2011中考完型解题技巧

1、2011中考完型专训Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage.完形填空技巧点拨中考要求中考完形填空是一种立意新、要求高的综合语言测试题,它既考查学生的语法、词法、句法、习惯用法等英语基础知识的综合运用能力，又考查学生对短文的阅读和理解能力。这种题型具体说来，是从语篇角度综合测试考生的阅读理解能力、词汇的掌握和对英语习惯用语的熟悉程度、语法规则的灵活运用能力，以及对语篇理解的连贯性与准确性。所以有人称完型填空为“障碍性阅读理解” 是有道理的。命题趋势1. 取材广泛纵观全国各地完形题材，故事类选材仍居首位，占47.4%；其他完

2、形题材还包括青少年生活类（17.5%）、文化类（8.7%）和科普类说明文（8.7%），说明文呈上升趋势。下面我们以上海市中考完形为例，看看近几年完形题材、体裁以及词数的变化。06年讲述的是新型房屋建设，07年从四个方面讲述英国的青少年，09年讲述青少年与父母之间的差异性，10年讲述交通事故。由此可见，上海中考考题体裁多为夹叙夹议的议论文居多，题材涉及广泛，贴近生活，语言地道、简练，篇幅在300-400字，有逐年增加的趋势。完形填空，一般没有标题，首句一般不设空，是向考生提供时间、地点、人物、事件、论点等有用的信息，是了解全文的“窗口”，是考生进行推断的基础和起点。2. 重点考查篇章语意，即以意

3、义选择为主，语法填空为辅完形填空试题要求考生根据文章的整体内容，分层次的结构和内容的逻辑关系，去选择符合文章情节的答案。这就决定着试题考查必须以情景意义选择为主。在历年中考英语完形填空中，完全根据语法知识进行选择的很少。有的小题，既有语法排除的内容，也有意义选择的内容。3. 词组和短语填空近5年的中考英语完形填空试题词组或短语的整体填空数量呈上升趋势，这就要求我们学生平时多注重积累词组，尤其是词组的搭配。4. 考查实词为主，虚词为辅解题方法：1. 读懂首句，明确背景一般来说，完形填空题的首句是不留空缺的，而且第一句往往是文章的主题句(Topic Sentence)，或是含有主题词的句子。其主要

4、目的是使学生对文章的整体掌握提供一个起点。因此迅速读懂首句，能够帮助弄懂全文章的背景和主题，抓准文章思路的起点，找到解题的突破口。这里，首先我们要知道英文的主题句的特点。一个有效的主题句应该有以下两个标准：1）Topic：主题或议题。明确指示段落的内容，起到限定主题范围的作用。2）Opinion：反映作者对待主题的观点、印象、态度，起到限定段落基调的作用。知道了英文主题句的特点之后，我们在阅读完型填空文章的第一句话时，就不应该只是读懂其字面中文意思，而是要透过首句来预测文章的中心内容，为接下来做题把准方向。比如看这一篇高考完形的首句：Sometimes you may not understa

5、nd your parents. One minute theyre friendly, the next minute theyre shouting and screaming loudly enough for the whole street to hear. So who makes them so 85 ? You, probably! （上海09真题） 这就是一句非常有效的主题句。据此，我们可以大胆地预测文章的主题是讨论“家长”与“you(指青少年)”的关系。作者的态度通过“You, probably!”就可以知道。实际上，该篇文章的确是围绕青少年朋友们在家里的一些做法来叙述这两

6、者之间的关系的。2. 通读全文，掌握大意 从完形填空的考查宗旨来看，它是从整体的角度来考查学生的逻辑思维能力，也就是说，首先从整体上感知全文，只有具备了这个整体的概念，才可能去进行逻辑思维。这就要求首先弄懂文章的大意，对文章的体裁、题材、内容、结构、情节发展前因后果有一个大概的了解。由于文章留出一定的空缺，读起来就很费力。选用的方法是“跳读法”和“猜读法”。抓住文章的名词和动词，力求在自己头脑中形成一个整体，即这篇文章的整体框架，一遍不能看懂，可以看二遍，对空缺处的含义作倾向性的猜测。即：直接猜测大概是什么词，为下一步来选择正确的词打下一定的基础。仔细阅读时：完形填空重点考查考生正确处理局部与

7、整体的能力。一组供选择的答案中，从局部看，可能选择任何一个都正确，但从整体和作者要表达的情感、态度、语气看只有一个最贴切。这就要求考生要仔细阅读，从文章的整体，内在的联系完成答案的推断选择。通常采用这种方法： 1) 根据上下文的情景确定“意义”上正确的词利用上下文信息，选择或填写正确的词是完型填空解题最常用的方法之一。在做四选一的完型填空时，有些选项的答案从语法角度来讲都可以说得通，遇到这种情况，我们应该细读上下文，正确答案会在上下文中得到提示。经典例题1：What do I remember about my childhood? There were good things and bad

8、 things. We used to live_, and my parents always got up early in the morning to feed the cows and sheep. A. in a townB. on a farmC. on a busy streetD. in a city【解析】本段主要讲作者回忆儿童时代所居住的地点。从四个选项来看都是可能的，语法上都说得通。但通过下文my parents always got up early in the morning to feed the cows and sheep “我父母总是很早起来喂牛羊”,提示

9、我们作者生活在农村。正确答案是B。2）搭配判断法根据词的常用搭配和惯用搭配来判断选词的准确性。例如：英语中某些固定的短语，20个空中往往有1至2空是找固定搭配的，这就比较容易了。例如：Every day cars kill or hurt many people on roads. Sometimes the drivers drive too fast or do not drive carefully enough. Some of them _85_ the traffic rules and cause accident. (上海2010中考真题)A. make B. break C.

10、 follow D. remember【解析】这道题考的是词汇搭配，选项当中break和follow都是可以和traffic rules 搭配的， 那么接下来我们只要看上下文的意思就可以判断出B选项是正确的。3）利用逻辑关系解题利用逻辑关系是完型填空命题设计过程中用得较多的方法之一。解这类题目时需要我们多注意周围生活常识、行文的脉络及句子之间的转承关系。The English language has now become an international language because it is widely used by most counties in the world. _ y

11、ou want to do business with foreigners, you have to learn English, for most of them speak and write English.A. AsB. IfC. SoD. Since【解析】本段主要将是英语语言在世界上被广泛地运用，后面一句是举例说明。假如你想跟外国人做生意，你就必须学英文，因为他们大多数人讲英文。两句句子是论点和论据的关系，论据部分用了假设的条件关系。因此，在理清句子之间的脉络之后，很容易知道应选B。4）关系词判断法 完形填空所选的文章都是具有逻辑关系、意义相联的语篇，而词语的重复出现、同义词和反

12、义词的使用是重要的连句成篇的词汇纽带，因此，在行文中不可避免地会出现词语的复现、前后同义词、反义词相互照应等现象。 警示：考生在答题时，不要急于求成。而要充分利用上下文信息词，在继续阅读中寻找和斟酌答案。充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词或句，如and, but ,however等。这些词有时可能是同义词或反义词。例如：1) Some parts of the water are very shallow. But in some places it is very_.A. deep B. high C. cold D. dangerous【解析】根据转折连词but的提示，

13、所填入的词应与shallow浅相反，因此答案为A。2) Mrs. O Neill asked _ questions and she didnt scold us either.A. no B. certain C. many D. more【解析】and是一个并列连词；either为副词，用在否定句或否定词后加强语势，由此可以确定所填的词也应是一个否定意义的词，因此答案是A。5）利用语法和句型解题这类题目主要考查学生在一定语境中运用语法知识和识别句型的能力。由于学生对这类选项把握较大，因此这类题型的数量越来越少。经典例题1：The earth is our home. We must tak

14、e care of it. Life today is easier than it was _ years ago, but it has brought some new problems.A. hundredB. hundreds ofC. hundred ofD. hundreds【解析】答案是B。 此句考查的是数词的用法。表示具体几百时，应是“基数词+ hundred”；表示成百上千时，用 “hundreds of”.6）常识判断法有些完形填空题的选择项也包括一些常识的判断，考虑到参加中考的学生所具备的一定常识水平，利用这些基本常识来选项进行合理的判断。例如：Every mornin

15、g she would give him breakfast in bed and bring him the paper to .A. check B. read C. keep D. sign【解析】外国人早上有读报的习惯,其中paper即为报纸.这是理解本文细节的关键,有了这些文化背景知识,可迅速推断出正确答案为B再次复读全文时一般说来运用上述方法，能选出大部分的答案，在选择中遇有拿不准的答案也不能象完成任务一样硬填一个了事，这时应根据所剩的选项，并结合选出一选项(选出的选项最好用铅笔填入到相应的空白处，以便复读时提高复读速度增加语感)再次阅读起来是否流畅，一方面补全未选好的选项，另一方

16、面是审定已填好的选项，但是要注意不要轻易怀疑并推翻自己所作的第一次选择，遇到有疑问的地方要仔细斟酌反复推敲，这些问题往往也是考查的难点。在答完形填空时，需掌握和运用好排除法，因为考题难度大，一般选项不容易选出正确的出来，因此采用排除法是非常重要的。首先，排除不可能的选项，其次是不太可能的选项，那么所剩就是可能的选项，这也是一种解题法，但这种解题法有它的科学性，它是基于掌握了一定语言知识基础上猜测，不是盲目地乱猜。 要很好地完成完形填空题，单靠猜测碰运气是选不出正确答案来的，得靠平时勤奋学习，熟练地掌握各方面的知识，平时注重各种能力的培养。复读时重点关注：1. 时态语态，主谓语在上下文的中是否一

17、致2. 语法和习惯用法的搭配在上下文中是否逻辑上一致3. 段与段，句与句之间的衔接是否连贯4. 整体上检查结构、语义及逻辑是否一致，上下文的衔接是否合理1. 通览全文，了解大意 答题时，应先越过空档，通读全文，理顺题意，找出信息词。这是做好完形填空题的关键。因为完形填空的特点是着眼于整体理解。我们如果把短文比作环环相扣的链条，那么由于空格的设置，链条从第二句起有些地方就脱节了。有些同学习惯于提笔就填或边读边填，急于求成，然而，欲速则不达，结果往往由于只见树木不见森林而事倍功半。因此我们应该依据首句给的启示，通过逻辑思维，借助短文中关键词所提供的信息，越过空档，尽快把全文读完，建立语言的整体感，

18、帮助我们了解短文大意。通过通览全文、领会大意，概略地了解文章的体裁、背景、内容、结构层次、情节、写作风格等等。 2. 综合考虑，先易后难 通览全文后，认真观察选项，瞻前顾后，仔细推敲，逐项选定。经过通读全文，对短文有了整体印象。紧扣全文内容，联系上下文和语境，展开逻辑推理，注意从上下文中寻找线索，注意词汇的意义、搭配，惯用法，语法，常识等多个角度进行综合考虑。分析这一空格处在句中的地位，前后的关系和它所起的作用，确定最佳答案。当遇到难以判断的空档时，不妨先放一边，继续往下做。因为有些答案是必须通过下文的理解后才能作出断定的。有时，前后信息之间还有相互提示作用。因此，当我们遇到难题时，不能久久停

19、留于此，这样会浪费不必要的时间。 3. 复读检验，消除疏漏 完成所有空档后，还要再次通读全文，看看这时的短文行文是否流畅，意义是否连贯，逻辑关系是否合理。复查时，可从语法入手，检查一下句子的时态、主谓一致、代词的等是否正确。凡遇疑点，必须根据文章的中心思想，从意义、语法的角度来仔细权衡，加以改正，弥补疏漏。解题技巧决不是“万能钥匙”，更代替不了你应该具有的知识和能力。因此要熟练驾驭“完形填空”这一题必须做到： 1 应经常阅读些短小的文章。对各种体裁、题材、风格的文章都有所涉猎，以便培养语感和快速阅读能力。 2 应注意积累材料，对于一些常用的短语、句型、习惯用法和词组的固定搭配要熟练掌握。也要会

20、分析句子，能辨认各种简单句、并列句及复合句的结构。 3 平时要注意抓住语言难点、语法要点，用足够的精力去弄通练透，特别是容易混淆的地方，一定要引起注意。（1）（ 1）In 1999, a television company in Britain made a very popular programme called The 1900 House. They changed an ordinary house in a street in London so it was 96 a house from the year 1900. For example, it had no electr

21、icity, just gas for the lights and the kitchen. The toilet was outside in the garden, and all the furniture was from 1900 or before.侧重和1990年房子相同Then they found a family the Browns to live in the house for three months. 97 people in the family lived in the house: Paul and Joyce Brown, their daughters

22、, Kathryn, Ruth and Hilary and their son, Joe. For three months, while they were living in the house, they had to wear Victorian (维多利亚时代的) clothes and live like people 98 . For example, they didnt wash their hair with shampoo but with something else like lemon. They didnt have a washing machine so t

23、hey had to wash their clothes by hand, and they had to use the toilet outside in the garden. But the family didnt have to go shopping. 99 , the TV company did all their shopping for them. There were 100 inside the house to make videos录像;录像节目 of the familys everyday life, and the Browns talked on tel

24、evision about their experiences. Here are some of the things that Hilary said later about her time in the house:“Some things were 101 we had to find things to do in the evenings, because there was no television or computer, and we all had to work hard to clean the house and to cook our food. Since t

25、here werent enough rooms, my sister and I had to 102 a bedroom and a bed. It was fun and we didnt have to go to school every day, that was nice. But I dont want to do it 103 . I think Id like to live in the future, not the past!” 96. A) different fromB) larger thanC) the same asD) as convenient as97

26、. A) SixB) FiveC) FourD) Three98. A) in the futureB) at that timeC) not long agoD) of modern times99.A) In addition除.之外(还).此外B) HoweverC) Later on后来；稍后D) Instead100.A) radiosB) camerasC) TV setsD) telephones101.A) comfortableB) unluckyC) difficultD) exciting102.A) buildB) decorateC) buyD) share103.A

27、) againB) eitherC) at leastD) at all（2）All about Britains TeenagersSchoolBritish teenagers can leave school at sixteen after taking their GCSE即英国普通初级中学毕业文exams. They study for exams in as many as ten subjects, 85 they have to work pretty hard! Todays teens spend more time doing their homework than a

28、ny teenagers in the past, studying for 2.5 3 hours every evening.Free TimeIts not all work, of course. What do British teenagers do to have 86 ? They love watching TV, going out, meeting friends in Internet cafs and listening to music. CommunicationsIn addition to the Internet, teenagers in Britain

29、use their computers to play games and do their homework. They 87 love their mobile phones, and spend hours texting (发短信) their friends and chatting. Today, phones are getting smaller and lighter and you can do a lot more 88 them than just talk. Text messaging has become the coolest and most popular

30、way to communicate. More than 90% of 12- to 16-year-olds have a mobile, and experts say that this stops 89 from spending their money on sweets and cigarettes.Fashion (服饰)At school, almost all British teenagers have to wear a school uniform. However, in their free 90 they can wear whatever they like,

31、 and what they like is设计者designer names such as Nike, Diesel and Paul Smith. In fact, 40% of British teens say that they think it is important to have the latest fashion. Looking good doesnt come 廉价，容易91 , but many teenagers think it usual or easy to spend more than 100 on one item of clothing. 85.A

32、) butB) orC) soD) because86.A) lessonsB) sportsC) adviceD) fun87. A) neverB) alreadyC) alsoD) no longer88.A) withB) for C) at D) in89.A) teachers B) relatives C) friends D) teenagers90. A) dayB) timeC) weekD) month91. A) cheapB) expensiveC) specialD) ordinary( 3 ) Sometimes you may not understand yo

33、ur parents. One minute theyre friendly, the next minute theyre shouting and screaming loudly enough for the whole street to hear. So who makes them so _85_? You, probably!Is your room untidy? Do you leave things on the floor? You may fond it hard enough to keep one room tidy. So imagine what its lik

34、e for your mum and dad trying to keep a whole house in order.When you take your clothes off, remember to _86_. Get into the habit of taking glasses and plates down to the kitchen. Before long youll be doing it without thinking.Even though you may not realize it, you have bought many clothes. But the

35、yre not buying themselves new things every week, are they? The simple truth is that there are more _87_ things to spend money on, like the electricity bill and food.You may hate missing a party to visit some boring old relatives. They may go on and on about what a sweet baby you were. You have no ch

36、oice but to listen. Even if you _88_, your parents wont change their minds. Parents like to show off their family. The best thing you can do is to help entertain使欢乐your relatives. Your parents will be so pleased with you afterwards that theyre probably allow you to go to the next two _89_.You might

37、not want to eat, but think of it from the parents point of view. If you cook two meals a day, it means 730 meals a year. Can you imagine how boring this can get? Imagine how your parents feel when you say youre not really hungry. _90_, your parents are probably worried that you arent eating enough.两

38、句话是并列关系Eat fewer snacks and leave room for your meals. Finally, offer to _91_ after the meal. Your offer may not be accepted, but your parents will be pleased. 85. A) friendlyB) lonelyC) changeableD) comfortable86. A) hang them up常识题，当我们脱下衣服，我们就应该把他们挂起来。B) leave them aloneC) put them onD) throw them

39、 away87. A) interestingB) difficultC) importantD) surprising88. A) agreeB) complainC) listenD) win根据上下文推断题，本段的中心句在于“Parents like to show off their family”而文章的中心在于青少年跟家长的观念不同，所以一定选择一个消极态度的选项，所以是B89. A) concertsB) meetingsC) classesD) parties90. A) In additionB) In returnC) At mostD) At last91. A) do

40、the cookingB) lay the tableC) buy some snacksD) wash the dishes ( 4 ) Every day cars kill or hurt many people on roads.Sometimes the drivers drive too fast or do not,drive carefully enough.Some of them_85_the traffic rules and cause accidents.According to some researches,it is usually the pedestrian

41、s（行人）who cause the accidents.A lot of road users are very careless.They walk or run across the roads _86_the cars.They walk in the roads but not on the walkways.They get into or out of cars in the middle of the road.Some do not有些行人觉得等绿灯很麻烦，在红灯的时候就过马路了。take the trouble to_87_the green lights and simp

42、ly cross the roads against the red lights.中心Many people think accidents often happen in busy roads in large cities,but this is not always true._88_.Tokyo is one of the worlds largest cities and probably one of the busiest cities;however ,there are _89_accidents to pedestrians.The reason is that the

43、police there are very strict and the pedestrians are very careful.Pedestrians never cross against a red light and they _90_follow traffic rules.Do you know alcohol（酒精）is another main cause of traffic accidents?It delays peoples response.Those who have drunk alcohol are _91_in making decisions.They n

44、eed a few more seconds to react（反应）.Alcohol drinking is especially dangerous for motor car drivers.It is not only drivers who may have accidents after drinking.drunken pedestrians may put their lives in danger as well.85.A.makeB.breakC.followD.remember86.A.at the end ofB.in the centre ofC.on top ofD

45、.in front of87.A.turn onB.worry aboutC.wait forD.point out88.A.In additionB.For exampleC.By the wayD.On the other hand89.A.fewB.manyC.enoughD.some90.A.evenB.neverC.almostD.always91.A.slowB.activeC.interested D.excited。90. 逻辑关系题，喝了酒的人在反应上一定是相当迟缓的，所以选择A( 5 ) Choose the words or expressions and complet

46、e the passage (选择最恰当的单词或词语完成短文): Are you nervous? Maybe you should sit in a blue room. Are you always cold? Maybe you should sit in a room painted in a “warm color” such as soft orange. Are you often sad? Maybe you should sit in a yellow room. Some researchers believe that color has the _1_ to influ

47、ence (影响) our feelings. They believe that colors affect everyone in the same way.One study was in a workplace. The researchers _2_ heavy boxes white and light boxes black. They wanted to see how color affected the workers feelings. Which boxes do you think were more difficult to lift? The heavy whit

48、e ones? No. The white boxes were heavier but they looked light. The researchers think that this is because light colors seem_3_.Another study was _4_. Researchers at the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Canada, studied children with behavior problems in their classroom. When the walls were brown a

49、nd yellow, the childrens heart rate _5_ and they were over-active. _6_ when the walls were light and dark blue, the childrens heart rate was slower and the children were much calmer.If this is true, we might think carefully _7_ the colors around them not just in our homes, but also in offices, in sc

50、hools, in hospitals, in gyms, in museums, in restaurants and even in prisons.1. A) power能力,本领B) charge费用,C) energyD) force2. A) drewB) gaveC) paintedD) put3. A) lightB) heavyC) beautifulD) ugly4. A) in a restaurantB) in a museumC) in a prisonD) at a school5. A) went onB) went overC) went upD) went out6. A) SoB) HoweverC)