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1、小学英语语法及习题一、名词复数规则 1一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4
2、以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives 5不规则名词复数: man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, child-children, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice ,foot-feet, tooth-teeth,fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japane
3、se 写出下列各词的复数 I _him _this _her _sand_watch _child _photo _diary _day_ foot_ book_ dress _tooth_ man_sheep _box_ thief _ peach_ wich _ woman_ paper_
4、160; juice_ water_milk_ rice_ tea_ strawberry _二、一般现在时 (一)一般现在时基本用法介绍 1、表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如:The sky is blue. 天空是蓝色的。2、表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如:I get up at six every day. 我每天六点起床。 3、表示客观现实。如:The
5、earth goes around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。 (二)一般现在时的构成 1、 be动词:主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如:I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。 2、行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。如:We study English. 我们学习英语。 当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it)时,要在动词后加"-s&qu
6、ot;或"-es"。如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。 (三)一般现在时的变化 1、 be动词的变化。 否定句:主语+ be + not +其它。如:He is not a worker.他不是工人。 一般疑问句:Be +主语+其它。如:-Are you a st
7、udent? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not. 特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:Where is my bike? 2、行为动词的变化。 否定句:主语+ don't( doesn't ) +动词原形(+其它)。如:I don't like bread. 当主语为
8、第三人称单数时,要用doesn't构成否定句。如:He doesn't often play. 一般疑问句:Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。如: Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
9、;当主语为第三人称单数时,要用does构成一般疑问句。如:Does she go to work by bike? Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't. 4 、特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:How does your father go to work?
10、0; 5、动词+s的变化规则(1)一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks (2)以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes (3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies (四)一般现在时用法专练: 1、写出下列动词的第三人称单数 drink _
11、 go _ stay _ make _look _ have_ pass_ carry _ come_ watch_ plant_ fly _ study_ brush_ do_ teach_ dr
12、ink_start_ 2、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. He often _(have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One. 3. We _(not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick _(not go) to
13、60;the zoo on Sunday. 5. _ they _(like) the World Cup? 6. What _they often _(do) on Saturdays? 7. _ your parents _(read) newspapers every day? 8. The girl
14、_(teach) us English on Sundays. 9. She and I _(take) a walk together every evening. 10. There _(be) some water in the bottle. 11. Mike _(like) cooking. 12. They
15、 _(have) the same hobby. 13. My aunt _(look) after her baby carefully. 14. You always _(do) your homework well. 15. I _(be) ill. Im staying in bed. 16. She
16、 _(go) to school from Monday to Friday. 17. Liu Tao _(do) not like PE. 18. The child often _(watch) TV in the evening. 19. Su Hai and Su Yang _(have)&
17、#160;eight lessons this term. 20. What day _(be) it today? Its Saturday. 3、改错(划出错误的地方,将正确的写在横线上) 1. Is your brother speak English? _
18、2. Does he likes going fishing? _ 3. He likes play games after class. _4. Mr. Wu teach us&
19、#160;English. _ 5. She dont do her homework on Sundays. _ 三、现在进行时 (一)现在进行时基本用法介绍 1、现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。 2、现在进行时的肯
20、定句基本结构为be+动词ing. 如: I am watching TV. 3、现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。如: I am not watching TV. 4、现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。如: Are you watching TV ? 5现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为:疑问词 + be + 主语 + 动词ing? W
21、hat are you doing? 但疑问词当主语时其结构为:疑问词 + be + 动词ing? 如: Who is singing there? (二)动词加ing的变化规则 1一般情况下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking 2以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing,如:make-making, taste-tasting 3如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing,如:停止
22、;stop-stopping 游泳swim swimming 坐下sit sitting 逐渐变成get getting 跑run running 放下Put- putting (三)现在进行时专项练习: 1、写出下列动词的现在分词: play_ run_ swim _make _go_ like_ write_ ski_ read_
23、 have_ sing _ dance _put_ see_ buy _ love_ live_ take_ come _ get _stop_ sit _ 2、用所给的动词的正确形式填空: 1.The boy _ ( draw)a picture
24、160;now. 2. Listen .Some girls _ ( sing)in the classroom . 3. My mother _ ( cook )some nice food now.4. What _ you _ ( do ) now? 5.
25、 Look . They _( have) an English lesson .6.They _(not ,water) the flowers now. 7.Look! the girls _(dance )in the classroom . 8.What is our granddaughter doing?
26、She _(listen ) to music. 9. Its 5 oclock now. We _(have)supper now 10._Helen_(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is . 四、将来时一、概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语:tomorrow, next day(
27、week, month, year),soon, the day after tomorrow(后天)等。 二、基本结构:be going to + 动词原形; will + 动词原形. 三、否定句:在be动词(am, is, are)后加not或情态动词will后加not成wont。 如:Im going to have a pi
28、cnic this afternoon. Im not going to have a picnic this afternoon. 四、一般疑问句: be或will提到句首,some改为any, and改为or,第一二人称互换。如:We are going to go on an outing this weekend. Are yo
29、u going to go on an outing this weekend? 五、同义句:be going to = will I am going to go swimming tomorrow. = I will go swimming tomorrow. 练习:1、填空。 1.我打算明天和朋友去野
30、炊。 I_ _ _ have a picnic with my friends. I _ have a picnic with my friends. 2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。 What _ _ _ _next Monday? I _ _ _ play
31、160; basketball. What _ you do next Monday? I _ play basketball. 3. 你妈妈这个周末去购物吗?是,她要去买一些水果。 _ your mother _ _go shopping this _? Yes, she _. She _
32、 _ buy some fruit.4. 你们打算什么时候见面。 What time _ you _ _ meet? 2、改句子 5. Nancy is going to go camping.(改否定) Nancy _ going to go camping.6. Ill go and join&
33、#160;them.(改否定) I _ go _ join them. 7. Im going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.(改一般疑问句) _ _ _ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow? 8. We will meet at the bus&
34、#160;stop at 10:30.(改一般疑问句) _ _ meet at the bus stop at 10:30. 9. She is going to listen to music after school.(对划线部分提问) _ _ she _ _ _ after school? 1
35、0. My father and mother are going to see a play tomorrow.(同上) _ _ going to see a play the day after tomorrow ?五、一般过去时 1一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。(yesterday
36、, last year/week.) 2Be动词在一般过去时中的变化: am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。(was not=wasnt) are在一般过去时中变为were。(were not=werent) 带有was或were的句子,其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。 3句中没有be动
37、词的一般过去时的句子 否定句:didnt +动词原形,如:Jim didnt go home yesterday. 一般疑问句:在句首加did,句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如:Did Jim go home yesterday? 特殊疑问句:疑问词+did+主语+动词原形?如: What did Jim do yesterday? 疑问词当主语时:疑问词+动词过去式?如:Who we
38、nt to home yesterday? 动词过去式变化规则: 1一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked 2结尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted 3末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped 4以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i, 再加-ed,如:study-studied 5.
39、不规则动词的变化: am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-dr
40、ew,drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat 练习:写出下列动词的过去式 isam_ fly_ plant_ are _ drink_ play_ go_ make&
41、#160;_ does_ dance_ worry_ ask _ taste_ eat_ draw_ put _ throw_ kick_ pass_ do _ Be动词的过去时练习 1、用be动词的适当形式填空。
42、1. I _ an English teacher now. 2. She _ happy yesterday. 3. They _ glad to see each other last month. 4. Helen and Nancy _ good friends.
43、 5. The little dog _ two years old this year. 6. Look, there _ lots of grapes here. 7. There _ a sign on the chair on Monday.
44、;2、用动词的适当形式填空。 1. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday. 2. Her father _ (read) a newspaper last night. 3. We _ to the zoo yesterday, we _
45、 to the park,too. (go)4. _ you _ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival? 5. _ he _ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he _. 6. Gao Shan _ (
46、pull) up carrots last National Day holiday. 7. I _ (sweep) the floor yesterday. 8. What _ she _ (find) in the garden last morning? She _(find) a bea
47、utiful butterfly. 3、句型转换。 1. There was a car in front of the house just now. 否定句:_ 一般疑问句:_ 肯、否定回答:_ _2. They played football in the
48、 playground. 否定句:_ 一般疑问句:_ 肯、否定回答:_ _六、人称代词及对应的形容词性物主代词。 人称代词: I我 we我们 you你 you你们 he他 she她 it它 they他们 物主代词:my我的 our我们的 your你的 your你们的 his他的 her她的 i
49、ts它的 their他们的宾格:me我 us我们 you你 you你 him他 her她 it它 them他们 主格: I we you she he it they宾格: me us you her
50、0;him it them 形容词性物主代词: my our your her his its their 名词性物主代词: mine ours yours hers his i
51、ts theirs 1、用所给词的适当形式填空 1.That is not _ kite. (my) 2. Is this _ watch? (you) No, its not _ . ( I ) 3. _ is my brother. _ name is
52、0;Jack. Look! ( he ) 4. _ is my aunt. Do you know _job? _ is a nurse. ( she )5. Where are _? I cant find _. Lets call _parents. ( they
53、) 七、形容词和副词的比较级 形容词比较级在句子中的运用:两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more, a little 来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格(1) 一般在形容词或副词后+er 如: tall-taller, strong-stronger, (2) 双写最后一个字母,再+er如: big-bigger, fat- fatter, (3) 把y变i,
54、再+er 如: heavy-heavier, early-earlier (4) 不规则变化:如: well-better, much/many-more, 1、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级 old_ young_ tall_ long_ short_ strong_ big_ small_fat_ thin_ heavy_ light_nice_ good_ beautiful_low_ high_ slow_ fast_late_ early_ far_ &
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