直接引语与间接引语

1、I am the king of the whole world.What did the lion say? Direct Speech and Indirect Speech引语的概念引语的概念直接引述别人的原话，叫直接引述别人的原话，叫 _;_;直接引语直接引语 用自己的话把别人的话陈述出来，叫用自己的话把别人的话陈述出来，叫 _。间接引语间接引语直接引语通常都用直接引语通常都用_括起来，括起来， 引号引号“ ” “ ” 间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个 _。宾语从句宾语从句Direct Speech Indirect SpeechShe said, “I l

2、ike singing. ”She said, “I am waiting for a bus.”She said, “I visited Europe last year.”She said, “I have never met an American.”She said, “I will see you next week.” She said she liked singing.She said she was waiting for a bus. She said she had visited Europe the year before.She said she had never

3、 met an American. She said she would see me the next week. SUMMARY 直接引语是陈述句直接引语是陈述句, ,变为间接引语时变为间接引语时用连词用连词that引导宾语从句引导宾语从句. .从句中的从句中的人人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语状语等相应变化等相应变化. .、人称的变化、人称的变化口诀说明直接引语间接引语一一随随主主二随宾二随宾第三第三人称人称不变不变引号内的第一人引号内的第一人称变间引后与主称变间引后与主句主语的人称保句主语的人称保持一致持一致引号内的第二人引号内的第二人称变间引

4、后与主称变间引后与主句宾语的人称保句宾语的人称保持一致持一致引号内的第三人引号内的第三人称在变间引后人称在变间引后人称不变称不变She said,“ I like Tennis.”She said that she liked tennis.He said to Lily,“ you must get up early.”He told Lily that she must get up early.She said to me ,“ They want tohelp him.”She told me that they wanted tohelp him.一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新一随主

5、，二随宾，第三人称不更新直接引语直接引语 间接引语间接引语一般现在时一般现在时 一般过去时一般过去时 现在进行时现在进行时 过去进行时过去进行时一般过去时一般过去时 过去完成时过去完成时现在完成时现在完成时 过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时一般将来时 过去将来时过去将来时The teacher said,“The sun is bigger than the earth.”The teacher said that the sun is bigger than the earth.注注: : 直引若是客观真理直引若是客观真理, ,变为间引时变为间引时, ,时态不变时态不变. .时态变化2 2 直

6、接引语直接引语 间接引语间接引语指示指示代词代词 时时 间间 状状 语语 地点状语地点状语 方向性动词方向性动词 this, that, these those now, then, today that day this week that week yesterday the day before last week the week before four days ago four days before the day before yesterday two days before tomorrow the next/following daynext month the next

7、/following month here there come, go,bring take 情态动词情态动词 can, may, must could,might,had to Direct SpeechIndirect SpeechShe asked me whetherif I had seen the film.He asked, “Are you a doctor, John?”He asked John ifwhether he was a doctor. She asked us where we were going to get off.He asked them, “Wh

8、o gave you a talk yesterday?”He asked them who had given them a talk the day before.SUMMARY 直接引语是疑问句，变间接引语时，直接引语是疑问句，变间接引语时，要从疑问语序变为要从疑问语序变为陈述语序陈述语序。 直接引语是一般疑问句直接引语是一般疑问句, ,变为间接引变为间接引语时语时, ,用连词用连词 if 或或 whether 连接。连接。 直接引语是直接引语是特殊疑问句特殊疑问句, ,变为间接引变为间接引语时语时, ,仍用仍用原来原来的疑问词的疑问词作连词来引导。作连词来引导。Direct Speec

9、hIndirect Speech“Never do that again,” the teacher saidThe policeman ordered us to be quiet.The policeman ordered:“Be quiet.”The teacher told the boy to open the window The teacher said to the boy ,”Open the window .”The teacher told me not /never to do that again“Wait a moment” she said to them.She

10、 asked them to wait a moment . 直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语，直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语，把动词原形变成把动词原形变成动词不定式动词不定式，并在动词不，并在动词不定前加定前加tell, ask, order , advise等动等动词的宾语。词的宾语。注意：注意：否定句，在动词不定式前加否定句，在动词不定式前加not或或never. .SUMMARYDirect Speech“What a lovely baby it is!” Mrs. Black said.“How exciting the match is!” the students shouted

11、.“What terrible weather!” the boy said.“How strange the case is!” the policeman said.Indirect speechMrs. Black said what a lovely baby it was.The students shouted how exciting the match was.The boy said what terrible weather it was.The policeman said how strange the case was.Summary感叹句由直接引语改为间接引语时，一

12、般由直接引语中的感叹词what 或how 引导间接引语解题步骤解题步骤: :1.1.陈述句陈述句“I dont like computers,” Sandy said to her friends.Sandy said to her friends that I dont like computers.saiddidntsheSandy said to her friends that she didnt like computers.2.2.一般疑问句一般疑问句: :Is it easy to work out the problem?( They asked him )They asked

13、 himifIt is easy to work out the problem.it is easy to work out the problem.askediswasThey asked him if it was easy to work out the problem.3.3.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句：When do you harvest the wheat ?( They asked him )They asked himwhenyou harvest the wheatyou harvest the wheat.harvestedThey asked him when he ha

14、rvested the wheat.4.4.祈使句祈使句Little boy, put on your coat.(They ordered )They ordered Little boy Little boy, put on your coat. put on your coat.They ordered the little boy to put on his coat.注意事项1) 1) 人称人称2) 2) 时态时态 3) 3) 相应的时间地点状语相应的时间地点状语4) 4) 标点符号标点符号5 5） 大小写大小写6 6） 问号改为句号问号改为句号7 7） 语序语序-疑问改陈述疑问改陈

15、述8 8） 宾语从句由什么引出宾语从句由什么引出9) 9) 祈使句要使用动词不定式来引述祈使句要使用动词不定式来引述Exercises : 1). Betty says to Harry, I want to borrow your book.” 2).My teacher said , “she is a good student.”Betty says to Harry (that) she wants to borrow his Book. My teacher said that she was a good student.3) She asked me,” Do you agree with me?”4) Anne asked her mother, “Is there any delicious food to eat?”She asked me if I agreed with her.Anne asked her mother if there was anydelicious food to eat.5) “ What are you going to do?” he asked. 6）“How do you go to school every day?” asked Mr. Zhang.He