英语语法-现在完成时讲解

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上第六讲 现在完成时1. 概念：1）、表示动作或状态在过去已经开始, 持续到现在, 也许还要持续下去, 常和 for, since, 连用, 表示持续的动作或状态多为延续性动词.eg: We have lived here since 2000. 自从2000年以来我们一直住在这里. ( 说明一直住在这里, 也许还会住下去. ) She has worked in Nanning for five years. She has been ill for a week. 2）表示过去发生的或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果. eg: I have lost my

2、pen. 我把钢笔弄丢了. ( 过去某时丢的, 现在还没有找到 ) I have already watched the TV play. 我已经看过这部电视剧了.- Have you had your lunch yet ? 你吃过午饭了吗? - Yes, I have just had it. 是的, 我刚吃过. ( 说明现在饱了) 2. 结构: 主语 + have / has + done + 3. 句型: 肯定句: 主语 + have / has + done + eg： She has been to Shanghai. 她去过上海. I have finished doing my

3、 homework. 我已经完成我的作业了. 否定句: 主语 + have / has + not +done + eg： I havent seen this film. 我没有看过这部电影. eg： She hasnt finished doing his homework. 她还没有完成她的作业. 一般疑问句： Have / Has + 主语 + done + eg: Have you seen this film ? Yes, I have. / No, I havent . 你看过这部电影吗? 是的, 看过. / 不, 没有. eg： Has she finished doing h

4、is homework ? Yes, she has . / No, she hasnt. 她完成她的作业了吗? 是的, 完成了. / 不, 没有. 特殊疑问句： 特殊疑问词 + have / has + 主语 + done + eg: When has you seen this film ? 你什么时候看的这部电影? eg: Who has finished doing his homework ? 谁完成了作业? 4. 时间状语：典型的表时间的词与现在完成时连用，这些词有：for 、since、 already、 yet、 ever、 never、 recently、just、befor

5、e、 so far、 by now、 等连用. 注意: for+一段时间 since+过去的某一个时间点 I have lived in Nanning for ten years. I have lived in Nanning since ten years ago/ 2002. I havent eaten anything for ten hours. I ha havent eaten anything since 6am. already :用于肯定句, 可放在助动词之后、过去分词之前，也可放在句末. I have already finished my homework. yet

6、: 用在疑问句中意为”已经”, 用在否定句中表示”还”, 常放在句末. Have you finished your homework yet? I havent finished my homework yet. ever: 曾经 用于疑问句中： Have you ever been to Beijing? Have you ever been to Shanghai ? 你去过上海吗? never: 未曾 从未 I have never traveled by plane before. 我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过.recently：最近 用于肯定 否定 疑问句中 I have been

7、busy recently. We have not seen Tom recently. Have they been here recently. eg: I have just seen Tom. I havent heard of it before. 我以前从来没有听说过这件事. They have planted 2000 trees so far. The child has learned 100 English words by now.5. 当与一段时间连用时, 经常用for 加一段时间, 这时候谓语动词一定要用延续性的. 非延续性动词-延续性动词 改错：They have

8、 got married for ten years. I have borrowed this book for a week. get married- be married borrow - keep come - be here go - be away / off buy - have start / begin - be on leave - be away die - be dead arrive-be in/at join-be in /be a member of stop-be over return-be back open/close-be closed/openeg:

9、 He came here three days ago. 他三天前来的这. (一般过去时) He has been here for three days. 他来这已经三天了. (现在完成时与一段时间连用, 非延续性动词变延续性动词. ) He went to Dalian last week. 他上周去的大连. ( 一般过去时 )He has been away for a week. 他已经离开有一周了. ( 现在完成时 )I bought the book last month. 我去年买的这本书. ( 一般过去时 ) I have had the book for a month.

10、我保管这本书有一周了. ( 现在完成时 ) The football match started an hour ago. The football match has been on for an hour. 6. 词义辨析 have been to 曾经去过某地，说话时已经从某地回来或者已从该地去了其他的地方。 eg: I have been to Canada. 我去过加加拿大. have gone to 已经去了某地，书说话时还未回来。 eg: He has gone to Dalian. 他去了大连. have been in 已在某地待了多久，大地方用in 小地方用at, 后面是副词则不用介词 The Greens have been in China for two years. 7. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：1）、侧重点不用， 现在完成时是与现在有关的时态， 侧重于过去的动作对现在造成影响， 而一般过去时是一种过去的时态， 侧重于表示过去的动作， 与现在无关。 I went the zoo yesterday. 尽说昨天去了动物园，与现在无关。 Li lei has read the book