比较级和比较结构

1、比较等级与比较结构比较等级与比较结构Comparison and Comparative Construction讲解提纲讲解提纲 形容词与副词的比较等级形容词与副词的比较等级 比较结构的三大类型比较结构的三大类型asasmorethanthe most 比较结构的其它形式比较结构的其它形式形容词与副词的比较等级形容词与副词的比较等级l三个等级：三个等级：原级原级 Positive/Absolute Degree比较级比较级 Comparative Degree最高级最高级 Superlative Degreel比较级和最高级的形式比较级和最高级的形式规则规则不规则不规则规则形式规则形式 综合

2、形式综合形式Synthetic Form加后缀加后缀-er；-est 分析形式分析形式Analytic Form在原级前加在原级前加more；most构成法构成法原级原级比较级比较级最高级最高级一般单音节词一般单音节词tallfasttallerfastertallestfastest结尾为辅音闭结尾为辅音闭音节单音节词音节单音节词bigbiggerbiggest双音节双音节clevercleverermore clevercleverestmost clever结尾为辅音字结尾为辅音字母母+y+y的双音节的双音节词词easyeasiereasiest多音节词多音节词importantmore

3、 importantmost important规则形式规则形式不规则形式不规则形式原级原级比较级比较级最高级最高级goodbetterbestwellbadworseworstilloldolder/elderoldest/eldestmuch/many moremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest没有比较等级的词语没有比较等级的词语 right, wrong, excellent, perfect, final, whole, ultimate, entire, fatal, spontaneous, univeral

4、, extreme, etc.比较结构比较结构 类型类型asasmorethanthe mostasas 基本形式基本形式as + adj/adv原级原级+ as 分句分句 否定形式否定形式not so/as + adj/adv原级原级+ as分句分句lessthanExamples:Examples:John is as bright as Bob.John is not as/so bright as Bob.John is less bright than Bob.asas变体形式变体形式 as much / many + 名词名词 + as 分句分句e.g. He took as mu

5、ch butter as he needed. She has written as many essays as her brother. as+ adj. 原级原级+名词词组名词词组 + as分句分句e.g. George is as efficient a worker as Jack. = George is a worker (who is) as efficient as Jack. 基本用法基本用法主语不同，比较项目相同主语不同，比较项目相同(不同事物的同一方不同事物的同一方面面)e.g. The girl was as brilliant as her sister. John

6、 doesnt behave as / so politely as Bob.主语相同，比较项目不同（同一事物的两个方主语相同，比较项目不同（同一事物的两个方面）面）e.g. The girl was as brilliant as she was beautiful. He is not so wise as he is witty.主语不同，比较项目也不同（不同事物的不同主语不同，比较项目也不同（不同事物的不同方面）方面）e.g. This swimming pool isnt twice as wide as that one is long. His uncle was as base

7、 and unworthy as his father had been upright and honorable.morethan 基本形式基本形式adj/ adv比较级比较级 + than分句分句 否定形式否定形式lessthannot so/as + adj/adv原级原级+ as分句分句John is brighter than Bob.This car runs less fast than that one.(This car runs slower than that one.)This car doesnt run so/as fast as that one. 比较级前可加

8、数词表示确切的度量比较级前可加数词表示确切的度量e.g. He is two inches taller than his father. He came twenty minutes earlier than the others. 不定冠词不定冠词/零冠词零冠词+形容词比较级形容词比较级+ n. + than分句分句e.g. John is a more efficient worker than Jack.= John is a worker more efficient than Jack.= John is more efficient a worker than Jack. My

9、brother has a larger house than mine.= My brothers house is larger than mine.the+adj/adv比较级比较级+ of词组词组 e.g. John is the brighter of the two boys. The black one is the better of the two pens.n只适用于两者比较只适用于两者比较morethan变体形式变体形式more/less of a +可数名词单数可数名词单数+ than 分句分句e.g. He is more/less of a sportsman th

10、an his brother.= He is more/less sportsmanlike than his brother. He was more of a fool than I thought he was. He was as much of a fool as I thought he was. He was too much of a fool. 基本用法基本用法 比较两个事物的同一方面比较两个事物的同一方面e.g. This task is much more difficult than last one. 比较同一事物的两个方面比较同一事物的两个方面( (“与其与其不如不

11、如”) )(与其说与其说John脑子灵活，不如说他胆子大脑子灵活，不如说他胆子大)e.g. John is more daring than quick-witted. The present crisis is much more a political than an economic crisis.( (当前的危机与其说是经济危机，不如说是政治当前的危机与其说是经济危机，不如说是政治危机危机) )用用lesslessthanthan表示相反的含义表示相反的含义the most+比较范围比较范围 适用于三个或三个以上事物进行比较适用于三个或三个以上事物进行比较 John is the br

12、ightest of the three boys. 比较范围（比较范围（431）：）：可以为介词词组可以为介词词组也可为关系分句或非限定分句也可为关系分句或非限定分句 Its the worst thing I ve ever known.= It cant be worse. George did the most work this morning.= George did more work this morning than anyone else. 有些最高级结构并不是与其它事物相比有些最高级结构并不是与其它事物相比e.g. Please accept my deepest gra

13、titude. I shall do it with the greatest pleasure.最高级最高级the most 的反义的反义 可用可用the least 或原句形容词或副词的反义词的最高级或原句形容词或副词的反义词的最高级e.g. This is the least difficult book Ive ever read.= This is the easiest book Ive ever read. He behaved the least politely of the three.= He behaved the most rudely of the three.比较

14、结构的其它形式比较结构的其它形式（1） A is to B what C is to D A对于对于B就像就像C对于对于D一样一样e.g. You are to me what water is to life. Food is to men what oil is to machine. （2） not soas not so muchas （lessthan）e.g. London isnt so large as Tokyo. = is smaller than It wasnt so much his appearance I liked as his personality.= I

15、liked his appearance less than I liked his personality. = I liked his personality more than I liked his appearance. Not so much .as 与其不如（否定前者，肯定后者） 与其说成功在于运气，不如说在于辛勤劳动 与其说他是个学者，不如说他是个书呆子。 Success lies not so much in luck as in hard work. He is not so much a scholar as a pedant （3）e.g. John is not be

16、tter than Tom. John is no better than Tom. Tom is better than John. John is as bad as Tom. not more than 不多于不多于 no more than 只是，仅仅只是，仅仅no richer than = as poor asno bigger than = as small as no more than 与与一样一样(不不)；既不；既不也不也不 (= not any more than) more than 不只是不只是e.g. A whale is no more a fish than a

17、 horse is. I would no more call you than I would write to you.= I would not call you, just as I would not write to you.II. Learning PointsII. Learning PointsII. Learning PointsII. Learning PointsII. Learning Points no less than = as much as “竟有竟有之多，多达之多，多达”强调多强调多 no less than 前后均为肯定，前后均为肯定， “不亚于，不亚于

18、， 和和 一样一样” 、“正如、正是正如、正是” not less than 意为意为“不少于，至少不少于，至少”，客观地描述，客观地描述 His son has read no less than 50 English books. 他的儿子竟然读了他的儿子竟然读了50本英文书。（强调多）本英文书。（强调多） His son has read not less than 50 English books. 他的儿子读了不少于他的儿子读了不少于50本英文书。（不强调多或少）本英文书。（不强调多或少） The middle-aged man was no less a person than the new minister. 这位中年人正是新来的部长。这位中年人正是新来的部长。 Her voice is no less sweet than it used to be. 她的歌声和以前一样甜美。她的歌声和以前一样甜美。（4） the more the more 越越越越 more and more 越来越越来越e.g. The sooner you start, the more quickly youll finish.The more money he gets, the less happy he has.The prices