高考英语单项填空陷阱题透析

1、高考英语单项填空陷阱题透析    每年高考试题单项选择的考点基本不变，但又给人耳目一新的感觉。主要是增加了语境化，交际化的因素。 高考命题者常常利用熟悉的句型结构，或者一些固定搭配来制造陷阱，让考生在非常神气的心情中快速地得出错误的答案。针对这种情况，我粗略归纳了常见陷阱题的类型并加以分析，希望能对同学们在解题过程中巧识陷阱有所帮助。一。考点设置1。 语法类考题2。习惯搭配类3。相似词语辨析4。情景交际5。 逻辑推理题二。 提高试题难度的手段1 插入隔离型有时一个本来很简单的句子，在其中置入一个插入成分，或将某些成分从正常位置调入一个在同学们看来属“非正常”的位置

2、，则很有可能给同学们的理解带来困难。例4He ran as fast as he could _the bus.A. catch B. to catch C. catchingD. caught解析: 答案为B，但易选A，以为情态动词could后要接动词原形。其实，这里的情态动词could后已省略了一个动词原形run了，后面应用动词不定式表示目的。2。省略迷惑型Taking this kind of medicine,if_,will possibly do him great harm.A. To continue B. continued C. continues D. continuin

3、g3.追加限制型Oh dear, my money_.I must go to the bank to draw some of my savings out before I have none in hand.A. has run out B. is running out C. has gone D. is being run out4 思维定势型思维定势是指人们在长期的思维过程中所形成的一种固定的思维模式。它是一把双刃剑，如果运用得当，它可以帮助考生将考题内容与以前所学知识迅速联系起来，并在短时间内调集解决问题所需的相关知识进行分析、推理，并很快得出正确的结论；但若运用不当，它便会误导

4、考生掉入命题人所预设的陷阱，得出错误的结论。例1 In order not to be disturbed, I spent three hours _ in my study.A. locking B. locked C. to lock D. to be locked解析：答案为B，但考生易误选A，以为是考查spend.（in）doing结构。其实，不是“锁门”花去了三小时，而是“将自己锁在书房里度过了三小时”，用过去分词短语作伴随状语。5 母语干扰型学外语最忌母语干扰，但由于母语在大脑中根深蒂固，所以常常会对外语学习者大脑中尚不牢固的外语知识产生负面影响。命题者也往往利用这一点，制造陷阱

5、。例3Ill come to see you if_.A. youre convenient B. it is convenient for youC. you feel convenient D. it is convenient with you解析：答案为B，但易误选A或C，因为按汉语意思，“如果你方便的话”，易直译为if you are convenient或if you feel convenient。但事实上，英语中表示“如果你方便的话”，通常说if it is convenient for(to)you。6. 相似结构干扰型It was really midnight_Henry

6、 began to feel terrible.A. until B. that C. when D. while7句式转换型英语句子的一般语序为“主语部分谓语部分”，如果把谓语或谓语的一部分放到主语前面，我们称之为倒装。命题者就利用这种“不正常”的句式跟你“绕弯子”。 解决类似的题目，关键是要熟悉倒装规则，学会识别倒装句。例5 _he followed my advice, he would have succeeded.A. When B. If C. Had D. Has解析： 答案为C，但易误选B。若选B，主句和从句的时态就会矛盾了，根据后面的谓语的形式，前面要用过去完成式had fo

7、llowed才对。其实，这里的if被省略，将had提前了8 规则硬套型就是指不从语言实际出发，不考虑特定的语言环境，而是机械地套用语法规则，生搬硬套语法的条条框框，从而错误地作出选择。例2 He made up his mind to devote his life _pollution_ happily.A. to prevent, to live B. to prevent, from livingC. to preventing, to live D. to preventing, living解析：答案为C，但易误选B，认为第一空应填to，是不定式符号，第二空是prevent. (fr

8、om) doing sth.是固定搭配。其实devote . to . (把奉献给)中的to是介词，接-ing形式；第二空也不是“阻止污染过上幸福生活”，而是“为了过上幸福生活而阻止污染”，用不定式作目的状语。9。知识叠加型He suggested the problem worth paying attention _at the meeting.A. to be discussed B. to being discussed C. to discuss D. to discussing三。 解题策略1、整体把握，分析语境这些年来，单项选择填空淡化了对所谓“纯”语法和“纯”词汇的考查，而是在

9、特定的语境中对语法和词汇进行考查，这就增加了考试的难度。因此，考生必须具有综合运用语言的能力。答题时我们必须读完全部信息，利用特定的语境来选出正确答案。例如：1. - Whats that terrible noise? (2004年北京卷22题)- The neighbors _ for a party.A. have prepared B. are preparing C. prepare D. will prepare2. George and Lucy got married last week . Did you go to their wedding ? (2004年湖北卷33题)

10、   No , I  _ . Did they have a big wedding ? Awas not invited   Bhave not been invited  Chadnt been invited  Ddidnt invite 3. - Its getting late. Im afraid I must be going now. （2004年全国卷I）- OK. _.A. Take it easy B. Go slowly C. Stay longer D. See you2、注意分

11、析句子结构 明确句子成分特别是选项在句子中所担任的句子成分，有时对于我们选择正确答案是很有帮助的。例如：1. On Saturday afternoon, Mr. Green went to the market some bananas and visited his cousin.A. bought B. buying C. to buy D. buy对句子稍作分析，我们就会发现本句中的空白处的句子成分与went、visited是三个并列谓语，后两个谓语用and加以连接，正确答案毫无疑问是A。2. Is this factoryyou visited last FridayA. which

12、 B. where C. the one D. there应该知道这个句子的主语为this factory. this是定语is是连系动词当谓语，空白处缺少的是表语，所以C项是正确答案(the one后面省略了关系代词which或that)。如果我们在factory前面加上定冠词the，答案则应选A，因为此时factory成了句子的表语。3It was _ back home after the experiment . （2004年湖北卷24题） Anot until midnight did he go  Buntil midnight that he did

13、nt go  Cnot until midnight that he went  Duntil midnight when he didnt go3 注意排除思维定势的干扰在学习过程中，同学们进行了相当多的习题练习，因此对有些类型的题目自然而然地会产生思维定势。当碰到一些已经发生了变化的新题目，如果不作分析而是凭老经验，想当然办事，势必造成错误。为此，必须排除思维定势的干扰，以便选出正确的答案。例如：1. She cant helpthe house because shes busy making a cake.上海1997A. to clean B. cleaning

14、C. cleaned D. being cleaned2. This is the only way we are thinking of _ him out of trouble.A. getting B. to get C. got D. to have got3. He tried every means to make himself _ the rules by studying them day and night.A. understood B. understanding C. understand D. to understand4、注意捕获句子中的隐含信息为了考查考生观察问

15、题、分析问题的能力，高考选择题中常常会把一些重要的信息隐含在语境之中，而不是直截了当地告诉考生。因此，答题时必须十分注意获取隐含的信息。例如：1. Are the new rules working Yes.books are stolen.A. Few B. More C. Some D. None此题中的Yes提供了很重要的信息，它说明了答话人已肯定了新的规章在起作用，故正确答案是A。至于D项中的none是不能当定语的，故不能选。2. Can you come on Monday or Tuesday - Im afraid day is possible.（NMET1998）A. eit

16、her B. neither C. some D. any此题中的“Im afraid”就是隐含信息，它说明了答话人所持的是否定态度，也就是说星期一、星期二这两天都不行，所以B是正确的答案。3. Everyone was on time for the meeting _ Chris, who's usually ten minutes late for everything. (2004年湖南卷27题) A. but  B. only           C. ev

17、en           D. yet、5。注意句式的变化在考查考生对基础知识的掌握过程中，命题人常会通过改变句子结构的方式来增加试题难度。碰到这类题材时，要沉着冷静，仔细分析，以便选出正确的答案。例如：1Maybe you have been to many countries, but nowhere else  _ such a beautiful palace. Acan you find  Byou could find   Cyou

18、can find  Dcould you find （2004年辽宁卷）2。 John plays footballif not better than David.(NMET1994)A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as这种把原级与比较级的用法混在同一个句子当中的用法，在中学教科书中并没有出现，考生碰到这种题目自然会感到很陌生。如果我们冷静地思考一下就会明白if not better than是插入语，这时就会觉得句子很容易理解，答案也就一目了然，即B是正确答案。Rather thanon a crowded bus h

19、e always prefersa bicycle.NMET1994A. ride, ride B. riding, ride C. ride, to ride D. to ride, riding此题用的是prefer to dorather than do的句型，如果该题以陈述句的形式出现，考生很容易找到正确答案。但是命题人却采用倒装句来命题，增加了试题的干扰因素，需要考生仔细分析才能明白C是正确答案。I havent heard from Henry for a long time.What do you supposeto him上海1997A. was happening B. to

20、 happen C. has happened D. had happened这里答语用的是复杂的特殊疑问句，其中do you suppose作插入语，可见suppose之后缺少的是句子谓语而不是suppose的宾语，故正确答案是C。至于D项时态不呼应，所以不能选。6、注意日常交际用语的掌握与应用高考题目中经常会出现日常交际用语方面的考查内容。做这类题目要特别注意的是中西方文化的差异，特定的语言环境以及习惯用法。以下应该注意的问题1 问是否介意及回答，of course/ certainly not; Not at all; Im afraid youd better not; Im afra

21、id you cant; Id rather you didnt actually2 介绍及回答, This is ; Im glad/ pleased to meet/ see you; Glad/ Nice to meet you3 表扬及回答, Thank you/ Thanks; Its very kind of you to ay so; Im glad you enjoy it.4 道歉及回答, Never mind; Thats all right.5 求助及回答, Id love/ like to; With pleasure; Help yourself, please; G

22、o ahead, please; Id like to, but Im busy now.6 主动帮助及回答, Its all right. Thanks; Thats very nice of you.; No, thank you all the same/ just the same.7 成功表达及回答, Im glad to hear that; Congratulations. 例如：Hi, havent seen you for ages. You look fine. . You look welltoo.NMET1994A. Great B. Thanks C. Oh, no

23、D. Not at all在英语中，当听到赞扬时用来回谢对方的常用Thanks或Thank you，不能按照中国人的习惯为了表示谦虚等说“不”“没什么”一类的话。因此，正确答案是B。Do you think I could borrow your dictionary .NMET1997A. Yes, you may borrow B. Yes, you could C. Yes, help yourself D. Yes, go oncould用于疑问句可以用来表示委婉的语气，但它不能用于回答。help oneself含有“自取”“自用”的意思，所以C项为正确答案。Id like to ta

24、ke a weeks holiday. _, were too busy. (2004年全国卷III23题) A. Dont worry     B. Dont mention it   C. Forget it    D. Pardon meCan I look at the menu for a few more minutes before I decide? Of course. _ sir. (2004年全国卷II 21题)   A. Make yourself at hom

25、e  B. Enjoy yourself   C. It doesn't matter   D. Take your time- I had a really good weekend at my uncles.- _.A. Oh, thats very nice of you B. CongratulationsC. Really D. Oh, I am glad to hear that7。注意相似句型之间的差别英语中有些句型很相似，如果不加以仔细观察在做题目时很容易出错误。例如：It is known to all that po

26、llution has become a serious problem in the world today.As is known to all, pollution has become a serious problem in the world today.这里第一句中的it是形式主语，that引导的是主语从句；第二句中的as为关系代词，引导的是定语从句。再看下面一道高考题：is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.NMET2001A. It B. As C. That D. Wh

27、at此题答案是B。该题考查由as引导的定语从句，它可以放在主句前或后。as表示主句的内容，而不是代表某个先行词。故而译成中文是“正如大家都知道的”。其余几项均无此意。如果有的考生不小心也会选A，因为it作为形式主语引导主语从句时其结构与as引导定语从句很相似。下面有100道相似句型题供同学们参考单项选择填空题的内容是多方面的，这里所讲的只不过是其中几个问题。我们必须明白，要做好单项选择填空题仅靠掌握一些答题技巧还是远远不够的。因此，我们在平时的学习过程中一定要扎扎实实地打好英语基础并练好语言的本领。归纳：单选应该这样做：阅读题干，理解题意抓住题眼，确认考点推理判断，找出答案单项选择复习建议1.

28、 熟练掌握高中英语新课程标准词汇及用法， 其中要掌握词性及其固定的搭配（基本要求）2. 对于重要句型的把握 （重点61个）3. 注意一词多义 （重点）4. 固定搭配5. 重要句型补充:1 beof抽象名词2 the形容词副词比较级，the 形容词副词比较级3 not no never nothing 比较级4 比较级than any other 单数可数名词5 the比较级of6 as形容词副词原级（a an）名词as7 as形容词副词原级as，比较级than8 the same 名词as9 倍数比较级than，倍数as原级as，倍数the size heightlength weight w

29、idth of10. no longernotany longer11. 形容词副词enough to do sth12. （much）tooto do sth13. where14. How soon15. There be16. In case17. keep preventstop sb（sth）from doing（being done）18. have keep make getdrive sendset leave sb（sth）宾补19have sthdone20make oneself done21used to do sth22warn sb（not）to do agains

30、t doing sth23spend waste time in doing sth24can't help doing sth25sbwould（should）like（love）to do sth26Given27情态动词（not）have 过去分词28so that29suchthat30tilluntil31the first time32before33Itbe一段时间since从句34It is was the firstlastsecond third time 从句35As is known to all36no matter 特殊疑问词37What （aanadj）名

31、词Howadjadv主语谓语38Itthat what whether howwhen主语从句或to do sth doing sth39think make find feelkeepit宾补40It is was 被强调部分that（who）41Only 副词介词短语状语从句42Never Little Not a Hardly In no time In no way In no case Seldom Scarcely Barely Rarely NowhereBy no means be 助动词情态动词主语谓语 43Soadjbe助动词情态动词主语 (倒装)44adjadvnasth

32、ough/ that 主语谓语45No soonerthan Hardly（Scarcely）when（before）46not onlybut（also）47Neither Nor be 助动词情态动词主语48Sobe助动词情态动词主语与So主语be助动词情态动词49do you think？ 50It is said reported thoughtbelieved announced that51This is speaking52do nothing but do sth./ cannot but do/ cannot help but do/ cannot choose but do

33、./ have no choice but to do53'd like to，'d love to，be going to， mean to，ought to，try to，plan to，be glad to，be happy to54I'm sorry，but55Why not 动词原形？56Do Would you mind？57How What about？58That It be adjof sbto do sth59prefer to do sthrather than do sth60would rather do sth61I believe so，I

34、 believe not，I don't believe so相似题型专项练习1. (1)Tom got the first place, _ made his parents happy.(2)Tom got first place, and _ made his parents happy.A. as B. which C. that D. this2.(1)_ is well known to all, the earth is round.(2)_ is well known to all that the earth is round.A. That B. with C. I

35、t D. As3.(1)Its good _ you to take a walk after supper every day.(2)It was really stupid _ him to refuse the invitation. A. of B. to C. for D. at4.(1)He is unfit for the job, _?(2)He isnt fit for the job, _? A. isnt he B. is he C. doesnt he D. does he5.(1)Is this museum _ you visited the other day?(

36、2)Is this the museum _ you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one6.(1)He said that Mary had done it, _? A. hadnt she B. hadnt Mary C. didnt he D. did he(2)Its my sons birthday next week, and I have to do my best for that, _? A. isnt it B. is it C. havent I D. dont I7.(1)I wat

37、ched TV last night. _. _.A. So I did B. So did I C. So I was D. So was I (2)Mr. Chen is a teacher and works very hard, _ his wife.A. So does B. So is C. So it is with D. It is same with8.(1)It is 10 years sine we _ school.A. left B. have left C. had left D. leave (2)This is the first time I _ here.A

38、. was B. am going C. have been D. came9.(1)Lets start at once, _? (2)Let us go, _? A. will you B. shall we C. do you D. do we10.(1)There are many trees on _ side of the street. (2)There are many students watching the volleyball match on _ side of the playground.A. all B. both C. every D. each 11.(1)

39、Mr. Johnson must have come back yesterday, _? (2)He must have waited here for a long time, _?A. hasnt he B. havent he C. mustnt he D. didnt he12.(1)_ knows the truth will tell you about it, I think.A. Who B. That C. No matter who D. Whoever (2)Dont trust him, _ he says.A. what B. no matter what C. w

40、hatever D. B and C13.(1)“_ can the work be done?” In five hours. (2)_ have you studied English? For six years.A. How long B. How soon C. How often D. How far14.(1)Zhang Ming is taller than _ in his class.A. any students B. anyone C. any other student D. others (2)He studies English harder than _ in

41、his class.A. any students B. any boys C. anyone D. any girls15.(1)Shall we have her _ there? (2)Shall we get her _ there?A. to go B. go C. went D. gone16.(1)The experiment has failed. I suggest you _ again.A. trying B. will try C. would try D. try (2)Her expression suggested that she _ angry. A. be

42、B. was C. were D. being17.(1)They usually have a Party meeting on Saturday afternoon, _? A. dont they B. havent they C. do they D. have they (2)He hasnt any brothers, _?A. has he B. does he C. hasnt he D. A and B18.(1)Waiting for her _ me three hours. (2)Well _ three days in finishing the work.A. to

43、ok B. cost C. pay D. spend19.(1)He wanted nothing but _ there.A. stayed B. staying C. to stay D. stay (2)He would do anything for you but _ you money.A. lend B. to lend C. lent D. lending20.(1)The workers made machines _ the farmers. (2)The officer made his men _ the farmers.A. help B. to help C. he

44、lped D. helping21.(1)I managed to make myself _. A. hear B. heard C. to be heard D. hearing (2)The earth must be made _ more people.A. supported B. supporting C. to support D. support22.(1)_ care for nobody but himself will never get along well with the others.A. That B. These C. Those who D. Who (2

45、)_ fails to finish the task given should be criticized.A. Any one who B. Anyone who C. Anyone which D. Any one23.(1)East of the village _ a lake five years ago. (2)He _ his hand on my shoulder.A. lie B. lay C. laid D. lain24.(1)Someone is asking for you, May be he will have _ you.A. the word with B.

46、 a word with C. some words to D. words to (2)She used to have _ with her husband.A. a word B. the word C. words D. some words25.(1)Our teacher entered the classroom, _. (2)Our teacher entered the classroom, with _.A. a book in hand B. book in hand C. a book in his hand D. book in his hands26.(1)_ ma

47、ny times, but he still couldnt understand it. (2)_ many times, he has already known how to do it.A. Having been told B. Having told C. He had been told D. Though he had been told27.(1) To prevent the air _, something will have to be done.A. to pollute B. to be polluted C. from polluting D. from bein

48、g polluted (2)The bad weather prevented us _.A. from going out B. to go out C. gone out D. went out28.(1)It was not _ that the police arrived and caught the thief. (2)The book will be printed _.A. before long B. before C. long before D. long29.(1)_ the sight of the jewels Mathildes eyes shone bright

49、ly. (2)_ sight of his old friend in the street, he felt very happy.A. At B. In C. Out of D. Catching30.(1)_, we all went to the park. (2)_, and we all went to the park. A. Being a fine day B. Because the fine day C. It was a fine day D. It being a fine day31.(1)To all the people here _ the honour for the success. (2)China _ the Third World is a developing country.A. belong B. belongs C. belongs to D. belonging to32.(1)_ what the schoolmaster said, the girls face turned red.(2)_ what the schoolmaster said, she was encouraged.A. After she heard B. After hearing C