中国古代建筑及构造中英文对照

1、中国古代建筑及构造中英文对照（全国自然科学名词审定委员会1996年公布） 宫palace,temple  殿hall 厅hall又称“堂”室room 房house 亭pavilion 台platform 坛altar 楼storied building 阁pavilion 廊colonnade 榭pavilion on terrace 水榭waterside pavilion 轩windowed veranda 民居folk house 四合院courty

2、ard house 寨stockaded village 舫boat house 阙que, watchtower 牌楼pailou, decorated gateway 华表huabiao, ornamental pillar 塔pagoda 硬山flush gable roof 悬山overhanging gable roof 歇山gable and hip roof 庑殿hip roof 四阿hip roof 卷棚round ridge roof 重檐doub

3、le eave roof 攒尖pyramidal roof 园攒尖round pavilion roof 大木wooden structure 大式wooden frame with dougong 小式wooden frame without dougong 大木作carpentry work 小木作joinery work 抬梁式构架post and lintel construction 穿斗式构架column and tie construction 井干式构架log cabin con

4、struction 檐柱eave column 金柱hypostyle column 内槽柱hypostyle column唐代术语内柱hypostyle column宋代术语山柱center column 角柱corner column唐、宋术语瓜柱short column 脊瓜柱king post 蜀柱king post宋代术语雷公柱suspended column 帐杆suspended column宋代术语侧脚cejiao宋代术语卷杀entasis 梭柱shuttle-shaped column宋代术语角背

5、bracket 由戗inverted V-shaped brace 叉手chashou, inverted V-shaped brace宋代术语柁墩wooden pier 驼峰tuofeng, camel-hump shaped suport宋代术语梁beam 袱beam宋代术语月梁crescent beam 三架梁3-purlin beam 平梁3-purlin beam宋代术语四架梁4-purlin beam 五架梁5-purlin beam 四椽袱5-purlin beam宋代术语六架梁6-purlin be

6、am 七架梁7-purlin beam 六椽袱7-purlin beam宋代术语九架梁9-purlin beam 八椽袱9-purlin beam宋代术语单步梁one-step cross beam 双步梁two-step cross beam 挑尖梁main aisle exposed tiebeam 乳袱rufu, beam tie宋代术语抱头梁baotou beam 穿插枋penetrating tie 角梁hip rafer （木行）purlin (used with dougong)大式檩pur

7、lin (used without dougong)小式抟purlin宋代术语脊（木行）ridged purlin大式脊檩ridged purlin小式脊抟ridged purlin宋代术语金（木行）intermediate purlin大式金檩intermediate purlin小式上中平抟intermediate purlin宋代术语老檐（木行）purlin on hypostyle大、小式，宋代术语正心（木行）eave purlin大式檐檩eave purlin小式下平抟eave purlin宋代术语额枋architrave(used with dougong)大式檐枋architra

8、ve(used with dougong)小式阑额architrave宋代术语由额垫板cushion board大式檐垫板cushion board小式枋tiebeam 脊枋ridge tiebeam 上金枋upper purlin tiebeam 下金枋lower purlin tiebeam 老檐枋eave tiebeam大式，指檐口构造檐枋eave tiebeam小式，指檐口构造顶椽top rafter 脑椽upper rafter 花架椽intermediate rafter 檐椽eave rafter 飞

9、檐椽flying rafter 飞子flying rafter宋代术语连檐eave edging 瓦口tile edging 颔版tile edging&宋代术语举架raising the purlin 举析raising the purlin宋代术语步架horizontal spacing between purlins 材cai 栔qi 分fen 斗口doukou,mortise of cap block 斗拱dougong,bracket set 斗dou, bracket set

10、 升block with cross mortise 大斗cap block 栌斗cap block宋代术语拱gong,bracketarm 翘flower arm, petal 华拱flower arm宋代术语昂ang,lever 槽升子center block 齐心斗center block宋代术语三才升small block 十八斗connection block 交互斗connection block宋代术语正心拱axial bracket arm 泥道拱axial bracket ar

11、m宋代术语p瓜拱oval arm 瓜子拱oval arm宋代术语p万拱long arm 慢拱long arm宋代术语厢拱regular arm 令拱regular arm宋代术语单材拱outer-side bracket arm 撑头small tie-beam 枋small tie-beam宋代术语耍头nose 攒set of bracket 柱头科bracket set on columns 柱头铺作bracket set on columns宋代术语平身科bracket sets between column

12、s 补间铺作bracket sets between columns宋代术语角科bracket set on corner 转角铺作bracket set on corner宋代术语出extension of bracket 出跳extension of bracket宋代术语跳tiao宋代术语雀替sparrow brace 搏缝板gable eave board 搏缝版gable eave board宋代术语木装修joiner's work 外檐装修exterior finish work 内檐装修interior

13、 finish work 框槛door frame 槛stud 抱框jamb on door or window 格栅partition door 抹头window stool 棂子grill 裙板panel 槛窗sill wall window 榻板window sill 支摘窗removable window 门枕door bearing 门簪decorative cylinder 门跋door knocker 门钉decorative nails o

14、n door leaf 门枕石bearing stone 抱鼓石drum-shaped bearing stone 天花ceiling 帽儿梁lattice framing 支条lattice framing 井口天花compartment ceiling 海墁天花flat ceiling 藻井caisson ceiling 罩shelf 龛niche 博古架antique shelf 瓦石作masonry 檐墙eave wall 廊墙partition

15、wall 扇面墙horizontal partition wall 隔断墙vertical partition wall 槛墙sill wall 樨头gable wall head 挑檐石cantilever stone on eave 五花山墙stepped gable wall 拔磉corbel, hanging over 叠涩corbel, hanging over宋代术语角柱石corner pier 阶条石rectangular stone slab 压阑石rectangular sto

16、ne slab宋代术语台阶steps 踏道steps宋代术语踏垛step 踏step宋代术语斗板石intermediate pier 垂带drooping belt stone 副子drooping belt stone宋代术语象眼triangular space 御路yulu, imperial path 羌差ramp 须弥座xumizuo 圭角guijiao 上枋upper fillet and fascia 下枋lower fillet and fascia 上袅upper cy

17、ma, recta 下袅lower cyma, reversa 束腰suyao 钩栏balustrade宋代术语单钩栏single frieze balustrade宋代术语垂台钩栏double frieze balustrade 望柱baluster 望柱头baluster capital 栏版frieze panel 华版frieze panel 地伏plinth stone 寻杖handrail宋代术语柱顶石capital stone 柱础column base 踬zhi

18、0;碑碣stone tablet 赑屃bixi, stone turtle宋及宋前术语趺fu, stone turtle清代术语石像生stone animal 石人stone human statue 筒瓦round tile 板瓦flat tile 青瓦black tile 脊瓦ridge tile 琉璃瓦glazed roof tile 勾头eave tile 滴水drip tile 瓦当tile end, eave tile with pattern 正吻zhengwen 鸱尾chi