选修六unit4知识点

1、U4（ 选修六 ） on/ upon+ n 依靠 , 依赖 , 确 ( 坚 ) 信 You can't depend on your parents forever.depend on/upon+sb.+to do指望某人做You can'tdepend on himto come on time.depend on/upon +it +that . 指望 You may depend on it that he will come.depend on/upon +wh- 从句 Whether you can pass the examdepends on how hard y

2、ou work.That (all) depends./ it all depends. (口语)视情况而定，I may help you. But that/ it depends.2. light1)n. 光, 线, 灯2)v. 照亮 , 点燃 lit(lighted) lit(lighted)He lit a match. 他划着了一根火柴。A smile of triumph lit up her face. 她的脸上闪耀着胜利的微笑。 The match lights easily. 这火柴容易划着3)adj .The suitcase is very There was a lig

3、ht rain He is a light sleeperlight. （轻的）falling.（蒙蒙纟田雨） heavy rain / rain cats and dogs. 他睡不沉。 （易醒的）倾盆大雨3.heat v. / heat up 是某物变热或变暖 heated adj. 热的激烈的heated debate, heated discussionheatedly adv. 愤怒地激昂地heater 加热器发热器consumer (n.).1 消耗 , 花费 ; 耗尽She consumed most of her time in reading.2 吃完 , 喝光The kid

4、s soon consumed all the food on the table. 孩子们一会儿功夫便把桌上的食品全部 吃光。3 使全神贯注 , 使着迷 +withThe boy was consumed with curiosity. 那男孩充满好奇心。as one can = as as possiblePlease come here as soon as possible .= Please come here as soon as you can. . as many as 多达 as long as 长达, 只要 as far as 远至 , 就而论 as well as 和一样

5、好 ,也, 和 as early as 早在6. 对比：Our food supply has given out .His money soon ran out.We are running out of our time.I have run out of my oil.All his savings have beenused up .7.Trap vt. 陷入 / n. 陷阱圈套They finally trapped the mouse in a cage. 最后，他们用笼子把老鼠逮着了。The police set a trap for the thieves.She was tr

6、apped in the burning house. .from . 远离 .stop . (from) . 停止 . prevent (from) . 阻止 .You should clean your room tokeep it from getting dirty. 你应该打扫房间以保持干净。Keep doing 继续keep out 挡住使进不去keep up with 跟上9 What do you think green house gases do?你认为温室气体有什么作用呢 ?本句中 think 后接了一个由 what 引导的宾语从句。但应注意的是： 特殊宾语从句即 当一般

7、疑问句主句的谓语动词是 think, believe ，suppose ， 例 如： 等时，表疑问的词要放在主句前即句首。 suggest 和 guess ，consider, imagine 正 Who do you think will win in the game? 误 Do you think who will win in the game? 当然一般情况下宾语从句的疑问词应放在主句之后，例如： 正 Do you know why we can't cut down the big tree? 误 Why do you know we can't cut down

8、the big tree?when compared to other natural changes 是一个 省略的时间状语从句 ，其 完整 的 形式 应该是 When it is compared to ;在时间、地点、条件、方式或让步状语从句中，如果从句和主句为同一主语，或者从句的主语是it,而且从句中的谓语动词时动词be或含有助动词 be,可省略主语和 be女口：If (it is) so,you must get back and get it. Although (he was) criticized, he stillworked hard.He hurt his legs ba

9、dlywhen (he was) playing footballcompare to/ with:与相比Compared to/with many women, she was indeed very fortunate. compared to most natural changes与大多数的自然变化相比compare A with B ：相比(不同)If you compare her work with his, you will find hers is much pare A to B ：把 A 比作 BA teacher's work is ofte

10、ncompared to a candle.People often compare teachers to gardeners.人们经常把老师比做园丁。The poet compares his lover to a rosein his poem.e about: 发生 =happen( 无被动)1 .This situation should neverhave come out.2 .How did it come about thathe had his leg hurt? 他的腿伤着了，这是怎么发生的？3 .This has not come about overnight. 冰冻

11、三尺，非一日之寒Take place 事件的发生有某种原因或事先的安排 ： The Olympic Games of 2008 took place in Beijing.Happen 偶然或突发性事件： what happened to you?I happened to see him on my way home= It happened that I saw him on my way home.Occur 发生或想到，突然想起，意为发生时 =happen: what has occurred?I occurred to me that she didn't know I ha

12、d moved into the new house.Come about 事情发生了， 但还不知道为什么 。常用于否定和疑问When mother woke up, she didn't know what had come about.Break out 常指战争灾难疾病争吵事件的发生拓展：come into being 形成Come into power/office当权 / 当职Come into force/effect开始生效Come out岀版,结果 come across 偶遇 come to 共计， 苏醒When it comes to 涉及Come up with

13、提岀Come up 在空中岀现，Come along, 进展，跟随come true 成真is no doubt that . 毫无疑问 .There is no doubt thathe can come on time.doubt 的宾语从句 , 肯定句 whether / if / that；否定句只用 thatHe doubted whether they would be able to help.He never doubted that they would win the game.beyond / without doubt 无疑地13. random 随意的胡乱的随机的ra

14、ndomly =at random 任意地随便地14. phenomenon (sing.) phenomena (pl.)the phenomena of nature 自然现象a social phenomenon 社会现象vi. Vt.I subscribe toyour opinion completely.(同意赞同 )I subscribe toa weekly women's magazine( 订阅报纸杂志)She subscribes to a society which helps to protect animals(定期捐款 )16 Without thegre

15、en house effect'，the earth would be about thirty-three degreesCelsius cooler than it is.如果没有温室效应，地球会比现在冷33 C这是一个含蓄虚拟条件句=If there were no“green house effect”, the earth would be about thirty-threedegrees Celsius cooler than it is.But for electricity (= If there were no electricity)， there would b

16、e no modemindustry 要是没有电，就不会有现代工业。He was having a meeting with his students； otherwise he would have come.他当时正与他的学生进行讨论，否则的话他就来帮我们了。He felt very tired yesterday,or he would have attended the party他昨天很累 , 不然他就参加那个聚会了。17. add v.add up 加起来add up to 合计达add to 增加If you add 4 to 3 , you get 7=4 and 3 add

17、up to 7Add up these figures, please.18. quantity1）He likes reading and always buys books in quantity . 他喜欢阅读 , 总是 成批 地买书。2）He prefers quality to quantity when food is concerned. 在吃的方面，他 重质而不重量 3A large quantity of air-conditioners has been sold since the temperature began to rise. 自从气温升高， 大量的 空调已经被卖

18、出去了。a large qua ntity of/large qua ntities of;大量的，许多的in quantity; 成批地，大量地large quantity of/large quantities of之后接 可数或不可数名词 。large quantity of作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。large quantities of作主语，谓语动词都用 复数Quantities of food were on the table.Huge quantities of CO2 are added to the atmosphere.（+不可数）化石燃料 are burned to

19、produce energy.（+可数） Huge quantities of fossil fuelsAs a result of burning fossil fuels, a large _of carbon dioxide _ added to the atmosphere.A. number; is B. quantity; isC. number; are D. quantity; areKey：Bmeans that more heat energy tends to be trapped in the atmospherecausing the globaltemperatur

20、e to go up. 这就意味着更多的热量被困在大气层中，从而引起全球气温上升。causing 现在分词短语置于句尾，通常和句子隔开，作结果状语。，例如： 现在分词作结果状语时，表示正常的结果His father died, leaving him a lot of money and a big company.不定式短语也可以置于句尾，有时前面加 only, 在句子中作结果状语，但往往表示出乎意料之外的或事与愿违的结果， 例如：the train had left already.He hurried to the station,only to find that20. Tend- t

21、endencyvt. 照顾，护理She is tending （to） a very sick patient. （她在护理一位重病人。 ） There is a farmer tending his sheep.vi. tend to do 易于，往往会；倾向于When I'm tired, I tend to make mistakes.He tends to get angry when people oppose his opinion.went up （to Cambridge） in 1977. （英 ） 上大学Cigarettes are going up （in pri

22、ce）. 上涨New office blocks are going up everywhere. 建造起盖起 The whole building went up in flames.被烧 （ 炸） 毁When are you next going up to Scotland? 北上 苏格兰 Unemployment has gone up again. 增加The curtain goes up on a suburban living-room. （ 舞台幕布 ） 拉起 We re going up to London next weekend. 进城 .go up in smoke

23、化为乌有go by 经过 go in for 参加 go through 经历，遭到 go on 前进22. result in 导致 , 造成 =lead toThe accidentresulted inthree people being killed.result from:起因于，因为The accident the death of two passengers.A. resulted from B. resulted inC. resulted of D. resulted withKey ： B23.oppose sth 反对某事；oppose doing sth 反对干某事b

24、e opposed to sth./do ing sth.反对as opposed to(介词)与对照下1) Most citizensopposed the new tax. 大部分市民反对新税。2) The mother opposed her daughter's going there alone. 这位母亲反对她女儿一个人去那儿3) I' m strongly opposed to your plan. 我坚决反对你的计划。4) His daughter is very athletic,as opposed to his son, who is very cleve

25、r.他的女儿擅长运动，他的儿子却擅长动脑，两人形成鲜明的对比。表示“反对”的短语：say no to 对说不，拒绝，反对；be against 反对，不同意；object to (doing)sth. 反对，讨厌；object that 对提出异议。例如：Can you explain why you said no to my offer? 你能否解释一下为什么拒绝我的帮助？They objected that the schedule was too tight.它们对工作进度表太紧提出异议。24.be of no/little/great/much +consequence不/ 非常重要

26、as a consequence (of )=in consequenee (of)结果(是)，由于take the consequence of 承担责任25. mildadj.1) 温和的 , 温柔的He is the mildest man alive.2) 温暖的 , 暖和的It's been a mild winter this year.3) 味淡的 , 不浓烈的Please make my drink a mild one.4) 轻微的 , 不重的 ; 宽大的他是世上最和善的人了。今年的冬天一直很暖和请把我的酒调得淡一点。answer for the consequenc

27、es对后果负责。1)The rise in lung cancers wasa consequence of cigarette smoking.肺癌的增长是吸烟造成的结果。2) I'm afraid you're ill.你恐怕是病了吧 It's of no consequence.不要紧3) As a consequence ofa great fire the house was completely destroyed.由于大火，房子被彻底毁坏了。4)Who should answer for the consequence ofthe accident. 谁应

28、该为这起事故负责？他被从轻发落。 He was given a mild punishment.she had never seen Mr. Smith陈述 ; 声明 ; 说明26. state-statement The witness stated that The president has made an important statement about the matter. 陈述 ; 声明 ; 说明Ice is the solid state of water . 形态In china, the railway are owned by the state . 国家 , 政府Th

29、ere are 50 states in America 州Everything was in a state of disorder. 状态区分：state 是常用词， 只人或物所处的外表、 心理、健康及所处的情形等方面的情况， 但不如 condition 具体，只用作单数形式。Eg： The house was in a dirty state.用作单数形式，表示人或物目前所处的真实具体状态，尤指内在状condition是常用词，01态，可与 state 替用； eg. be in poor/good condition用作复数形式时，笼统地表示一般状态02eg. poor working

30、 conditions .situation 是一般用词，尤指处于某时期的状况，处境，局面，形势。指各种具体情况综合起来 的状态，多指危急或重大的事态，强调外部因素对该事态的影响，常用作单数形式。oneself in an embarrassing situation有利的状况（如竞争中或战争中的）0 （尤作单数 ）处境，情势（尤指影响某人 position 021行 为的能力）am not in a position to help you.我帮不了你。27. range n.1）排列, 将. 排成行 The cards were ranged in alphabetical order.2

31、 ）（ 在一定范围内 ） 变化The prices of the pens range from $5-$100.3）It's beyond the range of my ability.4）I came within my range of vision .5）he has a wide range of knowledge.bey ond the range of 超岀范围withi n the range of在范围内range from A to B 范围从 A 到 B 28.1) The clouds are building up.云彩在 聚集2) You need mo

32、re protein tobuild you up. 增强体质 , 强身健体 。3) She's built up a very successful business. 逐步 建立4) The singerhas been built up intoa good success. 吹捧，赞扬逐渐增长 building up. 5)I m very glad to see that your vocabulary is gradually6) Hard working conditions build up character. (喻) 能磨练人的性格29. even if(+假设)

33、/though ( +已发生 / 事实)即使I wouldn't tell youeven if I knew.Even if she survives, she'll never fully recover. Even though he's 24 now, he's still like a little child.I can still remember,even though it was so long ago.30. steady-steadily A steady job/income平稳的，持续的，可靠地，稳固的稳定的工作 / 收入A stea

34、dy worker 可靠的工人Steady rain 连绵的雨31. tendency 倾向 趋势She has artistic tendencies. 她有艺术 气质 。There is a growing tendency forpeople to work at home instead of in offices.Mary is nice but she has a tendency to talk too much.有倾向；+to (do) /towardHe has a tendency towardspessimism. 他有悲观的倾向。Bob has a tendency t

35、oexaggerate things.鲍勃有爱夸张的倾向。区分： Trend tendency current:这些名词均含“趋势，倾向”之意。trend: 指事物发展总的方向、倾向或趋势。 A recent trend in literature, fashion trendtendency: 指固有或习得的倾向性，强调没有外来的影响或干扰。 current:指向某一方面发展或在确趋向中行动32. widespread adj .分布广的，普遍的The forests are widespread in our country. 我们的国家森林 分布很广 The new laws gaine

36、dwidespread acceptance.Their suggestion met with widespread disagreement 普遍的There was a widespread belief in his innocencethe whole 总的来说；从总体上看On the whole , he is a good boy.The weather this month has been coldon the whole.On the whole, I'm in favor of the idea. The paper is well writtenon the w

37、hole.34. average 平均；平均水平 adj/n. above the average 在一般 水平以上 , 中上 ; 在平均数以上 below the average 在一般水平以下 , 中下 ; 在平均数以下 on average平均 , 按平均数计算 ; 一般地说一般地说 ; 按平均数计算 , 平均 on an averageThe average of 4, 8, and 60 is 24.(N) 4、 8 和 60 的平均数是 24。What is the average rainfall for August in your country?The average ag

38、e of the students in this class is 9. His average result (of this three subjects) is 96.His results is the average . 他成绩平平I'd say he was of average height. 中等个头Tom is good at maths-well above average. 远远高于平均水平On average , babies start walking at a year old.一般 / 平均来说 短语：behalf of代表一方on behalf of

39、our country.on behalf of my school.We attended the global conferenceI'm greatly honored to performance here v. 提倡主张拥护鼓吹 / n. 提倡者He advocates building more schools.The public advocated passing the mitment -commit v.犯罪犯错误 , 使承担义务 , 为某人作出保证commit a crime3.make a difference :有关系，有影响，有重要性make

40、no difference ：没有关系，没有重要性 It won't make much difference whether you go today or tomorrow. 你今天去或明天去没有多大关系 .It make no difference if you light a lamp in the sunshine.白天点灯多此一举up with 忍受 ; 忍耐 ; 受苦We can't put up with his endless complaint.I'm afraid you'llhave to put up withhis bad tempe

41、r.That woman, as a housewife, has a lot toput up with.Noise is coming to the point wherewe can't put up with it.与 stand, bear 同义We have to bear with his bad temper because he is a bit frustrated these days.I cannot stand waitingany longer.Modern plastics can very high and very low temperature.A

42、stand B. hold C. carry D. Support节省 （钱、时间 ）; 储蓄; 把放在一边put aside put awayput back put downKey: A收拾起来 ; 储存 （ 钱） 放回原处 ; 拖延 写下; 记下;控制put forward 提出 （ 意见、建议 ）; 推荐put off延期 ; 推迟put out 熄灭 ; 扑灭put up举起；张开（伞）;张贴；为提供食宿long as / as long as 只要，如果As long as you don't betray me,I'll do whatever you ask m

43、e to (do).You can go out, as / so long asyou promise to be back before 11 o'clock.As long as you drive carefully, you will be very safe.You may borrow this book so long as you promise to give it back.I will stay as long as I can.on condition that1) I will go abroad 出国。在的条件下on condition thatI ear

44、n enough money. 如果我挣到足够的钱，我就2) We will help youon condition that/as long asyou can offer us the proper reason.只要你能给我们合适的原因，我们就会帮助你。adj. 随便的漫不经心的偶然的，休闲的便装的His casual manner annoyed me . 他无所谓的态度 令我恼火Don't be casual about this. 不要 对此 漠不关心He was forced by thecircumstances to do this.Due to circumsta

45、nces 况，讲座取消了。beyond our control the lecture was cancelled.他做此事是为 环境所 迫。（常用复数）由于无法控制的情Under no circumstancesThe weather was terrible, 在这种情况下should you lend him any money.under/in the circumstances,决不，无论如何不I decided to put off my journey.在任何情况下困时 喝杯茶提神令我们 精神振奋I will not vote for himunder/in any circum

46、stances =I will under/in no circumstances vote for himwill I vote for him.= under/in no circumstances v.( 使)精神振作 , ( 使)精力恢复 , 更新When tired, you can refresh yourself with a cup of tea The host refreshed our teacups.主人又为我们 斟茶 。Sometimes, a small thing all canrefresh your memory n. - contribute toHe has/makes an important contribution tothe company's success.He Contributed a great deal of money to t he Red Cross 捐钱 She has been contributing to the paper for5 ye