉到风在我脸上吹过。 2表示“致使”等意义的动词，如：catch，find，leave，give，have，get，set后也可跟上述(1的结构，有时也可跟过去

20、分词结构。例如： I caught them stealing my apples我抓住他们偷我的苹果。 If she catches me reading her diary，shell be furious.如果她抓住我偷看她的日记，她会愤怒的。 We found him waiting to receive us我们发现他正等着接待我们。 3go +现在分词表示“从事”之意，这时现在分词做主语补语。go之后所接现在分词均表示短暂而又愉快的户外活动。如：jogging慢跑，fishing钓鱼， dancing跳舞，skating溜冰，bowling打保龄球，shopping 购物，sigh

21、tseeing游览，camping露营。 Ill go camping tomorrow我明天去露营。 Ill go shopping我去商店。 Would you like to go skating with me?你想和我去溜冰吗? 4be busy + v-ing(现在分词忙着做 I am busy writing my thesis我正忙着写论文。 His assistant is busy(in correcting papers他的助教忙于批阅考卷。 或者be busy with + n.忙着做某事。 He is busy with his work他忙着工作。 5What do

22、 you say to + ing分词?(怎么样? What do you say to joining us for dinner?和我们一起进餐，你看怎么样? （3）有关动词不定式句型 下面这些词组是不定式的习惯用法，只能用不定式形式。 can not help but do, can not but do, cannot choose but do, can do nothing but do, have no choice/alternative to do When I consider how talented he is as a painter, I cannot help b

23、ut believe that the public will appreciate his gift. (4there be的非谓语形式 there be非谓语形式可在句中作主语、的宾语、的状语和定语。(其中作宾语和状语在1991年和1994年测试过，定语见1996年题10。 The students expected there to be more reviewing classes before the final exams(作宾语如1991年题30 1作动词宾语时，通常用there to be结构，而不用there being。能这样用的及物动词为：expect，like，mean

24、，intend，want，prefer，hate等，如： We dont want there to be any comrades lagging behind，我们不希望有任何同志掉队。 They hate there to be long queues everywhere.他们不愿意处处都要排长队。 We have no objection to there being a meeting here我们并不反对在这里开会。 It isnt enough for there to be a frost tonight，so I can leave Jims car out quite s

25、afely(作状语 2作状语多用there being结构，但若置于介词之后，for用there to be整个介词短语作程度状语，其它多半用there being。 There being nobody else at hand, I had to do by myself由于附近没有人，我只得独自干了。(原因状语 Its too early for there to be anybody up太早了，还不会有人起床。(作程度状语 There having been no rain for a long time，the ground was very dry因为好长时间没下雨了，地面非常干

26、燥。(原因状语 3作主语时两种结构都可以，但如是用for引导则要用there to be。 It is not uncommon for there to be problems of communication between old and young老人与年青人之间存在着沟通问题是很常见的。 There being a kindergarten on campus is a great convenience to female teachers幼儿园在校园内对女教师十分方便。 4作定语。 There be结构作定语时，定语从句中谓语为there be，there之前的关系代词常常省略。

27、如： This is the fastest train (that there is to Nanking这是到南京的最快一班车。 I must make full use of the time there is left to me and do as much as I can for the people我要充分利用我剩下的岁月尽量为人民多做些事。 转贴于：MPA考试_考试 大 【责编:pengjinling 纠错】 5天5夜突破英语听说，100%保证！点击进入 考研英语试题语法难点精析（18） MPA考试 2007/5/29 保存本文 推荐给好友 收藏本页 目标测试 1._in t

28、he matriculation for postgraduate in a short time is really a hard nut ATo make high scores BMaking high scores CTo make low goal DMaking low goal 2.I found _ to answer all the questions within the time given Ano possibility Bthere was impossibility Cimpossible Dit impossible 3.The students expected

29、 there _ more reviewing classes before the final exams Ais Bbeing Chave been Dto be 4.Youre going to England next year. You should now practise _ English as much as possible. A. speak B. to speak C. speaking D. Speak about 5.If we dont start out now, we must risk _ the train. A. miss B missing C. be

30、ing missed D to miss 6. The flexibility of film allows the artist _ unstrained imagination to the animation of cartoon characters. Ato bring Bbrining Cis brought Dbrings 7.Although the lecture had already been on for five minutes，I still was not able to find a chair_. A. to sit Bfor to sit on Cto si

31、t on Dfor sitting 8. Surely her daughter would make an even bigger effort _ her? Aplease Bpleased Cto please Dhaving pleased 9.Lots of empty boots were found under the old mans bed. He must have done nothing but _. A. drink B. to drink C. drinking D. drunk 10.The local health organization is reporte

32、d _ twenty-five years age when Dr. Adudon became its first president. A. to be set up B. being set up C. to have been set up D. having been set up 11.I heard him _the door A. locking B. to lock C. lock D. being locking 12.He does nothing but_ A. complaining B.to complaining C. complain D. to complai

33、n 13.The students expected there_ more reviewing classes before the final exam. A. is B. being C have been D. to be 14. The bank is reported in the local newspaper _ in broad daylight yesterday. A. to be robbed B. robbed C. to have been robbed D. having been robbed 15.I appreciated _the opportunity

34、to study abroad two years ago. A. having been given B. having been C. to have been given D. to have given 16.There is no point _further. A. argue B. to argue C. arguing D. being arguing 17.Nowhere in nature is aluminum found free, owing to its always _with other elements, most commonly with oxygen. A. combined