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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上高考英语专题复习非谓语动词 非谓语动词适用学科高中英语适用年级高二、三年级适用区域全国-人教版课时时长(分钟)120分钟知识点1.非谓语动词的基本含义,形式2.非谓语动词的三种形式在句中充当的成分教学目标1. 通过模仿、操练和观察,学会演绎和归纳定语从句的基础知识。 2. 能够在真实的交际环境中正确应用非谓语动词3. 复习非谓语动词基本知识,确保学生能够熟练使用非谓语动词教学重点1. 非谓语动词三种形式用法区别2. 分词、不定式作状语、定语、补语的用法3. 动名词作主语、宾语的用法 4. 现在分词、过去分词、动名词及不定式的用法区别教学难点现在分词
2、、过去分词、动名词及不定式的用法区别概述1.谓语动词:在句子中担任谓语的动词2. 非谓语动词:是动词的特殊形式(不定式、动名词、分词(现在分词、过去分词),不能单独作谓语,在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分(主语、宾语、状语等等)3.非谓语动词使用条件一个句子当中,已经存在一个主句(谓语动词),又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat.She got off the bus, but /and left her handbag on her seat.(1) 动词不定式在句中充当的成分 判断下
3、划线部分充当什么成分。 1. To see you is glad. =Its glad to see you. _ 2. I want to see you. _ 3. I want him to see you. _ 4. My hope is to see you. _ 5. He is the man to see you. _ 6. Im glad to see you. _ 7. I went to see you. _ 8. He went home, only to find the bus had gone. _(1) 作主语。 To see once is better t
4、han to hear a hundred times. 百闻不如一见 To make money is not the only purpose of our life.赚钱不是我们生活的唯一目的 在很多情况下,常用it 来充当动词不定式的形式主语。 例如:It is important for us to learn English very well.对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。(2)作动词的宾语,常用在以下动词后: Help(帮助),hope(希望),ask(问),refuse(拒绝),decide(决定),promise(答应),wish(希望),pretend(假装),expe
5、ct(期望),want(想要),need(需要),arrange(安排),learn(学会),plan(计划),demand(要求),dare(敢于),manage(管理),agree(同意),prepare(准备),fail(失败),determine(决定),offer(提供),choose(选择),desire(渴望),elect(选举),long(渴望),happen(发生),seem(看起来)例如:He managed to pass the exam.他成功地通过了考试。 He promised to
6、 be here at nine.他答应9点钟到这儿。 I didnt expect to see you here.我没有料到在这儿见到你。 We agreedhere but so far she hasn't turned up yet. A. having metB. meeting C. to meetD .to have met在某些复合宾语中,用it做形式宾语,而把不定式放到后面去。 例如:He considered it
7、 better to leave now.他认为最好现在就离开。 I found it impossible to finish the work on time.我发现准时完成这项工作是不可能的。 (3) 作宾语补足语( 动词+sb. (not)to do sth.)主语 + ask(询问) / require(要求) / request(请求)/tell(告诉) / order(要求) / force (强迫)/ get(使) / want(
8、想要)/ like(喜欢)/advise(建议)/allow(同意)/consider(认为)/ encourage(鼓励)/forbid(禁止)/intend(打算、意图)/permit(允许)/persuade(说服)/remind(提醒)/urge(催促)/warn(警告)/wish(希望)+sb. (not)to do sth. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him. A. not toB. not to do C. not do itD. do not to The pati
9、ent was warnedoily food after the operation. A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eatingMy advisor encouraged _ a summer course to improve my writing skills.A. for me takingB. me taking C. for me to takeD. me to take在有些使役动词及感官动词后可用省略to的动词不定式let,make,have,hear,see,feel,smell,hear,watcheg.
10、The teacher often makes me rewrite the composition.老师常常让我把作文重写。 将该句转换成被动语态:I am often made by the teacher to rewrite the composition. Paul doesn't have to be made.He always works hard. A. learnB. to l
11、earnC. learnedD. learning(4)作定语(常置于名词之后)。 由only, last, next,best 等序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式做定语; He is the last person to leave school.他是最后一个离开教室的人I dont think he is the best man to do the job.我想他不是做这项工作的最佳人选。不定式还可用作某些名词或代词的宾语
12、 ability(能力), attempt(尝试), chance(机会), curiosity好奇), desire(好奇心), decision(决定), determination(决心), effort(影响), failure, (失败) intentionon(意图), need(需要), opportunity(机会), place(地方), plan(计划), promise(承诺),
13、;reason(原因), right(权利) Something(一些事) ,anything(任何事),everything(所有事), nothing(没什么事) 例如: I have no desire to travel. 我没有去旅游的欲望Youll find something to interest you here.在这儿你会发现一些感兴趣的东西注:动词不定式to后所接动词若是不及物动词,而不定式与其修饰的动词之间有动宾关系,这个不定式后就
14、应有必要的介词。 例如:I havent decided which hotel to stay at. 我还没有决定好呆在哪一个旅馆 I found no one to play with. 我没有发现可以玩的人(5)作状语 I walked slowly on the ice in order not to fall down. 我在冰上慢慢走不至于跌倒 (表目的) I rushed to the station, only to find the bus had left. 我冲到车站,结果发现车已经开了(表结果) He tried only to fail. 他尝试了结果没有成功(表结
15、果) She was happy to hear the news. 他听到消息很高兴(表原因) 不定式常用于修饰下列形容词: able,afraid,angry, anxious, apt, careful, careless, certain, clever, considerate, delighted, difficult,eager, easy, fit, frightened , happy, interesting, likely, lucky, quick, ready, right, sorry, surprised, sure, thoughtful, thoughtles
16、s, unable, unwilling, wrong .例如:French is difficult to learn. 法语难学。 Im sorry to interrupt you.打扰你很抱歉 You were silly not _ your car. (2004高考湖南卷) A. to lockB. to have lockedC. lockingD. having lockedHelen had to shout _ above the sound of the music. (2004高考广西卷)A. making herself hear B. to make herself
17、 hearC. making herself heard D. to make herself heard(6)作独立副词成分 例如:To speak frankly(坦诚地说), I dont like your attitude. To speak generally(一般说来), I get up at 7 oclock.(7)与疑问词连用。疑问代词who, what, which和疑问副词when, where, how等后加动词不定式,构成不定式短语,可在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。 例如:When to start has not been decided.什么时候出发还没 I
18、 dont know how to use the computer.我不知道怎么用电脑 My question is how to learn English well.我的问题是怎样学好英语注:在有些动词后常用疑问词 + 动词不定式的结构。这类动词有:know, ask, tell, show, wonder, consider, understand, learn, instruct, guess, see, explain, discover,
19、160; imagine, think, hear 等。 例如:He didnt know what to do next. I havent decided whether to go to Japan.我没有决定是否到日本去。 I've worked with children before, so I know what _in my new job.Aexpected Bto expectCto be
20、 expecting Dexpects The mother didn' t know _to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out. A. who B. when C. how D. what 不定式的复合结构 由for + 名词或代词 + 动词不定式构成的复合结构在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、状语等。 It is necessary for you to finish
21、0;the work before Friday.你们有必要在星期五前做完这项工作。 His idea is for us to travel in different cars.他的主意是让我们乘不同的车去旅游。 由of 引出的不定式复合结构,经常与以下形容词连用:bold, brave, careless, civil, clever, courageous, fooli
22、sh, good, honest, kind, nice, rash, right, rude, stupid, silly, thoughtful, thoughtless, wrong, wise等。(通常表示人物性格的词) 例如:Its kind of you to say so. Its brave of you to
23、;go into the burning building to save the baby!你真勇敢,冲进着火的大楼里救这个婴儿 不带to 的动词不定式 (1)在下列结构后常用不带to的动词不定式:had better, would rather, can not but, cannot help but, do nothing but等。 例如:Id
24、160;better go now, or Ill miss the train. They can not but accept his advice.我只好接受他的建议。 (2)在except, but 之前有动词do作实义动词,则except, but 后一般接不带to的动词不定式,反之则接带to 的动词不定式。 例如:We have no choic
25、e but to wait.我们除了等待别无选择(我们只好等待).There is no choice but to go there. 我们别无选择只能去那里(我们只好去那里)There is nothing to do but read a book. (这里没什么事可做的,只能看书)(3) 在why, why not结构中,紧接其后的动词不定式不带t
26、o 例如:Why argue with him? 为什么与他争吵? Why not send those books back?为什么不把那些书送回去? (4)同一结构并列由and或or连接。I want to finish my homework and (to )go home.Im really puzzled what to think or (to)say.(2) 动名词在句中充当的成分判断下划线部分充当什么成分。 1. Swimming is his favourite s
27、port. _ 2. He enjoys swimming. _ 3. His favourite sport is swimming. _(1)作主语 例如:Asking for help is sometimes necessary. 请求帮助有时是必要的。 Eating too much is not good for your health.吃得太多对你的健康不利。 (2)作补语、表语例如: Seeing
28、160;is believing. (做表语)眼见为实We call such an act cheating.(做补语)我们称这样的行为为作弊/欺骗行为。 (3)作以下及物动词及词组的的宾语 动词:mind(介意),finish(完成),enjoy(享受),practice(练习), suggest(建议),permit(同意),appreciate(赞赏),consider(认为),miss(错过),dislike(不喜欢),keep(on)(坚持),avoid(避免),imagine(想象),ris
29、k(冒险),escape(逃离),admit(承认),stand(忍受),allow(同意),forbid(禁止),excuse(打扰),without(没有)等等。短语动词:give up(放弃),put off(推迟),look forward to(期望),feel like(想要),insist on(坚持),object to(反对),preventfrom(阻止某事不被.),set about(开始),can't help(不禁,忍不住),be/get used t
30、o(习惯于)what about、how about(做.怎么样)、be fond of(喜欢)、be good at(擅长于)等;短语:be worth doing(值得做某事),be no good doing(做某事没好处),be no use doing(做某事没用),be busy doing(忙于做某事)等 例如:The mother did agree to let the boy risk&
31、#160;swimming across the river.冒险游过河 His wife doesn't allow smoking inside the room but allows him to smoke outside the room. 他的妻子不允许在室内抽烟,但是允许他在室外抽。 All of them insisted
32、;on my staying with them a few days longer. 他们都坚持让我跟他们多呆久一点。 I'm looking forward to hearing from you soon. 我希望很快收到你的来信。She doesn't feel like eating anything.不想吃任何东西 。另在want
33、, need, require等动词后,常用动名词的主动形式表示被动的意思(主语与动名词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系)。 例如:My hair needs cutting. (= My hair needs to be cut.)You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. Well, now I regretthat.A. to doB. to be doing C. to have done D.
34、 having doneI must apologize for _ ahead of time. That's all right.A. letting you not knowB. not letting you knowC. letting you know notD. letting not you knowOne learns a language by making mistakes and _ them.A. correct B. correcting C. corrects D. to correct (5) 作定语。它与被修饰词之间没有逻辑上的主谓
35、关系,通常只表示用途或与所修饰的名词有关的动作。 例如:The factory built a swimming pool last year.游泳池 Our teacher uses a very good teaching method.教学方法 (6) 作同位语。例如:His hobby, making model airplanes, is ver
36、y interesting. 动名词的复合结构 动名词的复合结构由物主代词或名词所有格 + 动名词构成。如果不是在句子开头,这种结构常可以由名词的普通格或人称代词宾格 +动名词构成, 在句中可作主语、宾语等。例如: Do you mind my closing the door? Do you mind me closing the door? My closing&
37、#160;the door made him angry. I cant stand Lao Changs talking like that about other comrades.Victor apologized for _ to inform me of the change in the plan. A. his being not able B. him not to be ableC
38、. his not being able D. him to be not able动名词的某些固定结构 (1) It is + no use, no good(fun,a great pleasure, a waste of time,a bore.)等名词+doing sth. It is no use crying.哭没有用。
39、60;It is no good objecting.反对也没有用。 It is a waste of time trying to explain设法解释是浪费时间。 (2) It is + useless+doing sth It is useless speaking.光说没用。(3) There is no + v
40、-ing “是不可能的”。(it is impossible to do ) There is no knowing how old she is.(= I t is impossible to know how old she is.) There is no telling where shes gone. (4)make
41、0;a point of + doing “认为是必要的” Our family make a point of going to church every Sunday (5) be on the point of + doing “濒临,将要” He was on the point of l
42、eaving. (6) on (upon) + doing “一就” On hearing the news, I changed my plans.(= As soon as I heard the news, I changed my plans.) (7)go + doing (大部分指运动和游戏) 例
43、如:He went shopping / hiking / swimming / fishing etc. (8)动名词短语常用在以下结构中 have difficulty (in) + doing sth have trouble (in) + doing sth have
44、;fun (in) + doing sth/ have a good time (in) + doing sth/have a hard time (in) + doing sth We have great difficulty
45、0;(in) solving the problem.我们解决这个问题有困难。 (9) feel like + 名词“想要”=would like to +原形动词 例如:Do you feel like going to a movie?你想看电影吗? (三) 分词在句中充当的成分 (1)作定语。作定语的分词如果是单个分词,放在所修饰的名词前;如果是
46、分词短语则放在所修饰的名词后面。在用作定语时,分词在意思上接近一个定语从句。 The boring snow made the bored boys go home. China is a developing socialist country.发展中的社会主义国家 The man writing the homework is my friend.(=The
47、60;man who is writing the homework is my friend.) The broken glass scattered on the ground.破杯 注:现在分词与过去分词都可作定语,但现在分词表达的是正在进行的事情,有主动意义;而过去分词表示的是已完成的事情,有被动意义。 Falling leaves 正在飘落的树叶(表主动、表进行) fallen leaves 已经落下的叶子(表完成)(2)宾语
48、补足语。能带分词作宾补的动词常见的有see, hear, keep, find, notice, watch, think, want, smell, observe等。 I found him reading a novel. 在读小说(现在分词作宾语补足语) I found him surrounded by a group of childr
49、en.一群孩子包围着 (过去分词作宾语补足语) (3) 作表语。 分词做表语有两种,一种是过去分词做表语,一种是现在分词做表语。表示“某人或物令人.的”用现在分词“ing”形式;表示“人感到.的”用过去分词“ed”形式Interesting 令人感到高兴的 interested 人感到高兴的Exciting 令人感到激动的 excited 人感到激动的Surprising 令人感到惊奇的 surprised 人感到惊奇的类似的词还有:delighting(高兴的)、 satisfying(满足的)、disappointing(失望的)、encouraging(鼓舞
50、人心的)、pleasing(高兴的)、puzzling(费解的)、worrying(焦虑的)Eg. Travelling is interesting but tiring. Students will get confused if they learn too much. Im interested in this interesting book.(4)作状语。分词作状语可以表示时间, 原因, 条件, 结果, 伴随,让步情况。 作时间状语(分词作状语前面可加when, while等):(While) Working in the fact
51、ory, he was an advanced worker. Having finished the homework,I went home.(有先后的时间关系, 可加after)作原因状语(分词作状语前面可加because,as等):Being short of money, I decided to apply for the work. Seeing nobody at home, he decided to leave them a noteSeriously
52、160;injured, Allen was rushed to the hospital. Tired by the trip, he soon fell asleep.= _, he soon fell asleep.in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. LosingB. Having lost C. LostD. To lose by the beauty of nature , the girl from London dec
53、ided to spend another two days on the farm .AAttracting BAttracted CTo be attracted DHaving attracted 作条件状语(分词作状语可加if,unless等):(If ) going there by plane, well have to pay twice as much.(Unles) asked to answer questions, the&
54、#160;pupils were not supposed to talk in Mrs Smiths class.作结果状语(分词做状语可加and,thus):The husband was dead, leaving his wife alone. He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces.European football is played in 80 countries, _it the most popular sport
55、in the world.A. making B. makes C. make D. to make作伴随状语:He came to the room, singing and dancing The girls came in, following their parents."Can't you read it?" Mary said _ to the notice.A. angrily pointing B. and point angrilyC. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointingThe t
56、eacher came in, followed by some students.=The teacher came in and was followed by some students.作让步状语:(Though )raining heavily, it cleared up very soon. 分词的特殊结构 独立主格 有时分词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致,这时分词须带上自身的主语,这种结构称为独立主格结构。这种结构在句中多作伴随状语。亦可用来表示时间、原因、条件等。 Weather permitting, we will&
57、#160;go out. = if weather permits,we will go out. The teacher having finished the lesson, the students left the classroom. with或without + 名词或代词 + 分词”的复合结构常用作补充说明或表示伴情况。例如:He fell asleep
58、 with the lamp burning. 某些固定结构 generally / frankly speaking ,judging from / by 中,分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致,这种结构只限于为数很少的几个动词。 例如:Judging by his dress, he comes from a wealthy family.从他的衣着判断 Frankly speaking, I don't like him at all.坦率地说 (四)非谓语动词的比较1做主语宾语:一般来说,不定式和动名词成份相同时,表示客观性、一般性行为多用动名词表示,而表示一次性、具体性行为则多用不定式。 Looking after children is her job.照看小孩 是她的工作(一般性)T
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