【课件】Unit4WordsandExpressions课件高中英语人教版必修第一册

1、 Unit 4 NATURAL DISASTERS Words and Expressions 1. disaster dz:st(r): n.灾难灾难;灾害灾害 The earthquake is a natural disaster. tornado tornado2. tornado t:ned : n.(-oes/-os) 龙卷风龙卷风;旋风旋风When a tornado touches the ground, it does a lot of damage. drought3. drought drat : n.旱灾旱灾;久旱久旱The summer drought has kil

2、led at least two thousand animals in Africa. landslide4. landslide lndslad: n. (landfall) (山地或悬崖的山地或悬崖的)崩塌崩塌;滑坡滑坡The ten-hour heavy rain caused lots of landslides in the small country . 5. slide slad : v. (slid, slid) (使使)滑行滑行;滑动滑动 Its fun to slide on the ice.tsunami6. tsunami tsu:n:mi : 海啸海啸 1)More

3、 than 200,000 people lost their lives in the 2004 tsunami. 2)When the tsunami struck the islands, only five people were killed. flood7. flood fld: n. 洪水洪水;大量大量 v.淹没淹没;大量涌入大量涌入 ;使灌满水使灌满水flood in/into大量涌入大量涌入There was a great flood in Linhai last year.The river is in flood. 河水泛滥。河水泛滥。The river has flo

4、oded the whole village. volcanic eruption 8. volcanic eruption vlknk rpn: 火山喷发火山喷发The place was recently visited by a serious volcanic eruption.9. magnitude mntju:d : n.(地地)震级震级; 重大重大 What was the magnitude of the earthquake in Ecuador? 地震按震级大小的分类情况：地震按震级大小的分类情况：弱震弱震：震级小于：震级小于3 级的地震。级的地震。有感地震有感地震：震级

5、等于或大于：震级等于或大于3级、小于或级、小于或 等于等于5级的地震。级的地震。中强震中强震：震级大于：震级大于5级级,小于小于6级的地震。级的地震。强震强震：震级等于或大于：震级等于或大于6 级的地震。级的地震。唐山地震：唐山地震：8.2级级(24万多死亡万多死亡) (1976.7.28)汶川地震：汶川地震：8级级(8万万7千多死亡千多死亡) (2008.5.12)智利地震：智利地震：9.5级级(6千多死亡千多死亡) (1960.5.22) 智利地震是世界有记录的最大地震。智利地震是世界有记录的最大地震。 rescue10. rescue reskju: : n./v. 营救营救;救援救援1

6、)They rescued the boy from the earthquake.2）rescue sb. (from sth.)把把从从解救出来解救出来 come to the / sb.s rescue 进行援救进行援救1、Finally they _(rescue) by helicopter.2、It took the firefighters 5 hours to rescue the boy _ the well.3、A wealthy businessman came to _(they) rescue with a generous donation.were rescued

7、fromtheir11. damage dmd : v. 损害损害;破坏破坏 n.损坏损坏;损失损失damage sth=do/cause damage to 对对造成损害造成损害His car was badly damaged in the accident.严重受损严重受损 1、The accident caused some damage _ my car, but its nothing serious.2、Smoking seriously _ (damage) your health.3、Several cars _(damage) in crash which happened

8、 last night.todamageswere damaged12. destroy dstr: v.摧毁摧毁;毁灭毁灭 (destroyed/destroying)About 2,400 homes were destroyed in the wildfire. (damage destroy ruin)damage: 指部分性的指部分性的,不严重的破坏不严重的破坏 。destroy: 严重的破坏严重的破坏 ,往往不可修复。往往不可修复。ruin: 比比destroy造成的破坏更严重。造成的破坏更严重。 也可指破坏名声也可指破坏名声,期望等等。期望等等。 1)Their houses w

9、ere damaged by the earthquake.2)The enemy destroyed the city.3)The storm ruined the crops.13. evacuate vkjuet: v. 疏散疏散;撤出撤出;撤离撤离Almost 8,800 people were evacuated before the typhoon. helicopter by helicopter14. helicopter helkpt(r) : n. 直升机直升机 Planes and helicopters were used to fight the fire.15. d

10、eath de: n. 死死;死亡死亡 die: v. 死亡死亡 dead: adj. 死的死的 pass away: 去世去世 deadly: 致命的致命的1)The wildfire caused no deaths and no injuries.2)The flood caused eight deaths.16. affect fekt: v. 影响影响; (疾病疾病)侵袭侵袭; 感染感染;深深打动深深打动 affection: n. 喜爱；钟爱喜爱；钟爱 affecting : adj. 感人的感人的 have an affection for 喜爱喜爱 1)In the floo

11、d 82 people were killed and 500,000 people were affected.2)Their opinions will not affect my decision. 2)They were deeply affected/moved/ touched/struck by her words.17. shelter elt: n.避难处避难处;居所居所;庇护庇护 v.保护保护;掩蔽掩蔽 ;躲避躲避(风风/雨雨/危险危险)under the shelter of在在的庇护下的庇护下1)Shelters were set up for the homeless

12、 by the government.2）they were standing under the shelter of a huge tree.shelter/protect .from.: 保护保护.免遭免遭.1)We must shelter/protect the people from the hurricane.18. crack krk: n.裂纹裂纹;裂缝裂缝 v. (使使)破裂破裂There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls.19. as if/though: 似乎似乎;好像好像;仿佛仿佛1)It seemed

13、as if the world were coming to an end.2)It looks as if it is going to rain hard.as if 似乎似乎, 好像好像 = as thoughe.g. She spoke to me as if she knew me.1)虚拟语气（说话者主观想象或夸大的比喻）虚拟语气（说话者主观想象或夸大的比喻）2)陈述语气陈述语气,时态一致时态一致When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it were broken 当铅笔一部分放进水里，看起来好像折断了

14、似的。当铅笔一部分放进水里，看起来好像折断了似的。(虚拟虚拟) It looks as if its going to rain 看样子天要下雨了。看样子天要下雨了。(陈述语气陈述语气)（是事实或可能性很大是事实或可能性很大）as if 后的从句可用两种语气后的从句可用两种语气(3)as if引导的虚拟语气The woman loves the children as if she were their mother.这位女士爱这些孩子，好像她就是他们的妈妈一样。(与现在事实相反，从句用一般过去式或者were)He talks about Rome as if he had been ther

15、e before.他说起罗马来好像他以前去过那里似的。(与过去事实相反,从句用过去完成时had done/ had been)He opened his mouth as if he should say something.他张开嘴好像要说什么。(与将来事实相反，从句用should do,were to do,动词过去式)20. ruin ru:n: n./v. 破坏破坏;毁坏毁坏 (pl.ruins) (be/lie) in ruins : 严重受损严重受损;破败不堪破败不堪1)In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins. 2)Th

16、e bad weather will ruin your trip. in ruins in ruins21. percent psent: n. 百分之百分之 .50 percent is enough.基数词基数词+percent,动词用单数。动词用单数。About 75 percent of the citys factoriesand buildings, 90 percent of its homes,and all of its hospitals were gone.基数词基数词+percent+of+名词作主语，动词名词作主语，动词看名词。看名词。 brick22. brick

17、 brk: n. 砖砖;砖块砖块Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves, but no wind could blow them away.23. metal metl/: n. 金属金属 medal: 奖章奖章 model: 模特模特 modern: 现代的现代的 ; 现代化的现代化的The railway tracks were now useless pieces of metal.24. shock k: v.(使使)震惊震惊 n.震惊震惊;令人震惊的事令人震惊的事;休克休克 1)in shock: 震惊震惊; 吃惊吃惊Peop

18、le were in shock and then, later that afternoon, another quake shook Tangshan again.2)His sudden death was a great shock to his family.1)The news will shock the whole world. (surprise - surprised - surprising) (shock - shocked - shocking) be shocked at/by 对对感到震惊感到震惊 be shocked to do 对做某事感到震惊对做某事感到震惊

19、1)He was very much shocked at the news.shocking adj.令人震惊的是令人震惊的是1)The news is shocking.26. electricity: : 电电; ;电能电能 power: n. 电力电力; 电力供应电力供应 make/produce electricity: 发电发电Water, food and electricity were hard to get.27. trap trp: n. 险境险境;陷阱陷阱 v. 使落入险境使落入险境;使陷入圈套使陷入圈套 set/lay a trap(for): 设陷阱设陷阱(捕捕)

20、be/become trapped in: 陷入陷入 trap sb. into doing sth 诱使某人做某事诱使某人做某事1)They have laid a trap for the Japanese soldiers.2)She was trapped in the burning house last night.3)By clever questioning they trapped him into telling the truth.28. bury beri : vt.埋葬埋葬;安葬安葬Soon after the quake, the army sent 150,000

21、 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.bury oneself in埋头于，专心于埋头于，专心于bury yourself inYou have to your studies if you want to pass entrance examinations.I cant breathe.29. breathe bri: v.呼吸呼吸 breath bre: n.呼吸呼吸 take a (deep) breath: 呼吸呼吸 hold ones breath： 屏住呼吸屏住呼吸

22、 out of breath：上气不接下气：上气不接下气Slowly the city began to breathe again.30. revive rvav : v.复活复活;(使使)苏醒苏醒 revise: v.修改修改;修订修订;复习复习Tangshan started to revive itself and get back up on its feet. (重新站起来重新站起来) 31. revival rvavl: n. 振兴振兴;复苏复苏 32. effort eft : n.努力努力;艰难的尝试艰难的尝试;尽力尽力 make an/no effort to do.: (

23、没没)努力做努力做. spare no effort to do sth不遗余力做某事不遗余力做某事 with/without effort 费力地费力地/毫不费力地毫不费力地1)We must make an effort to achieve our big dreams.33. unify ju:nfa : v. 统一统一;(使使)成一体成一体The new leader hopes to unify the country.34. wisdom wzdm: n. 智慧智慧;才智才智 wise: adj.明智的明智的; 英明的英明的Tangshan city has proved to

24、China and the rest of the world that in times of disaster, people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future.35. context kntekst : n. 上下文上下文;语境语境;背景背景1)If you continue reading, the context will probably help you understand what the word means.2)Can you guess th

25、e meaning of the word from the context?36. suffer sf(r): vt. 遭受遭受;蒙受蒙受 vi. (因疾病因疾病/痛苦痛苦/悲伤等悲伤等)受苦受苦 suffer pain/defeat/hunger/damage/trouble: 经历经历/遭受遭受suffer from.: 因因而痛苦而痛苦;患有患有(疾病等疾病等)1)Some were found alive,though they were suffering from terrible injuries.2) She is more likely to suffer from hea

26、rt disease.a number of很多；很多；许多许多 在在number之前可加之前可加large, small, great, good等表示程度的词；只修饰可数名词，作主等表示程度的词；只修饰可数名词，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式语时谓语动词用复数形式the number of的的数目数目修饰可数名词，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式修饰可数名词，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式1、The number of undergraduates_ (increase) over the years.2、A good number of books in the market _ (be) still

27、 examinationoriented.has increasedareReading 单词分界线单词分界线 volcano erupt37. volcano vlken : n. 火山火山 【volcanoes/ volcanos 】38. erupt rpt: v. (火山火山)爆发爆发; (岩浆岩浆/烟等烟等)喷出喷出The couple who live next to us volunteered to help after the volcano erupted.39. supply spla: n.供应供应(量量);补给补给; pl. 补给品补给品 v. 供应供应;供供supp

28、ly sb with sth= supply sth to/for sb: 向向提供提供 = provide sb with sth = provide sth for sb = offer sb sth = offer sth to sb1)The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the world.3)We will supply enough water and food for the poor people.40. typhoon tafu:n : 台风台风 台风

29、台风: 最大风速最大风速12 13级级 强台风强台风: 风速风速1415级级 超强台风超强台风: 风速风速16级级The typhoon struck/hit many countries in Asia.41. in the open (air): 露天露天;在户外在户外The film will be shown in the open air tonight. 42. hurricane hrkn : n. 飓风飓风;风暴风暴 飓风指大西洋和北太平洋东部地区飓风指大西洋和北太平洋东部地区强大而深厚的热带气旋强大而深厚的热带气旋,其意义和台风类其意义和台风类似似,只是产生地点不同。只是产生

30、地点不同。 typhoon：台风台风 台风是热带气旋的一个类别。指发台风是热带气旋的一个类别。指发生在北太平洋西部生在北太平洋西部(赤道以北赤道以北,国际日期国际日期线以西线以西,东经东经100度以东度以东)的热带气旋。的热带气旋。43. survive svav: vt. 幸存幸存;艰难度过艰难度过 vi.生存生存;存活存活 survival svav()l： n. 生存生存;幸存幸存; 幸存物幸存物 survivor svav: n.幸存者幸存者 survive the earthquake/fire/flood/war: 从从.中幸存中幸存/活下来活下来She is feeding th

31、e baby who survived the earthquake.44. power pa(r) : n. 电力供应电力供应;力量力量;控制力控制力1)The worker have turned off/on the power.2)There will be a power failure tonight. 3)Knowledge is power.45. tap tp: v. 轻叩轻叩;轻敲轻敲;轻拍轻拍 n.水龙头水龙头;轻叩轻叩;轻敲轻敲 tap on/at.: 轻敲轻敲. knock on/at.: 敲敲.1)She has turned on/off all the taps

32、.2)Grace tapped on/at the office door and went in. 46. pipe pap: n. 管子管子;管道管道 47. whistle wsl : v.吹口哨吹口哨;发出笛声发出笛声 n. 哨子哨子(声声);呼啸声呼啸声 After an earthquake (if you are trapped in a room), you can tap on a pipe or a wall or whistle for help.48. emergency im:dnsi: n. 突发事件突发事件;紧急情况紧急情况You can call an emer

33、gency number when you are trapped in a fire.49. calm k:m : adj.镇静的镇静的;沉着的沉着的 v. 使平静使平静;使镇静使镇静 calm () down: (使使)平静平静; 镇静镇静 stay/keep/remain calm保持镇静保持镇静Stay calm no matter what happens.50. aid ed: n.援助援助;帮助帮助;救援物资救援物资 v. (formal)帮助帮助;援助援助1)Some western countries have offered aid after the earthquake

34、. 2)The poor people were aided by the UN.51. kit kt: n. 成套工具成套工具;成套设备成套设备 tool: 工具工具52. first aid kit: 急救箱急救箱53. on hand: 现有现有(尤指帮助尤指帮助) 1)I will explain what emergency supplies people shoud have on hand.2)I have no money on hand to buy some food for you.54. crash kr: v. 碰撞碰撞;撞击撞击; 坠毁坠毁 n. 撞车撞车;碰撞碰撞

35、; 坠毁坠毁 crash into.: 碰撞碰撞. 1)His eldest son was killed in a car crash a few years ago.2)A small plane crashed near the island of Taiwan.55. sweep swi:p: v. ( swept-swept) 打扫打扫;清扫清扫We sweep the floor every afternoon. 56. sweep away: 消灭消灭;彻底消除彻底消除Mr Black told Tom to sweep away the dead leaves under th

36、e trees. sweep up 打扫，清扫打扫，清扫 wave57. wave wev: n. 海浪海浪; 波浪波浪 v. 挥手挥手; 招手招手1)Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes, and cars were swept away by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0. wave to/at sb 向某人挥手向某人挥手2)He waved at the girl, who was singing on the stage. strike

37、58. strikestrak: v. 侵袭侵袭;突击突击;击打击打 (struck, struck/stricken) n.罢工罢工;罢课罢课; 袭击袭击1)The undersea quake struck around 7: 00 a.m., Sunday off the west coast of Indonesias Sumatra Island.2) Will you take part in the strike tomorrow?It stricks/hits sb.that某人突然想起某人突然想起be on strike 在罢工（状态）在罢工（状态）59. deliver dlv(r): v.递送递送;传达传达;发表发表 发表发表 分娩，生产分娩，生产 delivery n.递送，分娩，演讲方式递送，分娩，演讲方式1)However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies.2)The president will deliver a speech about Covid-19. deliver sth. to sb 把某物运送给某人把某物运送给某人60. summary smr