Xiamen port logistics development strategy research

1、Xiamen port logistics development strategy researchAbstract Xiamen is important natural deepwater harbor on the southeastern coast of China, particularly in social and economic development in the west coast of Taiwan strait has important position and role.Under the circumstances of global economic i

2、ntegration and the globalization of the market, to develop the port logistics can directly cause region and the urban industrial structure change, become a new growth point of national economic development, the development of xiamen port logistics can greatly improve the investment environment, attr

3、act more foreign companies and international capital, to promote the development of port city and even the national economy has very important practical significance.In this paper, starting from the description of port logistics, this paper introduces the definition of port logistics, port logistics

4、 function and the necessity of xiamen port logistics development, and discusses the xiamen port logistics development status and existing problems, and the advantages of the development of xiamen port logistics makes an analysis, weaknesses, opportunities, threats.Based on this, puts forward some co

5、untermeasures to solve the xiamen port logistics development strategy, the development of xiamen port logistics is more quickly.Key words Port of Xiamen Logistics development Strategic countermeasures国外港口物流的发展与启示国外港口物流的发展与启示之我见84港口不仅是货物水陆空运输的中转地，而且提供了发展转口贸易、自由港和自由贸易区的机会，在现代国际生产、贸易和运输系统中处于十分重要的战略地位，发

6、挥着日益重要的作用。现代物流发展过程中，港口在国际贸易和国际物流方面的作用不断突出，港口商业化的趋势进一步在增强，港口物流成为现代物流发展的重要领域。Port is not only the surface and air transport of cargo transit, but also provides an entrepot, a free port and free trade zone opportunities in the modern international production, trade and transport system is a very import

7、ant strategic position, is playing an increasingly important role. The process of development of modern logistics, port logistics in international trade and continue to highlight the role of the port commercialization trend further strengthened the development of port logistics has become an importa

8、nt area of modern logistics.发展现代港口物流之思考114一、何谓港口物流  港口物流是指中心港口城市利用其自身的口岸优势，以先进的软硬件环境为依托，强化其对港口周边物流活动的辐射能力，突出港口集货、存货、配货特长，以临港产业为基础，以信息技术为支撑，以优化港口资源整合为目标，发展具有涵盖物流产业链所有环节特点的港口综合服务体系。港口物流是特殊形态下的综合物流体系，是作为物流过程中的一个无可替代的重要节点，完成整个供应链物流系统中基本的物流服务和衍生的增值服务。First, What Port LogisticsPort logistics por

9、t city is the center of the port with its own advantages to relying on the advanced hardware and software environment, and strengthen its logistics activities around the port of radiation, highlight the port set of goods, inventory, distribution expertise, the port industry as based, information tec

10、hnology support, in order to optimize the port for the target resource integration, development of logistics industry chain covering all aspects of port features an integrated service system is a special form of port logistics under the integrated logistics system, logistics process as a non- node c

11、an be an important alternative to complete the entire supply chain logistics system, basic services and derived value-added logistics services. 二、发展港口物流的重要性 325 对国际贸易来说，港口作为国际物流链中的技术节点，是船舶、航海、内陆运输、通讯、经济、技术匯集点。在港口地区落户的有货主、货运代理、船东、船舶代理、商品批发零售、包装公司、陆上运输公司、海关商品检查机构等。现代港口已从纯粹的运输中心，经由配送中心发展

12、为今天的物流中心。随着国际多式联运与全球综合物流服务的发展，现代港口作为全球运输网络的节点，将朝着全方位的增值服务方向发展，成为商品流、资金流、技术流与信息流的匯集中心。实现港口物流化，将功能单一的传统港口发展成为物流园区或物流中心，是现代港口建设和发展的一个重要方向。 物流化的港口不再只有货物装卸的简单功能，由于采用现代化的通讯技术和自动化运输、仓储技术，将各种现代化运输方式匯集到港口，以便将货物转运到海外和内陆的广阔腹地去，这时港口成为交通运输枢纽，发挥着转运功能。然后以现代化的运输为主线，将仓储、包装、配送、加工、信息服务等多种物流功能集成化，使港口从交通枢纽转变为内涵更广、层

13、次更高的物流网络节点。货物不仅能在物流网络上畅通流动，而且可根据顾客的需求，在为顾客服务的同时，开展流通加工服务，通过加工服务使货物在港口转运过程中增值，提升港口功能。在目前国际金融危机席卷全球的形势下，要积极发展港口物流，提升我国港口功能，达到搞活腹地经济，进而带动全国经济发展的目的。 Second, The Importance Of The Development Of Port LogisticsOn international trade, the port as an international logistics chain technology node, the s

14、hip, marine, inland transportation, communications, economic, technological collection point located in the port area there are shippers, freight forwarders, ship owners, ship agents, wholesale and retail, packaging companies, land transport companies, customs commodity inspection agencies, etc. fro

15、m a purely modern transportation hub port, through the distribution center to today's logistics center. As the international multimodal transport and the development of global integrated logistics services , the modern port as the world's transportation network node will move towards the dir

16、ection of a full range of value-added services, become a commodity flow, capital flow, technology flow and information flow of the collection center. to achieve port logistics, it will function as a traditional port development logistics park and logistics center, a modern port construction and deve

17、lopment of an important direction. The logistics of port cargo handling not only simple functions, the use of modern communication technology and automation, transport, storage technology, will bring together a variety of modern modes of transport to the port to transport the goods to the overs

18、eas and inland to the vast hinterland, Then become a transport hub in the port played a transport function and then to the main line of modern transportation, the warehousing, packaging, distribution, processing, information services and other logistics functions integrated, so that the port from th

19、e hub into a wider connotation a higher level of logistics network nodes. goods not only in the smooth flow of logistics networks, and according to customer demand, customer service, while carrying out distribution and processing services, processing services through the port of transshipment of goo

20、ds in the process of value-added, enhance the function of ports in the current international financial crisis sweeping the global situation, we should actively develop port logistics, port and enhancing our capabilities, to enliven the heart of the economy, and thus promote national economic develop

21、ment. 论国外港口物流发展对我国的启示637目前，国内港口也已意识到发展港口物流的重要性，纷纷加快了对港口物流的规划和建设，使其从传统的装卸服务型港口向物流服务型港口转型，从而促进我国经济的发展。  1国外主要港口物流的发展模式  国外港口物流发展大致经歷了传统物流阶段、配送物流阶段、综合物流阶段，而今进入到港口供应链物流阶段。国外港口吞吐量较大的几个港口，在港口物流建设上，也走在了世界港口物流业发展的前列。 1.1鹿特丹港港口物流的发展模式 鹿特丹港的港口物流发展模式属于地主型物流中心模式。在这种模式下，港口管理局拥有

22、很大的经营管理自主权和土地使用权，由其统一港口地区的码头设施和临港工业以及其他设施的用地管理。通常港口管理局拿出一部分仓库和堆场开辟为公共型港口物流中心，但其只负责管理和提供基础设施和配套服务，本身不直接参与物流中心的经营。当物流中心建成后再由港口管理局有重点地选择业务基础牢固，信誉好的物流经营方加盟，逐步吸纳工商企业加入物流中心，便其将原材料采购，配送等职能交由物流中心负责，参与供应链管理。一般说来鹿特丹港物流发展模式主要有这些特点:一是由政府统一规划、建设和管理，租赁给企业自主经营;二是港口配套设施齐全，储、运、销形成一条龙服务;三是港口物流中心规模大，专业化程度高;四是港口工业发展迅速，

23、已形成物流链。 1.2安特卫普港港口物流发展模式 安特卫普港的物流发展模式属于共同出资型物流中心模式。该模式通常是以港口为依托，联合数家水、陆运输企业或以股份制形式组成现代物流中心，成为装卸、仓储、运输、配送、信息处理的统一体，开展一条龙、门到门、架到架的综合性服务。这种模式的优点是一方面可以解决港口资金缺乏的困境，另一方面通过与国内外先进的物流企业进行合作，更快地了解和掌握国际上现化物流中心的经营和管理技术及运作方式。一般来说安持卫普港口物流的发展模式主要有这些特点:一是由港务局与私营企业共同投资;二是有着良好的基础设施;三是有着畅通的集疏运网络;四是有着高效的政府管理方

24、式。 1.3新加坡港港口物流发展模式 新加坡港物流发展模式具有供应链型物流中心和联合型物流中心两种模式的特点。供应链型物流中心是由港口物流企业与航运物流企业共同组成物流中心，这种模式是在优势互补的基础上，各方分工合作，共同投资组成紧密型物流集团来经营航运与物流两个供应链环节。联合型物流中心是由港口与保税区，或者与所在城市共同组建的物流中心。一般说来新加坡港物流发展模式主要有这些特点:一是实行自由港的政策，为客商提供方便和优惠;二是物流分工明确，集约经营;三是培育港口物流链，港口与加工业联合发展;四是物流服务形式多样，提供多种增值服务。 Currently, the

25、 domestic ports have been aware of the importance of the development of port logistics, port logistics have accelerated the planning and construction, so that loading and unloading service from traditional logistics service to the port of port restructuring so as to promote China's economic deve

26、lopment.                    A foreign main mode of development of port logistics                    

27、Foreign Port Logistics Development has gone through a stage of traditional logistics, distribution logistics phase, integrated logistics stage, and now into the phase of the port supply chain logistics. Large number of foreign ports port throughput in the port logistics building, also walk in the wo

28、rld, the development of port logistics industry in the forefront.         1.1 Rotterdam Port Logistics Development Modes         Port of Rotterdam's port logistics development model is host-based logistics

29、model. In this mode, the Port Authority have a lot of management autonomy and land use rights, reunification of the port area by the port facilities and port facilities, industrial and other land management. Usually a portion of the Port Authority of warehouse and yard opening type port logistics ce

30、nter for the public, but is only responsible for the management and provision of infrastructure and supporting services, logistics center itself is not directly involved in the operation. When the logistics center built by the Port Authority after a focused selection of business a solid foundation,

31、good reputation to join the logistics business side, and gradually absorb the industrial and commercial enterprises to join the logistics center will purchase their raw materials, distribution and other functions by the logistics center, participation supply chain management. Generally speaking, the

32、 main port of Rotterdam logistics development model has these characteristics: first, by the Government of unified planning, construction and management, leasing to businesses operate independently; second is supporting the port facilities, storage, transportation and marketing the formation of one-

33、stop service; third port large-scale logistics center, the high degree of specialization; Fourth, the rapid development of the port industry, has formed a logistics chain.         Antwerp Port Logistics Development 1.2 Mode     &#

34、160;   Antwerp port logistics development model is a joint venture-type logistics center model. This mode is usually boasting several joint land and water transport enterprises or joint-stock form of the composition of modern logistics center, a handling, storage, transportation, dist

35、ribution, information processing entity, to carry out one-stop, door to door, frame to frame a comprehensive service. This model has the advantage of lack of funds we can solve the plight of the port, the other through an advanced logistics enterprises at home and abroad to cooperate more quickly un

36、derstand and master the international logistics center on the Xian of the operation and management of technology and operation . General safety and support the development of port logistics Antwerp main mode of these characteristics: First, joint investment by the Port Authority and the private sect

37、or; second, has a good infrastructure; third, with smooth collection and distribution network; Fourth, with high government management.         1.3 Singapore and Hong Kong Port Logistics Development Model        

38、60;Singapore and Hong Kong Logistics Development model with supply-chain logistics centers and joint-type logistics center features two modes. Supply chain logistics center logistics enterprises by the port and shipping logistics company jointly formed a logistics center, this model is based on the

39、complementary advantages, all division of labor, joint ventures, compact composition of the logistics group to run the two supply shipping and logistics chain link. Joint Logistic Center by the Port and Free Trade Zone, or the city are established together with the logistics center. Generally speaki

40、ng, Singapore and Hong Kong Logistics Development mode has these features: First, a free port policy of convenience and benefits for the customers; Second, the logistics division of labor intensive; third is to cultivate the port logistics chain, the joint development of the port and processing indu

41、stry; Fourth, a variety of logistics services, providing a variety of value-added services. 国外港口物流的发展与启示之我见51131我国港口物流发展的现状我国拥有1.8万海岸线，11万内河航道，承担着9的国内贸易运输和85以上的外贸货物运输2003年出臺的中华人民共和国港口法标志着我国港口管理步入了以法行政、以法治港、港口管理迅速与国际接轨的歷史新阶段；同时，港口下放和港口体制改革推动了港口发展新一轮热潮，各地方政府抓住机遇，纷纷提出“港口兴市”新战略。例如，大连将“西拓北进、产业强市、港口兴

42、市”作为其“大大连”发展目标的重要举措；连云港提出走“以工兴港、以港兴市、以市带农”之路；上海正通过港口兴市、贸易兴市、金融兴市、技术兴市共同拉动，增强上海的总体实力和经济规模；汕头以港口兴市，大力发展临港工业，建设集运输、储存、加工、物流配送于一体的现代港口城市；湛江正积极实施“港口兴市、工业强市”战略；深圳早于前几年已雄心勃勃地开始实施它的港口兴市战略；福建省的厦门、漳州、莆田、宁德等地市也纷纷提出“港口兴市”战略。目前，港口已成为我国对外开放的门户和窗口。我国对外开放的港口已有140多个，已与50多个国家签订了海运协定，已有30多个国家近百家境外航运公司获准在中国港口开辟集装箱班轮航线。

43、按2010、2020中长期港口发展规划，对长三角、环渤海、华南和东南沿海、西南沿海四大区域经济的港口货源进行整合，加快上海国际航运中心、20个枢纽港的建设，提高码头泊位大型化和专业化水平，增深长江口等出港航道水深，促使港口成为国际物流的核心枢纽。3.1 Current Situation of China's Port Logistics Development         With over 18000 km coastline, 110,000 km inland waterway, be

44、ar the 9% of domestic trade and transport and 85% of foreign trade cargo transportation along the coast there are more than 1460 commercial port along the Yangtze River. In 2003, the mainland's coastal ports and inland port cargo throughput of 1.98 billion of the respective t and 650 million t,

45、compared with 2002 growth of 18.6% and 14.7%, Shanghai, Dalian, Qinhuangdao, Tianjin, Ningbo, Qingdao, Guangzhou, Shenzhen and other ports in the eight cargo throughput are more than 100 million tons, together with Hong Kong, Kaohsiung, China Yidundagang Yidundagang half of the world's populatio

46、n accounted for, including Shanghai more than 300 million t, the world's third largest port. In the meantime, China's port container throughput to become the brightest spot in the economy in 2003, the completion of 48 million TEUs, ranking first in the world 31% increase over 2002. Among the

47、m, Hong Kong breaking 20 million TEUs, has ranked as the world's dominant player, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Hong Kong complete the 11.28 million TEUs and 10.62 million TEUs, respectively, the third and fourth largest in the world container port.         Int

48、roduced in 2003's "The People's Republic of China Port Law" indicates that China has entered the port management to law administration, the rule of law in Hong Kong, port management and international standards quickly a new historical stage; the same time, port and port reforms pro

49、moted the decentralization of port development a new round of upsurge of local governments to seize the opportunity, have put forward the "Port Prospering City," new strategy. For example, Dalian will be the "West Extension north, Chanyeqiangshi, Port Prospering City" as its &quo

50、t;big Dalian" an important measure development goals; Lianyungang made to go "to work Hing Kong, to Hong Kong Prospering City to city, with agriculture" road ; Shanghai is through the port Singshih, trade Singshih, finance Singshih, technology Singshih pulling together to strengthen S

51、hanghai's overall strength and economies of scale; Shantou port-Prospering City, vigorously develop the port industry, building sets transportation, storage, processing , logistics and distribution in one of the modern port city; Zhanjiang is actively implementing "port Prospering City, Gon

52、gyejiangfu" strategy; Shenzhen earlier than in previous years has begun to implement its ambitious port Singshih strategies; Fujian Province, Xiamen, Zhangzhou , Putian, Ningde and other cities have warned about "port Singshih" strategy. At present, the port has become China's ope

53、ning up doors and windows. China's opening of the port more than 140, has more than 50 countries have signed shipping agreements, nearly a hundred homes have been more than 30 countries outside the shipping container allowed to open Chinese ports liner routes. By 2010,2020 and long-term port dev

54、elopment planning, Yangtze River Delta, Bohai Sea, south and southeast coast, south-west coast of the port of supply four regional economic integration, accelerate the Shanghai International Shipping Center, 20 hub port development to raise berths the level of large-scale and specialization, increas

55、e Eguchi and so deep, outbound channel depth, led the heart of the port into an international logistics hub. 32我国港口物流发展中的问题 530近年来，我国的港口物流虽已取得了长足的进步，但仍有许多方面还处于传统物流状态，无论是在物流意识上还是在物流硬件设施上，与国外先进的现代物流相比还存在较大的差距。中国港口含金量不高，在对地区发展和国民经济的促进作用上，与发达国家港口间存在较大差距，其中最为突出的表现是港口物流发展的滞后，国际化、市场化、现代化程度低，对经济社会

56、发展的适应度不足，结构性矛盾突出。321港口物流基础设施薄弱、港口装备参差不齐。近年来建设的港口，如矿石中转港北仑港区、煤炭装船港秦皇岛和石臼港及大连、天津、青岛、上海、黄埔港的集装箱码头等，相当于发达国家八十年代的水平，大连、青岛等港的原油装船码头等的港区装备水平仅相当于发达国家六、七十年代的水平。港口物流设施和装备的标准化程度较低，各种运输方式之间装备标准不统一。322港口结构性矛盾较为突出，港口码头泊位少特别是大型专业化深水泊位更少集疏运条件差中转储存能力低。港口航道水深不适应船舶大型化的发展要求，老港区与城市发展的矛盾日益突出，新港区开发建设任务繁重。323政企不分的现象依然存在，不利

57、于港口物流业的建设和发展。我国港口的管理体制仍存在“政企合一”的现象，使港口企业无法按现代企业制度的要求自主决策、自主经营，致使与港口关联的临港工业、商贸业、运输业、港口服务业以及现代物流得不到相应发展，港口功能结构不合理，且较为单一。324物流联盟程度低，港口物流的信息系统利用率不高。各港口物流业基本上处在无序竞争状态，码头前方装卸与后方仓储、运输不协调。尤其是后方仓储，运输业规模小，多数仍为粗放式经营，物流信息管理和技术手段较为落后。325物流标准化水平低。我国物流标准化建设还只是处于起步阶段，还存在着方方面面的问题。比如，各类运输方式间装备标准不一致、物流器具标准不配套、信息技术不能实现

58、自动无缝衔接与处理、物流标准的应用推广难等问题，这些都限制了我国港口物流的发展，降低了物流效率。326港口物流的专业人才匮乏。港口物流的专业人才极其匮乏，而且普遍缺乏现代物流意识，这同时导致了专业化物流服务方式有限，物流企业的经营管理水平善待提高。3.2 China's Port Logistics Development Problems In recent years, China's port logistics Although considerable progress made, but th Shijiu Hong Kong and Dalian, Ti

59、anjin, Qingdao, Shanghai, Huangpu port container terminal, equivalent to the level of developed countries, eighties, Dalian Qingdao Port crude oil loading terminal equipment in the port area equal to only six developed coun especially large set of specialized deep-water berths with fewer local acts

60、poor conditions with low storage capacity transit. Not suited to the ship channel depth of the port development requirements of large-scale, the old port and urban development of the contradictions have become increasingly prominen 论国外港口物流发展对我国的启示3652我国港口物流发展现状及港口物流存在的问题  随着人们对现代物流理论的

61、研究不断深人与成熟，发展中心城市的港口物流已经越来越引起物流学术界、产业界以及政府部门的高度重视，我国港口物流取得迅速发展。上海、大连、秦皇岛、天津、宁波、青岛、广州、深圳等港口货物吞吐量均超过亿吨，加上香港、高雄、我国亿吨大港口已占世界亿吨大港半数之多。与此同时，集装箱吞吐量成为我国港口经济的最大亮点，香港、上海、深圳港均位列世界集装箱港口前列。当前，国内港口拓展物流服务的主要方式是在码头建设物流园区或物流中心，港口提供装卸、仓储等服务。如上海港、大连港、汕头港、天津港等都已建设港口物流园区。但从目前港口物流发展整体现状来看，我国的港口物流还基本上处在传统物流状态，与国外先进的现代物流相比还

62、存在较大的差距。主要表现在: (1)港口物流基础设施薄弱，特别是集疏运配套设施建设不能充分适应现代物流发展的需要。(2)物流规模普遍较小，辐射范围狭窄。港口物流与相关的海运、铁路、公路等大型物流企业联系不紧密，缺乏长期、紧密的伙伴关系。 (3)我国港口企业的信息化投入不多，系统利用率不高，难以满足客户需求。 (4)物流管理专业人才缺乏。决策层、管理层对现代物流的认知程度有待进一步提高。 (5)大多数港口在物流建设上缺乏科学、长远的发展战略与远景规划，有的港口发展战略与规划脱离了自身实际，可操作性差。   2 Development of China's port logistics and port logistics problems                &