科学技术类完形阅读综合练习

1、科学技术类完形阅读【2012江苏卷】阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。The concept of solitude (独处) in the digital world is almost non-existent. In the world of digital technology, e-mail, social networking and online video games, information is meant to be 36 . Solitude can be hard to discover

2、 37 it has been given up. In this respect, new technologies have 38 our culture.The desire to be connected has brought solitude to a ( n) 39 as we've known it. People have become so 40 in the world of networks and connections that one can often be contacted 41 they'd rather not be. Today we

3、can talk, text, e-mail, chat and blog(写博客), not only from our 42 but from our mobile phones as well.Most developed nations have become 43 on digital technology simply because they've grown accustomed to it, and at this point not 44 it would make them an outsider. 45 , many jobs and careers requi

4、re people to be 46 . From this point of view, technology has changed the culture of work. Being reachable might feel like a 47 to those who may not want to be able to be contacted at all times.I suppose the positive side is that solitude is still possible for anyone who 48 wants it. Computers can be

5、 shut 49 and mobile phones can be turned off. The ability to be "connected" and "on" has many 50 , as well as disadvantages. Travelers have ended up 51 on mountains, and mobile phones have saved countless lives. They can also make people feel 52 and forced to answer unwanted call

6、s or 53 to unwanted texts.Attitudes towards our connectedness as a society 54 across generations. Some find today's technology a gift. Others consider it a curse. Regardless of anyone's view on the subject, it's hard to imagine what life would be like 55 daily advancements in technology.

7、36.A. updatedB. receivedC. sharedD. collected37.A. thoughB. untilC. onceD. before38.A. respected B. shaped C. ignoredD. preserved39.A. edge B. stage C. endD. balance40. A. sensitiveB.intelligentC. considerateD. reachable41. A. even if B. only ifC. as ifD. if only42.A.mediaB.computesC. databasesD. mo

8、nitors43.A.bentB.hardC. keenD. dependent43. A. bent B. hard C. keenD. dependent44. A. findingB. using C. protectingD. changing45. A. Also B. Instead C. Otherwise D. Somehow46. A. connected B. trained C. recommended D. interested47. A. pleasure B. benefit C. burdenD. disappointment48.A. slightlyB. ha

9、rdlyC. merelyD. really49.A. outB. downC. upD. in50.A. aspectsB. weaknessesC. advantagesD. exceptions51.A. hiddenB. lostC. relaxedD. deserted52.A. trappedB. excitcdC. confusedD. amused53.A. turnB. submitC. objectD. reply54.A. varyB. ariseC. spreadD. exist55.A. beyondB. withinC. despiteD. without【考点】科

10、技类议论文【文章大意】在现代社会中，由于数码技术的发展，我们独处的概念几乎不复存在。尽管人们对现代技术的发展持有不同的看法，但是技术的进步，我们的生活会完全不同。让我们尽情的享受生活。36【答案】C【考点】动词义辨析【试题解析】根据第一句话“The concept of solitude (独处) in the digital world is almost non-existent.“在数码时代里，独处的概念几乎是不存在的”可知，此处表示信息是被共享的。故选C项。【难度】一般37【答案】C【考点】连词词义辨析【试题解析】根据上下无奈语境，一旦被放弃孤独是很难发现的。once意为“一旦”，符合

11、语境。though意为“尽管”；until意为“直到”；before意为“在之前”。都不符合题意。【难度】一般38【答案】B【考点】动词词义辨析【试题解析】根据上下文，句意：在这方面，新技术塑造着我们的未来。respect意为“尊重”；shape意为“塑造，使成形”；ignore意为“忽视”；preserve意为“保护”。根据语境可知，应选B项。【难度】一般39【答案】C【考点】动词词义辨析【试题解析】根据本句中的connect（连接）可知，此处表示终止孤独。end意为“结束，终止”，符合语境。【难度】一般40【答案】D【考点】形容词词义辨析【试题解析】根据后半句“and connection

12、s that one can often be contacted 41 they'd rather not be.人们能够经常被联系”可知，在网络连接世界中，人们已经变得如此地可达到。reachable意为“可达到的，可获得的”，符合语境。【难度】一般41【答案】A【考点】连词词义辨析【试题解析】根据上下文，可推知， 在网络连接世界中，人们已经变得如此地可达到以致即使不愿意被联系，也可能经常被联系。根据语境可知，应选A项。even if意为“即使”；only if意为“只要”；as if意为“似乎”；if only意为“要是该多好”。【难度】一般42【答案】B【考点】名词词义辨析【试

13、题解析】根据上文中的network可知，交谈、发短信、法电子邮件等等应与电脑有关。故选B项。【难度】一般43【答案】D【考点】动词词义辨析【试题解析】根据后半句“theyve grown accustomed to it”可知，许多发达国家已经依赖于数码技术。dependent (on)意为“依靠的”，符合语境。bent (on)意为“决心的”；hard（on）意为“严厉的”；keen (on)意为“爱好，喜欢”。【难度】一般44【答案】B【考点】动词词义辨析【试题解析】根据前半句“Most developed nations have become 43 on digital technol

14、ogy simply because they've grown accustomed to it,”可知，此处意为：不使用它会让他们成为局外人。故选B项。【难度】一般45【答案】A【考点】副词词义辨析【试题解析】此处表示进一步陈述人们与新技术的联系。故选A项。【难度】一般46【答案】A【考点】动词词义辨析【试题解析】许多工作和职业需要人们被联系。根据上下文多次提到connect和contact可知，应选A项。【难度】一般47【答案】C【考点】名词词义辨析【试题解析】根据后半句“may not want to be able to be contacted at all times”可

15、知，经常被联系是一种负担。A项意为“愉悦”；benefit意为“利益”；disappointment意为“失望”，均与语境不符。故选C项。【难度】一般48【答案】D【考点】副词词义辨析【试题解析】独处对于真正想要独处的人来说仍然是可能的。slightly意为“稍微”；hardly意为“几乎不”；merely意为“仅仅”；really意为“真正地”。 really符合语境。【难度】一般49【答案】B【考点】动词短语词义辨析【试题解析】根据后半句中的“turn off”可知，此处应为意义一致的短语，shut down意为“关闭”，符合语境。shut out意为“关在外面，遮住”；shut up意为

16、“住口”；shut in意为“关进”。【难度】一般50【答案】C【考点】动词词义辨析【试题解析】根据disadvantages可知这句的句意，“除了劣势之外，还有很多优势”。故选C项。【难度】一般51【答案】B【考点】形容词词义辨析【试题解析】根据后半句“mobile phones have saved countless lives.”，可知此处指旅游者在山上迷路了。故选B项。【难度】一般52【答案】A【考点】形容词词义辨析【试题解析】根据本句中的“force和unwanted”可知，手机还使人们人感到困窘（trapped），被迫回答不必要的电话或者回复不必要的短信。excited意为“兴奋

17、的”；confused意为“混乱的，困惑的，糊涂的”；amused意为“愉快的”。【难度】一般53【答案】D【考点】动词短语词义辨析【试题解析】根据上一题的解析可知，此处为回复短信。turn to意为“转向；求助于”，submit to意为“提交；服从”；object to意为“反对”，均与语境不符。故选D项。【难度】一般54【答案】A【考点】动词词义辨析【试题解析】根据下文，说到人们对现在的技术的态度可知，态度在不同时代有所变化。vary意为“变化，改变”，符合语境。arise意为“出现”；spread意为“传播”；exist意为“存在”。【难度】一般55【答案】D【考点】介词词义辨析【试题

18、解析】根据上下文，句意：如果没有每日的技术进步，难以想象生活会是什么样。根据本句宾语从句中所用的虚拟语气可知，应选without，意为“没有”。beyond意为“超过，超越”；within意为“在之内”；despite意为“尽管”。【难度】一般【长难句分析】1. The desire to be connected has brought solitude to a ( n) 39 as we've known it.本句是as 引导的原因状语从句，主句中的主语to be connected动词不定式修饰the desire 为后置定语。2. People have become so

19、 40 in the world of networks and connections that one can often be contacted 41 they'd rather not be. 在网络连接世界中，人们已经变得如此地可达到以致即使不愿意被联系，也可能经常被联系。So that 引导的结果状语从句。3.Being reachable might feel like a 47 to those who may not want to be able to be contacted at all times.动名词做主语，后面who may not want to b

20、e able to be contacted at all times.是those的后置定语从句。4. I suppose the positive side is that solitude is still possible for anyone who 48 wants it.Suppose的宾语从句，在宾语从句中that 引导的表语从句。5. Regardless of anyone's view on the subject, it's hard to imagine what life would be like 55 daily advancements in

21、technology. 尽管在这个问题观点不同。如果没有每日的技术进步，难以想象生活会是什么样。Regardless of 引导的让步状语从句。后面主句中是imagine的宾语从句，what 为连词。高考英语命题与应对：科普类阅读【背景介绍】科普小品是高考英语阅读理解的重要内容,也是高考阅读理解题的考查难点。科普小品阅读材料着重向读者介绍科学新发明、新创造,介绍生产新工艺、制造新方法,让读者了解科学知识,从而努力拼搏学好科学知识,并用所学科学知识为人民服务。因科普小品向读者介绍新的发明创造和工艺流程,读者对其缺乏相应了解,因此理解难度较大。同时科普说明文有很多解释性、定义性、说明性长句,句子结

22、构特别复杂,往往出现多种从句重叠的现象,因此,阅读科技说明文时同学们一定要保持头脑冷静,切勿急躁,始终以平静的心态阅读原文。阅读时应认真分析长句句子结构和逻辑关系,这样才能对其做出准确理解。相信只要同学们认真地阅读、审题,是一定能够读懂科普说明文并正确解题的。【命题趋势】 阅读理解题主要考查考生对书面语篇的整体领悟能力和接受及处理具体信息的能力。试题的取材，密切联系当前我国和世界经济、科技等方面的变化，有关数据的来源真实可信。因此科普知识类文章是每年的必考题。分析历年的科普类文章我们不难发现以下特点： 1.文章逻辑性强，条理清楚，语法结构简单，用语通俗。 2.文章内容注重科技领域的新发现。内容

23、新颖，从而使文章显得陌生，内容抽象复杂。 3.命题方面注意对具体细节的准确理解和以之为依据的推理判断。 4.以人们的日常行为或饮食健康入手，探讨利弊，诠释过程，阐述概念。 【应试对策】 许多考生在考试时感到困惑的是：为什么一些没有超越中学语法和词汇范围的篇章，读起来却不能正确理解，或者要花费很多时间才能读懂呢？这种现象的产生与阅读方法有很大的关系。例如，有的考生在考试时一见到文章就立刻开始读，结果读了半天，还不知道短文讲的是什么，试题要求了些什么，结果浪费了大量的时间，而阅读效果并不好。那么，怎样读效果才好呢？任何一种阅读方法或技巧的使用，都是由篇章特点和试题本身的要求决定的，应根据不同的体裁

24、和试题要求采取不同的策略。 1.浏览。 浏览的主要目的就是确定文章的体裁。如果文章属于人物传记、记叙文、故事、科普小品和有关社会文化、文史知识的文章，一般来说，应该先看看文章的试题考查内容，对题目类型做到心中有数，针对不同问题，在通读时有粗有细地去阅读，这样不仅能把握篇章的基本结构和逻辑线索，也能做好有关具体事实信息考查的试题。 2.挖掘寓意，掌握中心思想，推出结论。 任何文章，作者在行文时都有一定的写作目的和主要话题。在通读篇章时应该吃透作者的写作意图，抓住文章的主题句，充分发挥自己的想象力和概括力，作出对中心思想的归纳和结论的推断。 3.把握篇章结构，利用上下文进行推测。 高考中的阅读理解

25、篇章往往是一个较完整的短文，其结构、思想，前后上下连贯统一。考试时应充分利用这一特点推测一些生词、短语在句中的含义，切莫盲目孤立猜测。 4.综观全篇，前后呼应。 这是阅读理解的最后一步，在做完阅读理解题后，要立足于文章整体，再迅速读一遍短文，短文中的问题和答案的设置前后都是相关联的，有着一定的连续性，体现着文章的基本脉络。【常见题型分析与解题指导】 (一) 生词词义判断题科普说明文介绍科学发明创造和先进工艺流程,常出现一些反映现代科技的生词,因此,出现生词词义判断题是理所当然的。这些试题常以科学新发明、新创造、工艺新流程为题点命制试题,这种试题常以What does the underline

26、d word mean?或What is the meaning of the underlined word?为设问方式考查对生词词义的判断。应对方法: 解题时一定要认真阅读原文,分析原文对该科学新发明、新创造、工艺新流程是如何解释、如何定义的,在此基础上抽象概括出生词词义。(二) 代词指代判断题科技说明文在对科学新发明、新创造、工艺新流程进行解释时,易出现动作变换多,人称转换频的现象,因此,经常出现代词指代判断题,这些试题常以it, they, them等表示物的代词为命题题点,其解题方法与推理故事阅读理解代词指代判断题解题方法相似。应对方法:解题时应认真分析动作转换背景,区分动作不同执行

27、者,从而准确判断代词的正确指代。(三) 科学方法图示判断题科普说明文常出现科学方法图示判断题,这种试题或以工艺流程为命题题点,要求同学们判断正确的流程顺序,或以生产方法为命题题点,要求同学们判断正确的生产方法; 或以机械配制为命题题点,要求同学们判断正确的机械配制。应对方法:解题时一定要认真阅读分析原文对科学发明创造诞生过程的介绍和工艺流程过程的介绍,并且边读边画简易草图帮助自己理解,思考备选答案时应对照原文介绍情况,找出各图不同之处,最终做出正确判断。(四) 数字运算判断题这种试题常要求考生判断某种发明创造被使用时所能达到的高度、深度和宽度及生产某种新产品的数量。应对方法: 解题时应认真阅读

28、分析原文,寻找相应运算公式或运算规律。(五) 发明创造影响判断题这种试题常以What is the greatest influence of the new invention?或What is the best effect of the new invention?或What is the most important result of the new invention?为设问方式考查对发明创造影响的判断。应对方法:解题时应寻找原文对科学发明创造效果介绍内容,从众多效果中找出最佳效果。(六) 新产品使用方法判断题科学的发明创造都应推广使用才能转化为生产力,因此,科普说明阅读理解材料常

29、出现产品使用方法判断题,这些试题常以What is the correct way to use the new invention?或How can you use the new product?或What should we do to use the new product?为设问方式考查对新产品使用方法的判断。应对方法:解题时应认真阅读原文介绍新产品使用方法的注意点,从而找到新产品正确的使用方法。链接3 （2012安徽卷）Welcome to your future life!You get up in the morning and look into the mirror. Yo

30、ur face is firm and young-looking. In 2035, medical technology is better than ever. Many people your age could live to be 150,so at 40, youre not old at all. And your parents just had an anti-aging(抗衰老的) treatment. Now, all three of look the same age !You say to your shirt , ”Turn red.” It changes f

31、rom blue to red. In 2035, “smart clothes” contain particles(粒子) much smaller than the cells in your body. The particles can be programmed to change clothes color or pattern.You walk into the kitchen . You pick up the milk ,but a voice says ,” You shouldnt drink that!” Your fridge has read the chip (

32、芯片) that contains information about the milk , and it Knows the milk is old . In 2035, every article of food in the grocery store has such a chip .Its time to go to work . In 2035, cars drive themselves. Just tell your “smart car” where to go. On the way , you can call a friend using your jacket sle

33、eve . Such “smart technology” is all around you.75.What is the text mainly about?A. Food and clothing in 2035.B. Future technology in everyday life.C. Medical treatments of the future.D. The reason for the success of new technology.【考点】科幻类说明文【文章大意】。本文讲的是对未来的生活吃，穿，住，工作等的描述。72.【答案】D【试题解析】文章的第二段“The pa

34、rticles can be programmed to change clothes color or pattern.”可知答案。【难度】一般73.【答案】C【试题解析】段落大意题。根据文章第四段所讲的，当到厨房的时候，牛奶过期了，会有电子信息告诉你不能吃了。故选C项。【难度】一般74.【答案】D【试题解析】根据“Its time to go to work . In 2035, cars drive themselves. Just tell your “smart car” where to go.”可知D项正确。【难度】一般75.【答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“For

35、 new technology to succeed,”和后面的the internet 可知下一段将要讲的是科技。故选B项。【难度】一般2010·山东 Batteries can power anything from small sensors to large systems.While scientists are finding ways to make them smaller but even more powerful，problems can arise when these batteries are much larger and heavier than th

36、e devices themselves.University of Missouri(MU)researchers are developing a nuclear energy source that is smaller，lighter and more efficient. “To provide enough power，we need certain methods with high energy density (密度)，”said Jae Kwon，assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering at MU

37、.“The radioisotope (放射性同位素)battery can provide power density that is much higher than chemical batteries.” Kwon and his research team have been working on building a small nuclear battery，presently the size and thickness of a penny，intended to power various micro/nanoelectromechanical systems(M/NEMS

38、)Although nuclear batteries can cause concerns，Kwon said they are safe. “People hear the word nuclearand think of something very dangerous，”he said.“However，nuclear power sources have already been safely powering a variety of devices，such as pacemakers，space satellites and underwater systems.” His n

39、ew idea is not only in the batterys size，but also in its semiconductor(半导体)Kwons battery uses a liquid semiconductor rather than a solid semiconductor. “The key part of using a radioactive battery is that when you harvest the energy，part of the radiation energy can damage the lattice structure(晶格结构)

40、 of the solid semiconductor，”Kwon said.“By using a liquid semiconductor，we believe we can minimize that problem.”Together with J. David Robertson，chemistry professor and associate director of the MU Research Reactor，Kwon is working to build and test the battery.In the future，they hope to increase th

41、e batterys power，shrink its size and try with various other materials.Kwon said that the battery could be thinner than the thickness of human hair.()1. Which of the following is true of Jae Kwon? A. He teaches chemistry at MU. B. He developed a chemical battery. C. He is working on a nuclear energy

42、source. D. He made a breakthrough in computer engineering. ()2. Jae Kwon gave examples in Paragraph 4_. A. to show chemical batteries are widely applied B. to indicate nuclear batteries can be safely used C. to describe a nuclearpowered system D. to introduce various energy sources ()3. Liquid semic

43、onductor is used to_. A. get rid of the radioactive waste B. test the power of nuclear batteries C. decrease the size of nuclear batteries D. reduce the damage to lattice structure ()4. According to Jae Kwon，his nuclear battery _. A. uses a solid semiconductor B. will soon replace the present ones C

44、. could be extremely thin D. has passed the final test()5. The text is most probably a _. A. science news report B. book review C. newspaper ad D. science fiction story答案：CBDCA (09·重庆E篇)A recent study, while showing a generally positive attitude toward science, also suggests a widespread worry

45、that it may be “running out of control”, This idea is dangerous.Science can be a force for evil as well as for good. Its applications can be channeled either way, depending on our decisions. The decisions we make, personally or collectively, will determine the outcomes of science. But here is a real

46、 danger. Science is advancing so fast and is so strongly influenced by businesses that we are likely to believe whatever decisions we come to will make little difference. And, rather than fighting for the best possible policies, we may step back and do nothing.Some people go even further. They say t

47、hat despite the moral and legal objections(反对), whatever is scientifically possible will be done-somewhere , sometime. They believe that science will get out of control in the end. This belief is dangerous too, because it fuels a sense of hopelessness and discourages then from making efforts to buil

48、d a safer world.In our interconnected world, the lack of agreement in and out of the world of science can lead to the failure to control the use of science. Without a common understanding, the challenges of “controlling” science in this century will be really tough. Take human cloning for example. D

49、espite the general agreement among scientists on its possible huge impact(影响) on traditional moral values, some countries still go ahead with the research and development of its related techniques. The outcomes are hard to predict.Therefore, discussions on how science is applied should be extended f

50、ar beyond scientific societies. Only through the untied efforts of people with hope, can we be fully safe against the misuse of science and can science best serve mankind in the future.72. What can we conclude from the recent study?A. People think highly of science.B. People hold mixed opinions abou

51、t science.C. Science is getting dangerously out of control.D. Science is used for both good and bad purposes.73. According to the passage , what will happen if we hold that science is getting beyond control?A. The development of science will hopelessly slow down.B. Businesses will have even greater

52、influence on science.C. The public will lose faith in bringing about a bright future.D. People will work more actively to put science under control.74. The discussion should reach beyond scientific societies because_A. scientists have failed to predict the outcomesB. the ties between different areas

53、 need strengtheningC. united efforts are necessary for the development of scienceD. people need to work together to prevent the bad use of science75. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Science and its applications bring us many dangers.B. The development of science mostly lies in people's a

54、ttitudes.C. Mankind can largely take control of science with their efforts.D. The future of science will be influenced by the dangerous ideas.答案 72.B 73.C 74.D 75.B(09·湖南D篇)Andrew Ritchie, inventor of the Brompton folding bicycle, once said that the perfect portable bike would be “like a magic

55、carpetYou could fold it up and put it into your pocket or handbag”. Then he paused: “But youll always be limited by the size of the wheels. And so far no one has invented a folding wheel.”It was a rare indeed unique occasion when I was able to put Ritchie right. A 19th-century inventor, William Henr

56、y James Grout, did in fact design a folding wheel. His bike, predictably named the Grout Portable, had a frame that split into two and a larger wheel that could be separated into four pieces. All the bits fitted into Grouts Wonderful Bag, a leather case.Grouts aim: to solve the problems of carrying a bike on a train. Now doesnt that sound familiar? Grout intended to find a way of making a bike small enough for train travel: his bike was a huge beast. And importantly, the design of early bicycles gave him an advantage: in Grouts day, tyres we