vitamin-biomedstueducn

1、Lipid-soluble vitaminWater- soluble vitaminu试述维生素A缺乏时，为什么会患夜盲症？论述题论述题（查资料课外完成）introductionVitamins are organic nutrients that are required in small quantities for a variety of biochemical functions and which, generally, cannot be synthesized by the body and must therefore be supplied by the diet.Lip

2、id-soluble vitaminWater-soluble vitaminvitaminSection 1. lipid-soluble vitaminVitamin A, D, E and K are soluble in lipids, not in water. They lay with lipids in food and therefore absorbed together with lipids by body. . Vitamin ACH2OHCH2OHA1A2Vitamin A1, retinol, 视黄醇Vitamin A2, dehydroretinol, 脱氢视黄

3、醇Function:keep epithelial tissue healthy.Maintaining orthopsia(正常视觉). Source: carotin 胡萝卜素 (7.7mg/100g)Deficiency diseases: night-blindness 夜盲症夜盲症Vitamin DHOR麦角固醇7-脱氢胆固醇22-双氢麦角固醇7-脱氢谷固醇维生素D2维生素D3维生素D4维生素D5Among them, 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol is the biological most active.Function:Promote absorb

4、ing of calcium and phosphonium into intestine, adjust calcium and phosphorus metabolism, be helpful of ossature(骨骼)calcifying and tooth forming.Deficiency deseases: rachitis(佝偻病佝偻病 )osteomalacia(软骨病软骨病)Source:fish-liver oil，yolk蛋黄，milkVitamin Etocopherol生育酚. 8 compounds had been found. The four: ， a

5、nd are physiological active.OHOR2R1R3Functions:Maintaining animal procreating ability, anti-infertilitas.（维持动物生殖功能，抗不育症）AntioxidationPromote metabolism of heme.Deficiency states:generative organ damage, even aciesis(不育). Source: bean oil豆油（94mg/100g) corn oil玉米油83mg/100g. Vitamin K2-甲基-1,4萘醌的衍生物 OOC

6、H3R1234Functions:Prosthetic group of - Glutamic Acid carboxylase(-谷氨酸羧化酶的辅酶), Promote synthesis of proserozyme in liver.Adjust synthesis of blood coagulation factor 、.Deficiency states:Bleeding easily.Source:Yolk(蛋黄)，green color vegetablesSynthesized by some entero-bacterium肠道菌合成Section 2. water-sol

7、uble vitamin1. Vitamin B1thiaminCl-N+SCH3CH2CH2OHNNNH2H3CCH2Form TPP焦磷酸硫胺素TPP is prosthetic group of pyruvic acid dehydrogenase 丙酮酸脱氢酶的辅基Catalyze -keto acid decarboxylic reaction.Deficiency deseases:Beriberi脚气病脚气病, polyneuritis多发性神经炎多发性神经炎Source: seeds crust and corcle(胚芽).2. Vitamin B2riboflavin核黄素

8、wForm FMN, FADwprosthetic group of redox enzymeFAD + 2H = FADH2FMN + 2H = FMNH2wTransfer hydogen and electron递氢与电子Deficiency deseases:Hypopnea, lower metabolism intensity. glossitis, ceratitis, cutitis(缺乏时,组织呼吸减弱，代谢强度降低。主要症状为舌炎、角膜炎、皮炎等。)Source:Bean,liver.3. VitPP(VB5)NCOOHNCONH2Nicotinic Acid（烟酸（烟酸)

9、 micotinamide （尼克酰胺（尼克酰胺)Deficiency deseases: Pellagra(糙皮病,玉米红斑病)Source:Meat, yeast, peanut花生，rice bran米糠4. Vitamin B6NH3CHOCH2NH2CH2OHNH3CHOCHOCH2OHNH3CHOCHOCH2OPOHOOHNH3CHOCH2NH2CH2OPOHOOH磷酸吡哆醛 磷酸吡哆胺 Prosthetic group of aminotransferase, decarboxylase and racemase (Aa转氨酶、脱羧酶、消旋酶的辅酶)Source:Yeast, r

10、ice bran(米糠), yolk(蛋黄)，meat.Function:Amino group transfer5. pantothenic acid泛酸(B3)Form coenzyme A (CoA-SH)Form acyl carrier proteinTransfer acyl groupCH2CCH3CH3CHOHCON HCH2CH2CN HCH2CH2SHOOOO HPOOHHONNN H2NNOPOOOHPOOOHCH2CoA-SHHCys-S泛-SC-CH2-CH2CH3OCys-S泛-SHC-CH2-CH2CH3OSource:Yeast, meat, bee milk,

11、 peannuts.Synthesized by bacterium in intestines 6. Biotin(B7)HNNHCOCHH2CS(CH2)4COOHProsthetic enzyme of carboxylaseTransfer CO2.乙酰CoA羧化酶Source:Wide exist in body of animals and plants.Synthesized by bacterium in intestinesDeficiency deseases:Scytitis（皮炎），trichomadesis（脱毛），nervousness（神经过敏）7. Folic

12、acidpterolyglutamic acid蝶酰谷氨酸Carrier of one carbon group:-CH3, -CH2-, -CHO.Join in many biosynthesis processes.Deficiency states: Megaloblastic anaemia巨幼红细胞贫血Exist mainly in liver and green leaves. Synthesized by bacterium in intestines8. Vitamin B12coholamine钴胺素Prosthetic enzyme of mutase, catalyze

13、 reactions of group, mainly methyl, metachoresis in the interior of substrate molecule. 变位酶的辅酶，变位酶的辅酶，催化底物分子内基团催化底物分子内基团(主主要为甲基要为甲基)的变位反应。的变位反应。Source:Liver, milk, meat and so on, not in plants.Deficiency states: megaloblastic anemia巨幼红细胞性贫血CO S CoACHCOOHCH3CO S CoACH2CH2COOH甲基丙二酸单酰辅酶变位酶Vitamin CAsc

14、orbic acidStrong reduction quality ,Protect enzyme having thiol group being reductive(使巯基酶中巯基处于还原态。)Prosthetic enzyme of proline hydroxylase, promote forming of collagen protein (脯氨酸羟化酶的辅酶，促进胶原蛋白的形成。)Deficiency states:scorbutusCCCCCCH2OHOHOHOHHOHOOCCOOOHHOHCH2OHCCC-2H+2H抗坏血酸抗坏血酸 脱氢抗坏血酸脱氢抗坏血酸Widely e

15、xist in fresh vegetables and fruit10.Lipoic 硫辛酸SCHSCHCH2CH2CH2CH2CH2COOHprosthetic enzyme of Lipoate acetyltransferase(硫硫辛酸乙酰转移酶的辅辛酸乙酰转移酶的辅酶酶)hydrogen carrier, acyl carrierExist in liver,yeast and so on.维生素名称辅酶名称功能缺乏症维生素B1(硫胺素)焦磷酸硫胺素(-酮酸氧化脱羧酶的辅酶)催化-酮酸脱羧脚气病,多发性神经炎维生素B2(核黄素)FMN、FAD(脱氢酶的辅基)传递H与电子口腔发炎,舌

16、炎、角膜炎、皮炎等维生素PP(尼克酸与尼克酰胺)（B5）NAD+、NADP+(不需氧脱氢酶的辅基)传递H与电子神经营养障碍，出现皮炎（癞皮病）维生素B6(吡哆醇、吡哆醛与吡哆胺)磷酸吡哆醛与磷酸吡哆胺（转氨酶的辅基）转氨基作用泛酸（B3）辅酶A转酰基作用生物素（B7）生物素（羧化酶的辅酶）固定CO2精神抑郁、皮肤炎、脱屑红皮病等。叶酸（B9）四氢叶酸（一碳单位转移酶的辅酶与一碳载体）提供一碳单位。 巨幼红细胞贫血维生素B12 (钴胺素) （N5-甲基FH4转甲基酶的辅酶）转甲基作用巨幼红细胞贫血维生素C羟化酶的辅助因子供氢，抗氧化坏血病-硫辛酸（硫辛酸乙酰转移酶的辅酶）递氢与转移酰基的作用维生

17、素概况一览表（1）-水溶性维生素维生素概况一览表（2）-脂溶性维生素维生素名称功能缺乏症维生素A（视黄醇、视黄醛与视黄酸）构成细胞内感光物质，维持上皮组织的健康和正常视觉；诱导上皮细胞分化，具抗癌作用。夜盲症维生素D促进肠壁对钙和磷的吸收，有利于新骨的生成与钙化。佝偻病或软骨病维生素E维持动物的生殖功能（抗动物不育症）具有抗氧化作用新生儿贫血维生素K促进肝脏合成凝血酶原调节凝血因子、的合成。易出血药物可能导致营养素缺乏的种类药物可能导致的营养素缺乏酒类VB6与叶酸抗惊厥药VB1、叶酸、VD与VK皮质类固醇VB6、VC、VD、Ca、Zn与K利尿药K、Ca、Mg与Zn避孕药与雌激素VB6、VC、V

18、B12与叶酸维生素为15维生素为10维生素为30维生素为60维生素1为15维生素2为17烟酰胺为20维生素6为2维生素12为6泛酸为10叶酸为400生物素为300 成年人营养补充维生素每日参考用量：选择题练习选择题练习维生素维生素1. 1. 没有五元环结构的维生素是（没有五元环结构的维生素是（ ）A. 硫胺素 B. 生物素 C. 叶酸 D. 维生素D E. 钴胺素A. 硫胺素 B. 生物素 C. 维生素C D. 维生素D E. 维生素A2. 2. 参与固定参与固定COCO2 2的是（的是（ ）3. 3. 维生素维生素D D的生化作用是的生化作用是( )( )A. 促进钙、磷吸收B. 促进钙、磷

19、排泄C. 降低钙、磷吸收D. 降低钙、磷排泄E. 促进胃对钙、磷吸收4. 4. 在体内无抗氧化作用的维生素是在体内无抗氧化作用的维生素是( )( )A. 维生素AB. 维生素EC. 维生素CD. 维生素KE. 硫辛酸5. 5. 缺乏维生素缺乏维生素K K时时, ,可引起可引起( )( )A. 凝血因子合成不受影响B. 凝血因子合成增加C. 凝血时间正常D. 凝血时间延长E. 凝血时间缩短6. Which one doesnt contain vitamine?A. FMNB. FADC. CoQD. CoASHE. NAD+7. 7. 下列哪种维生素缺乏会引起坏血病？下列哪种维生素缺乏会引起坏

20、血病？A. 硫胺素B. 核黄素C. 硫辛酸D. 维生素CE. 泛酸8. 8. 与一碳单位代谢有关的维生素有与一碳单位代谢有关的维生素有( )( )A. 维生素B2B. 维生素B12C. 维生素B6D. 生物素E. 叶酸9. Which vitamine join in composition of coenzyme or prosthetic group?A. Vitamine CB. Vitamine DC. Vitamine B2D. Vitamine B6E. Folic acid10. 10. 具有维生素具有维生素A A活性的物质包括（活性的物质包括（ ）A 视黄醇B 视黄醛C 视黄酸D -胡萝卜素E 玉米黄素11. 11. 下列关于维生素的叙述正确的是下列关于维生素的叙述正确的是( )( )A 维生素是构成组织细胞成分之一B 根据化学结构和性质分类C 全部由食物供给D 是一类需要量很大的物质E 有些溶于水,有些溶于脂肪12. 12. 自然界黄红色植物中含维生素自然界黄红色植物中含维生素A A的前体最主要的的前体最主要的是是( )( )A