解剖名词中英对照(神经系统部分)

1、神经系统解剖名词中文解剖名词英文解剖名词对照总论联络神经元association neuron轴突axon双极神经元bipolar neuron中枢神经系统Central nervous system化学突触Chemical synapse皮质Cortex树突Dendrite树突棘Dendrite spine电突触Electrical synapse纤维束Fasciculus神经节Ganglion神经胶质细胞Glial cell灰质Gray matter髓质Medulla运动神经元Motor neuron多级神经元Multipolar neuron髓鞘Myelin sheath神经Nerve神

2、经细胞Nerve cell神经纤维Nerve fibers神经系统Nervous system神经原纤维Neurofibril神经胶质Neuroglia神经元Neuron尼氏体Nissl body神经核Nucleus假单极神经元Pseudounipolar neuron反射弧Reflex arc施万细胞Schwann cell感觉神经元Sensory neuron躯体神经Somatic nerve突触Synapse突触间隙Synapse cleft终扣Terminal bouton内脏神经Visceral nerve白质White matter中枢神经系统皮质脊髓束Anterior corti

3、cospinal tract前索Anterior funiculus灰质前连合Anterior gray commissure前角Anterior horn前止中裂Anterior median fissure脊髓小脑前束Anterior spinocerebellar tract脊髓丘脑前束Anterior spinothalamic tract白质前连合Anterior white commissureBarne前外侧束Anterolateral tract of Barne布朗-色夸综合征Brown-Sequard syndrome马尾Cauda equine中央管Central can

4、al颈膨大Cervical enlargement脊髓圆锥Conus medullaris皮质脊髓束Corticospinal tract背外侧束Dorsolateral fasciculus楔束Fasciculus cuneatus薄束Fasciculus gracilis丝Filum terminale角Horn中间带Intermediate zone中间外侧核Intermediolateral nucleus中间内侧核Intermediomedial nucleus侧柱Lateral column皮质脊髓侧束Lateral corticospinal tract外侧索Lateral fu

5、niculus脊髓丘脑侧束Lateral spinothalamic tract腰舐膨大Lumbosacral enlargement内侧纵束Medial longitudinal fasciculus后角固后核Nucleus proprius胸核Nucleus thoracicus后柱posterior column后索Posterior funiculus灰质后连合Posterior gray commissure后正中沟Posterior median sulcus脊髓小脑后束Posterior spinocerebellar tract后角边缘核Posteromarginal nucl

6、eus网状结构Reticular formation网状脊髓束Reticulospinal tract红核脊髓束Rubrospinal tract舐副交感核Sacral parasympathetic nucleus脊髓Spinal cord胶状质Substantia gelatinosa顶盖脊髓束Tectospinal tract前庭脊髓束Vestibulospinal tract脑展神经核Abducent nucleus副神经核Accessory nucleus动眼神经副核Accessory nucleus of oculomotor nerve听结节Acoustic tubercle前叶

7、Anterior lobe脊髓小脑前束Anterior spinocerebellar tract原小脑Archicerebellum最后区Area postrema脑桥基底部Basilar part of pons基底沟Basilar sulcus结合臂Brachium conjunctivum下丘臂Brachium of inferor colliculus上丘臂Brachium of superior colliculus脑桥臂Brachium pontis脑干Brain stem脑Brain (或 encephalon)延髓脑桥沟Bulbopontine sulcus小脑中央核Cent

8、ral nuclei of cerebellum小脑皮质Cerebellar cortex小脑半球Cerebellar hemispheres小脑核Cerebellar nuclei小脑Cerebellum大脑水管Cerebral aqueduct大脑脚Cerebral peduncle大脑小脑Cerebrocerebellum第四脑室脉络丛Choroids plexus of fouth ventricle攀缘纤维Climbing fiber蜗神经核Cochlear nucleus致密部Compact part小脑体Corpus of cerebellum皮质延髓束Corticobulbar

9、 tract大脑脚底Crus cerebri楔束核Cuneate nucleusrowCuneate tubercle内侧丘系父叉Decussation of medial lemniscus锥体交叉Decussation of pyramid齿状核Dentate nucleus蜗背侧核Dorsal cochlear nucleus迷走神经背核Dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve被盖背侧交叉Dorsal tegmental decussationE-W核Edinger-Westphal nucleus栓状核Emboliform nucleus面神经丘Facial coll

10、iculus顶核Fastigial nucleus绒球小结叶Flocculonodular lobe绒球Flocculus前脑Forebrain第四脑室Fourth ventricle面神经膝Genu of facial nerve巨细胞网状核Gigantocellular reticular nucleus球状核Globose nucleus小脑小球Glomerulus薄束核Gracile nucleus薄束结节Gracile tubercle菱脑Hindbrain水平裂Horizontal fissure舌下神经核Hypoglossal nucleus舌下神经三角Hypoglossal t

11、riangle小脑卜脚Inferior cerebellar peduncle下丘Inferior colliculus下髓帆Inferior medullary velum下橄榄核Inferior olivary nucleus下泌涎核Inferior salivatory nucleus前庭卜核Inferior vestibular nucleus内弓状纤维Internal arcuate fibers脚间窝Interpeduncular fossa中间核Interposed nuclei第四脑室外侧孔Lateral apertures of fourth ventricle外侧网状核La

12、teral reticular nucleus前庭外侧核Lateral vestibular nucleus蓝斑Locus ceruleus内侧隆起Medial eminence内侧丘系Medial lemniscus内侧纵束Medial longitudinal fasciculus前庭内侧核Medial vestibular nucleus第四脑室正中孔Median aperture of fourth ventricle正中沟Median sulcus延髓Medulla oblongata中脑水管mesencephalic aqueduct三叉神经中脑核Mesencephalic nuc

13、leus of trigeminal nerve中脑Mesencephalon后脑Metencephalon中脑Midbrain小脑中脚Middle cerebellar peduncle分子层Molecular layer三叉神经运动核Motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve末脑Myelencephalon新小脑Neocerebellum小结Nodule疑核Nucleus ambiguous展神经核Nucleus of abducent nerve面神经核Nucleus of facial nerve舌下神经核Nucleus of hypoglossal nerve

14、下丘核Nucleus of inferior colliculus动眼神经核Nucleus of oculomotor nerve孤束核Nucleus of solitary tract滑车神经核Nucleus of trochlear nerve中缝背核Nucleus raphes dorsalis中缝大核Nucleus raphes magnus闩Obex橄榄Olive旧小脑Paleocerebellum臂旁核Parabrachial nuclei为止中网状核Paramedian reticular nucleus小细胞网状核Parvocellular reticular nucleus梨

15、状细胞层Piriform cell layer脑桥Pons三叉神经脑桥核Pontine nucleus of trigeminal nerve脑桥网状核Pontine reticular nuclei脑桥小脑三角Pontocerebellar trigone脑桥核Pontine nucleus小脑后切迹Posterior cerebellar notch后叶Posterior lobe后穿质Posterior perforated substance脊髓小脑后束Posterior spinocerebellar tract后外侧裂Posterolateral fissure顶盖前区Pretec

16、tal area原裂Primary fissure前脑Prosencephalon锥体Pyramid蚓锥体Pyramid of vermis锥体束Pyramidal tract红核Red nucleus绳状体Restiform body网状部Reticular part菱脑Rhombencephalon菱形窝Rhomboid fossa红核脊髓束Rubrospinal tract三叉神经脊束核Spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve三叉神经脊束Spinal tract of trigeminal nerve脊髓小脑Spinocerebellum脊髓丘脑束Spinot

17、halamic tract髓纹Strae medullares黑质Substantia nigra界沟Sulcus limitans小脑上脚Superior cerebellar peduncle上丘Superior colliculus上髓帆Superior medullary velum上橄榄核Superior salivatory nucleus前庭上核Superior vestibular nucleus顶盖脊髓束Tectospinal tract顶盖Tectum被盖Tegmentum脑桥被盖部Tegmentum of pons第四脑室脉络组织Tela choroidea of fou

18、rth ventricle小脑扁桃体Tonsil of cerebellum斜方体Trapezoid body三叉丘系Trigeminal lemniscus三叉丘脑束Trigeminothalamic tract蚓结节Tuber of vermis蚓垂Uvula of vermis迷走神经三角Vagal triangle蜗腹侧核Ventral cochlear nucleus腹侧网状核Ventral reticular nucleus被盖腹侧交叉Ventral tegmental decussation小脑蚓Vermis前迫区Vestibular area前庭神经核Vestibular nu

19、clei前庭小脑Vestibulocerebellum间脑、端脑杏仁体Amygdaloid body角回Angular gyrus前连合Anterior commissure联络纤维Association fibers听觉区Auditory area听觉性语言中枢Auditory speech area基底核Basal nuclei距状沟Calcarine sulcus尾状核Caudate nucleus中央沟Central sulcus大脑皮质Cerebral cortex大脑纵裂Cerebral longitudinal fissure大脑横裂Cerebral transverse fis

20、sure扣带回Cingulated gyrus屏状核Claustrum侧副沟Collateral sulcus连合纤维Commissural fibers脐月氏体Corpus callosum纹状体Corpus striatum齿状回Dentate gyrus间脑Diencephalons背侧纵束Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus背侧丘脑Dorsal thalamus上丘脑Epithalamus第I躯体运动区First somatic motor area第I躯体感觉区First somatic sensory area穹窿连合Fornical commissure穹

21、窿Fornix额叶Frontal lobe苍白球Globus pallidus味觉区Gustatory area海马结构Hippocampal formation垂体门静脉Hypophysial portal veins垂体Hypophysis下丘脑沟Hypothalamic sulcus下丘脑Hypothalamus额卜回Inferior frontal gyrus漏斗核Infundibular nucleus漏斗Infundibulum岛叶Insula额下沟Interior frontal sulcus内囊Internal capsule内髓板Internal medullary lami

22、na室间孔Interventricular foramen外侧膝状体Lateral geniculate body外侧沟Lateral sulcus侧脑室Lateral ventricle豆状核Lentiform nucleus边缘叶Limbic lobe边缘系统Limbic system乳头丘脑束Mamillothalamic tract乳头体Mammilary body前脑内侧束Medial forebrain bundle内侧膝状体Medial geniculate body后丘脑Metathalamus额中回Middle frontal gyrus运动性语言中枢Motor speech

23、 area神经干细胞Neural stem cell枕叶Occipital lobe嗅觉区Olfactory area视父叉Optic chiasma中央旁小叶Paracentral lobule海马旁回Parahippocampal gyrus室旁核Paraventricular nucleus室旁垂体束Paraventriculohypophysial tract顶叶Parietal lobe顶枕沟Parietooccipital sulcus松果体Pineal body中央后回Postcentral gyrus中央前回Precentral gyrus投射纤维Projection fibe

24、rs壳Putamen隔区Septal area底丘脑Subthalamus额上回Superior frontal gyrus额上沟Superior frontal sulcus缘上回Supramarginal gyrus视上核Supraoptic nucleus视上垂体束Supraopticohypophysial tract端脑Telencephalon颗叶Temporal lobe透明隔Transparent septum颗横回Transverse temporal gyrus灰结节Tuber cinerem结i'j垂体束tuberohypophysial tract结节漏斗束Tu

25、beroinfundibular tract钩Uncus腹前核Ventral anterior nucleus腹外侧核Ventral lateral nucleus腹后核Ventral posterior nucleus腹后外侧核Ventral posterolateral nucleus腹后内侧核Ventral posteromedial nucleus平衡觉区Vestibular area视觉区Visual area视觉性语言中枢Visual speech area书写中枢Writing area脑神经展神经Abducent nerve副神经Accessory nerve副神经核Acces

26、sory nucleus传入神经Afferent nerves迷走神经前干Anterior vagal trunk顺行溃变Anterograde degeneration耳颗神经Auriculotemporal nerve自主神经系统Autonomic nervous system颊神经Buccal nerve颈动脉窦支Carotid sinus branch腹腔支Celiac branches颈支Cervical branch鼓索Chorda tymani睫状神经节Ciliary ganglion蜗神经节Cochlear nerve蜗神经Cochlear nerve交通支Communicat

27、ing branch脑神经Cranial nerves传出神经Efferent nerves面神经Facial nerve额神经Frontal nerve神经节Ganglion膝神经节Geniculate ganglion舌咽神经Glossopharyngeal nerve耳大神经Great auricular nerve枕大神经Greater occipital nerve岩大神经Greater petrosal nerve肝支Hepatic branches舌下神经Hypoglossal nerve骼腹下神经Iliohypogastric nerve骼腹股沟神经Ilioinguinal n

28、erve卜牙槽神经Inferior alveolar nerve下神经节Inferior ganglion喉下神经Inferior laryngeal nerve日吓神经Infraorbital nerve滑车卜神经Infratrochlear nerve中间神经Intermediate nerve泪腺神经Lacrimal nerve枕小神经Lesser occipital nerve岩小神经Lesser petrosal nerve舌支Lingual branches舌神经Lingual nerve下颌神经Mandibular nerve下颌缘支Marginal madibular bran

29、ch上颌神经Maxillary nerve鼻睫神经Nasociliary nerve动眼神经Oculomotor nerve嗅神经Olfactory nerve眼神经Ophthalmic nerve视神经Optic nerve耳神经节Otic ganglion副父感神经Parasympathetic nerve周围神经系统Peripheral nervous system咽支Pharyngeal branche膈神经Phrenic nervePosterior branch胃±Posterior gastric branche后根Posterior root迷走神经后干Posteri

30、or vagal trunk翼腭神经节Pterygopalatine ganglion喉返神经Recurrent laryngeal nerve逆行溃变Retrograde degeneration躯体神经Somatic nerve脊神经节Spinal ganglion脊神经Spinal nerve镜骨肌神经Stapedial nerve下颌下神经节Submandibular ganglion上牙槽神经Superior alveolar nerves上神经节Superior ganglion喉上神经Superior laryngeal nerve锁骨上神经Supraclavicular ner

31、ves眶上神经Supraorbital nerve滑车上神经Supratrochlear nerve融支Temporal branches三叉神经节（半月节）Trigeminal ganglion三叉神经Trigeminal nerve滑车神经Trochlear nerve鼓室神经Tympanic nerve迷走神经Vagus nerve植物神经系统Vegetative nervous system前庭神经节Vestibular ganglion前庭神经Vestibular nerve前庭蜗神经Vestibulocochlear nerve内脏神经Visceral nerves颤神经Zygom

32、atic nerve内脏神经系统腹主动脉丛Abdominal aortic plexus主动脉肾神经节Aorticorenal ganglion自主神经系统Autonomic nervous system心丛Cardiac plexus腹腔神经节Celiac ganglion腹腔丛Celiac plexus颈外动脉丛External carotid plexus交感干神经节Ganglia of sympathetic trunk奇神经节Ganglion impar内脏大神经Greater splanchnic nerve灰交通支Grey communicating branches海德带Hea

33、d zones腹下丛Hypogastric plexus颈卜神经节Inferior cervical ganglion肠系瞋下神经节Inferior mesenteric ganglia节间支Interganglionic branches颈内动脉丛Internal carotid plexus内脏小神经Lesser splanchnic nerve腰内脏神经Lumbar cervical ganglion副父感神经Parasympathetic nerve椎旁神经节Paravertebral ganglion盆丛Pelvic plexus盆内脏神经Pelvic splanchnic nerv

34、e咽丛Pharyngeal plexus内脏神经丛Plexus of visceral nerve节后纤维Postganglionic fiber节后神经元Postganglionic neruron节前纤维Preganglionic fiber节前神经兀Preganglionic neuron星状神经节Stellate ganglion锁骨下动脉丛Subclavian plexus颈上神经节Superior cervical ganglion肠系膜上神经节Superior mesenteric ganglion交感干Sympathetic trunk交感神经Sympathetic nerve

35、胸神经节Thoracic ganglia植物神经系统Vegetative nervous system椎动脉丛Vertebral plexus内脏运动神经Visceral motor nerve内脏神经系统Visceral nervous system内脏感觉神经Visceral sensory nerve白交通支White communicating branches神经系统传导路听辐射Acoustic radiationg肾上腺能通路Adrenergic pathway胺能通路Aminergic patheway听觉传导通路Auditory pathway丘脑中央辐射Central rad

36、iation of thalamus化学通路Chemical pathways胆碱能通路Cholinergic pathway传导通路Conductive pathway皮质核束Corticonuclear tract皮质脊髓束Corticospinal tract多巴胺能通路Dopaminergic pathway平衡觉传导通路Equilibrium pathway锥体外系Extrapyramidal system最后公路Final common pathway一般内脏感觉传导通路General visceral sensory pathway核卜瘫Infranuclear paralysis下运动神经元Lower motor neuron运动（下行）传导通路Motor (descending) pathway震颤麻痹Parkinson's disease瞳孔对光反射Pupillary light reflex pathway锥体束Pyramidal tract锥体系Pyramidal system感觉（上行）传导