人教版高中英语选修十 Unit 1 Nothing ventured nothing gained 词汇篇教师版

1、Unit 1 Nothing ventured, nothing gained-词汇篇_1. 掌握常考词汇的运用；2. 掌握句型的运用；一. 难句分析1. the fear that we might never know their fate and possible delay 害怕再也无从知晓他命运和可能的耽搁解析：delay可作动词也可作名词。作动词时, 既可作及物动词也可作不及物动词, 意为“耽搁；延迟”；作名词时, 可作可数名词也可作不可数名词。 e.g. The accident delayed the train for two hours. 事故使火车晚点了两小时。He de

2、layed telling her the news, waiting for the right moment.他没有马上把消息告诉她，等有了适当的时机再说。Im sorry that Ive delayed so long. 我很抱歉拖了这么久。Our plane was delayed by heavy fog.我们的飞机因大雾而延迟了。After much delay, he finished his paper at last.拖了那么久，他终于完成了论文。My doctor advised me to give up. smoking without delay. 我的医生劝我立即

3、戒烟。【比较】 delay, postpone, put off在表示“推迟某事”时，它们可以互换。e.g. The flight was delayed / postponed / put off due to bad weather. 由于天气不好，航班被推迟了。但它们又有细微的差别： delay 强调因某种困难或障碍延误，动作主体是人或困难本身，延迟的时间不确定，也可能是无限延迟。如： My father fell ill all of a sudden, which delayed our trip. 父亲突然病倒了, 延迟了我们的旅行。 postpone 动作主体是人，表示有意识地推

4、迟，延迟的时间确定。如：Because of heavy rain, we have decided to postpone our sports meeting until next Monday. 由于下大雨， 我们已经决定把运动会推迟到下周一。 put off 强调“拖延时间”，指因客观原因造成的拖延或主观上有意的拖延。如：Youre always putting off things. You should get rid of this bad habit. 你做事总是拖拉，你得克服这个坏习惯。 2. If this stands for a period of time its s

5、alt disappears and it becomes fresh water suitable for drinking.如果冰块溶化了一段时间，水里面的盐分就会消失，之后变成适于饮用的淡水。解析：stand 的意义及引申: v. 站立, 忍受, 位在; “使(液体)保持静止不动；静置，沉淀”e.g. Let me stand you a dinner. 让我请你一顿饭。In February 1916 the French army made a stand at Verdun (凡尔登). 1916年2月，法国军队在凡尔登奋力抵抗。This work will hardly stan

6、d close examination. 这种作品很难经得起认真的检验。 She took a firm stand on nuclear disarmament.她在核裁军的问题上态度很坚决。He cant stand hot weather. 他受不住这炎热的天气。Let the words stand. 不要改动这些字。Leave the water to stand overnight. 让水整晚沉淀。Stand the mixture for 20 minutes and see what happens.将混合溶液静置20分钟。3. This give off oily. 这会产生

7、油腻的黑烟。解析：give off 意为“发出”，其宾语通常是气体、液体、光、烟、雾、气味、放射线等。e.g. The gas give off an unpleasant smell. 这种气体散发出一种难闻的气味。The engine gives off smoke and steam. 发动机发出烟气和水蒸气。联想 give away 赠送；泄露give back 归还；恢复 give up 放弃 give in 屈服；让步；投降give out 发出；分发；发布；筋疲力尽表示“发出”时，其宾语通常是光、电、声、热、信号、放射线等。4. We could also eat the rem

8、ains when the fire died down.火熄灭后我们也可以吃剩下的东西。解析：1）remains 复数形式的名词，“剩余物; 遗迹; 遗体, 残骸”。e.g. the remains of a meal 残羹剩饭the remains of an army 残兵败将human remains 人的尸体The remains of the supper were taken away.把晚餐吃剩的东西带走。2）die down 渐弱; 渐熄 e.g. The wind died down. 风势渐渐弱了下来。The excitement soon died down. 那股兴奋

9、劲儿渐渐冷了下来。联想die away (声音、风、光等) 渐渐减弱, 甚至停止die off (有生命的群体) 一个接一个地死去die out (家族、种族、习俗、观念等) 完全消失; 绝种5. As a chef, it was my duty to clean and cook these animals, 作为厨子，我的责任就是把这些动物清洗干净并做成肉解析：chef 和 cook 都有“厨师”的意思， 但chef 多指“厨技高超的男性厨师; 主厨”, 而cook则泛指“烹调食物的人”。e.g. He works as a chef in a restaurant. 他在一家餐馆当厨师

10、。Who is the cook in your family? 在你们家谁做饭?6. So I was soon being encouraged to vary the meals in whatever way I could.没过多久他们就不断鼓动我想方设法去变化伙食的花样。解析：vary vi. & vt. 改变, 变化, 使多样化e.g. The teacher was advised to vary his teaching methods.有人建议这位老师改变一下教学方法。Mom is a good cook; she varies the meals so that

11、we never get tired of eating at home.妈妈是个好厨师。她总是变换饭菜的口味，所以我们从不厌烦在家吃饭。7. Another part of the body that needed special caution was the eyes.另外一个需要特别小心的身体部位是眼睛。解析：caution n. 小心, 慎重, 警示 v. 警告e.g. He told us to proceed with caution. 他告诉我们要谨慎行事You should exercise extreme caution when driving in fog. 在雾中开车

12、时你要极为小心。I must caution you against the danger. 面对危险时我一定会警告你。We urged caution. 我们特别提出要小心谨慎。We were cautioned not to drive too fast. 人家提醒我们车不要开得太快。8. Our optimism and faith in Shackleton had helped us persevere in staying alive .乐观和对沙克尔顿的信任帮助我们坚持顽强地活了下来。解析：persevere vi. 坚持；忍耐，后面常接 in 或 with。e.g. He pe

13、rsevered in his studies. 他孜孜不倦地学习。She persevered with her piano lessons.她持之以恒地努力学钢琴。9. He had repaid us by his commitment to return and save us from a slow but painful death.他给我们的回报则是承诺返回岛上，并且把我们从缓慢而又痛苦的死亡中解救出来。解析：1）repay 回报, 报答; 偿还 repay sb. for sth. repay sb. with / by doing sth. e.g. When do you

14、think you will be able to repay us?你认为你什么时候能回报我们？I couldnt find a way of repaying the familys kindness. 我不知该如何报答这一家人的好意。Well never be able to repay you for everything youve done for us. 我们永远也无法报答你为我们所做的一切。She tried to be a good teacher, and the students repaid her with their love and respect.她努力做一名好

15、老师，她的学生用对她的爱和尊敬去回报她。After I have done so much for you, how can you repay me by lying to me?我为你付出这么多，你怎么能用谎话来回报我?2）commitment 承诺; 责任; 约束e.g. Weve made a commitment to help, and we will.我们已经答应帮忙，我们一定说到做到。I cant do this job right now because of other commitments. 因为还有别的事要做，目前我不能做这项工作。He couldnt go on h

16、oliday with us because of work commitments. 他公务缠身, 不能和我们一起去度假。二. 词汇积累1. The smell is, as usual, almost unbearable.味道几乎让人无法忍受。unbearable adj. 无法忍受的e.g. The heat outside is unbearable.外面的热气让人无法忍受。Loneliness in a gloomy raining day is unbearable to him.在阴郁的下雨天他难以忍受寂寞。2. As I think of this, a black blan

17、ket drops and covers me, almost blocking out the memories of happier times. 正想到这儿，一条黑毛毯掉下来把我盖住，几乎把美好时光的记忆封闭了。block out vt. 封闭e.g. That wall blocks out all the light.那堵墙把光线都遮住了。3. I feel breathless as I remembered my rotten toes that had to be removed when they became blackened from frostbite. 一想到由于冻

18、伤变黑而必须截去的腐烂的脚趾头，我就感到喘不过气来。1）breathless adj. 喘不过气来的 = out of breathe.g. I was completely breathless when I got to the top of the mountain.当我到达山顶上时，我已经上气不接下气了。I met him in a hot and breathless afternoon.我是在一个又闷又热的下午遇到他的。2）blacken vi. 变黑；变暗 vt. 使变黑；使变暗e.g. The commandos blackened their faces with charc

19、oal. 突击队员用木炭把脸涂黑。 4. Our circumstances are so desperate 我们的境况让人绝望circumstance n. 环境，详情，境况e.g. Circumstances forced us to change our plans.客观情况迫使我们改变了计划。He was forced by the circumstances to do this.他做此事是为环境所迫。What are his circumstances?他的经济状况如何? The circumstances of this case are unusual这件案子的情况很不寻常。

20、拓展in / under no circumstances “决不；无论如何也不”e.g. Under no circumstances will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.中国决不首先使用核武器。She wont give up in any circumstances. 在任何情况下她都不会屈服。inunder the circumstances“在这种情况下；因为这种情况”。e.g. Its amazing that they did so well under the circumstances.在这种情况下，他们做的如此漂亮是

21、非常惊人的。5. I believe Shackleton must have mourned this unexpected end to his expedition. 我相信沙克尔顿肯定会对这次探险意想不到的结局感到痛心。mourn v. 哀悼, 忧伤e.g. The old woman still mourns for her sons death.这位老太太还在为儿子的死伤。People wore crapes to mourn their leader.人们戴着黑纱哀悼他们的领袖。6. , he made an urgent announcement that we must sa

22、ve only essential supplies 他紧急宣布我们必须抢出基本给养urgent adj. 急迫的, 紧急的e.g. This work is not urgent; we can do it tomorrow.这个工作不急；我们可以明天做它。Theyve made an urgent request for international aid.他们紧急请求国际援助。It is urgent that food and clothing (should) be sent to the sufferers.急需将食物和衣服送给灾民。Im afraid something urge

23、nt has come up; I wont be able to see you tonight.很抱歉, 有些急事; 今晚不能见你了。7. He described it as vital for keeping us cheerful. 他把它描述成让我们保持精神振奋的关键。1）vital adj. 生命的; 至关重要的; 生气勃勃的e.g. The heart performs a vital bodily function.心脏起着维持生命的重要作用。The government saw the introduction of new technology as vital.政府认为

24、引进新技术至关重要。The leaders vital and cheerful manner filled his men with courage.指挥官朝气蓬勃和欢欣愉悦的神态使士兵们勇气倍增。 2）cheerful adj. 愉快的，高兴的e.g. She remained cheerful throughout the trip.她整个旅途都是高兴的。Whether (she is) sick or fine, she is always cheerful.不管她生不生病, 她总是开开心心的。8. His perseverance won our complete faith in

25、him.他的顽强精神赢得了我们对他的完全信赖。faith n. 信任, 信仰e.g. I kept faith with him.我信守了对他的诺言。He has great talent, but he has lost his faith.他很有天赋, 但是他已经丧失了信心。The disaster caused him to waver in his faith.这件灾难使他对信仰发生了动摇。Belief in a life after death is the keystone of her religious faith.她的宗教信仰的基础是相信死后有来生。9. He was alw

26、ays honest with us (as in the advertisement) and never gave away to disappointment, even when the ship sank.他对我们也总是坦诚相待（就像广告中那样），他从不灰心丧气，从不放弃，甚至当轮船沉下去也是如此。give way to 让路；让步e.g. The government has no signs of giving way to the kidnappers demands. 政府没有任何迹象表示向绑架者的要求让步。In some western countries, drivers

27、 often give way to cyclists and pedestrians. 在一些西方国家，司机经常给骑自行车的人和行人让路。Over the next few years, our current computer network will give way to even more modern technology. 在未来几年，我们目前的电脑网络将会被更现代的技术代替。10. Soon Shackleton set out the framework for life here 不久沙克尔顿给我们这里的生活列出了规矩framework n. 结构, 骨架, 架构e.g.

28、Its a bridge of steel framework.那是座钢铁结构的桥梁。All the cases can be considered within the framework of the existing rules.一切情况都可依据现行章程的结构加以考虑。11. , no differences in rank or in social status.，取消级别和社会地位上的差异。rank n. 等级, 排, 阶级 v. 排列, 归类于, 列于e.g. He is above me in rank.他的级别比我高。This tennis player ranked thir

29、d in the world.这位网球运动员排名世界第三。A general ranks a captain.将军的级别比上尉高。Where/How do you rank Karpov as a chess player?你把卡尔波夫列为哪一级的棋手?12. He would select five others to go to South Georgia and bring help.他挑选其他五个人去南乔治亚救援。select adj. 精选的 n. 被挑选的人或物 v. 选择, 精选e.g. A select group were invited to the wedding rec

30、eption. 一群经过挑选的人士被邀请参加婚宴。This is a very select area; you have to be rich to live here.这是一个精选的区域；你要很富有才能住在这里。She selected a diamond ring from the collection.她从收藏品中挑选了一枚钻石戒指。 Our shops select only the very best quality produce.我们商店都是精选的质量最高的产品。choose， select， elect， pick 的区别这些动词都指从一些可能性中做出选择。choose 含有

31、运用判断力在一些人、物或行为方式中选出一个的意思：“We do not choose survival as a value; it chooses us” (B.F. Skinner). “并不是我们把生存作为一种价值而选择了它；而是它选择了我们”（B·F·斯基纳）。select 侧重于从许多不同种类中进行选择时的挑剔态度：Four skiers will be selected to represent each country. 每个国家将选出四名滑雪者作为代表。elect 强烈地暗示着通常在两者之间做出挑选时的深思细想：I elected not to go. 我决

32、定不去。pick 和select 一样，表示选择时的小心谨慎： “Not only do I knock em out, I pick the round”(Muhammad Ali).“我不但能击倒，我还能挑选在哪一回合击倒” （默罕默德·阿里）Please pick a good book for me.请为我挑一本好书。13. I will never forget watching the little boat disappear through the booming waves in to the stormy ocean. 我永远也不会忘记眼看着小船从哗哗作响的波浪中

33、消失在波涛汹涌的大洋里的情景。boom n. 繁荣, 隆隆声 v. 急速发展e.g. Its a boom year this year.今年是繁荣昌盛的一年。The oil market is enjoying a boom石油市场欣欣向荣。Technology is a booming sector of the economy.技术是一个迅速发展的经济部门。 He made his pile during the property boom.在房地产生意兴隆期间他发了大财。14. We who remained on Elephant Island swore that we would

34、 do as he advocated.留在大象岛上的人发誓要按他所主张的那样做。swear v. 意为“宣誓；发誓”，后接不定式或从句作宾语；也可表示“诅咒，咒骂”。常构成：swear by以 发誓；swear at 咒骂，诅咒；swear black is white 把黑的说成白的。e.g. Miss Yang swore never to let out the secret. 杨女士发誓绝不将此秘密泄露出去。 I dont know anything about this, I swear. 我发誓我一点也不知道这件事。When the host team lost the game

35、, a number of fans began to swear. 当主场球队输了比赛后，许多球迷开始咒骂起来。The boss often swears at his workers, sometimes for no reason at all. 老板经常骂他的员工, 有时毫无理由。 I swore by the name of God that what I had told you was quite true. 我以上帝的名义发誓，我和你说的绝对是真的。advocate n. 提倡者, 拥护者 v. 主张, 提倡e.g. They advocated the use of forc

36、e.他们提倡要动用武力。I advocate a policy of gradual reform.我拥护逐步改革的政策。He advocates reducing military spending.他主张削减军费开支。Do you advocate banning cars in the city centre?你支持禁止汽车在市中心通行这一主张吗?三. 句型积累1. It is / was . that / who / whom . 强调句型2. It must have seemed like.3. It is / was no wonder that.4. It is / was c

37、onsidered a great honor to do sth.5. “with +宾语+动词-ing形式(短语)”表伴随。6. How could I become as . as.! 我怎么能变得像一样呢？7. . so . that.8. Just as I am about to do.9. It is / was not for long.1. Mary worked here as a _ secretary and ended up getting a full-time job with the company. A pessimistic B temporary C pr

38、evious D cautious解析：句意“玛丽此前在这里做临时性的秘书工作，最后在公司得到了一份全职工作”。考查形容词辨析。pessimistic 悲观的； temporary 临时的； previous 先前的； cautious 小心的。根据语境，选B。答案： B2. -Jack, you seem in high spirits. -_We won the match 4-0. A Guess what? B So what? C No wonder. D No doubt解析：句意“-杰克，你好像很高兴。-猜猜怎么了？我们以4:0的比分赢得了比赛”。考查交际用语。Guess wha

39、t? 猜猜怎么了？ So what? 那有怎么样？ No wonder. 难怪 No doubt 毫无疑问。根据句意，选A。答案： A3. I dont want to _ exactly how the system works. A give in B give up C give away D give off解析：句意“我不想精确地透露该系统是如何运行的”。考查动词短语。give in 屈服；give up 放弃； give away 泄露、透漏；give off 释放。根据句意，选C。答案： C4. The police were seeking more information t

40、o find out _the rich merchant. A who was it that killed B who it was that killed C it was who killed D who was it killed解析：句意“警察正搜寻更多信息以查出是谁杀害了这位富商”。考查强调句型。特殊疑问句的强调句型形式是“特殊疑问词+is /was +it +that”。find out 后接who引导的宾语从句，应该用陈述语序。答案： B5. The children _ lost in the woods; otherwise, they would have been a

41、t the lakeside camp as sheduled. A must have got B must get C should have got D should get解析：句意“孩子们肯定在树林里迷路了，否则他们就会按照计划回到湖边营地了”。根据 would have been可知语境指的是过去，排除B和D。A：肯定已、；C：本应该做（而未做）。答案： A基础演练I. 根据下列各句句意及所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出各单词的正确形式。1. The smoke has b_ the white walls of the kitchen.2. He _ (冒险) his life

42、to save a little girl from drowning.3. A s_ person always thinks about himself.4. She expressed her _ (感激) to me for inviting her to dinner.5. After reading the text again, I finally g_ the main points of the story.II. 用所给单词的适当形式填空。1. He has been brought in to _ (strength) the defense.2. The wood wa

43、s so _ (rot) that you could put your finger through it.3. Although in great need of money, she remained _ (cheer) throughout the trip.4. His temper has been _ (change) this week, so dont annoy him.5. He is easily _ (courage) by difficulties and obstacles.6. Its very cold today; the temperature has d

44、ropped to _ (freeze) point.III. 用适当的介词填空。1. Have you ever communicated _ someone you fancied by body language and reading each others thoughts?2. I have to say that honestly, while I felt the spirit and presence of God, I had no faith _ religion.3. The barren land has been turned _ fertile fields.4.

45、 This story reminds me _ my childhood.5. It is _ great excitement that Joe takes this opportunity to announce that he will act as Director of Racer.Keys:I. 1. blackened2. ventured 3. selfish 4. gratitude 5. graspedII. 1. strengthen 2. rotten 3. cheerful 4. changeable 5. discouraged 6. freezingIII. 1

46、. with 2. in 3. into 4. of 5. with巩固提高根据括号内的提示翻译下列句子。1. 在这种情况下, 他觉得无法接受这项工作。(under the circumstances)2. 我的外套不在那儿，准是有人拿错了。(must have done)3. 急需将食物和衣服送给灾民。(It is urgent that .)4. 冬天过去, 春天来到。白天越来越长了。(give way to)5. 许多人主张增设医院。(advocate)6. 我建议你做出这个决定，因为这是合法的。(advocate)7. 在电影放映过程中他感到及其无聊，因为那部电影是那么愚蠢可笑。(bo

47、red)8. 那块肉散发出一股臭味，因为它变质了。(give off)9. 她是一位值得尊敬的人，她总是把别人的需求放在第一位。(admirable)10. 如果你说那件事是真的，你得发誓保证你是在说实话。(swear)11. 难怪他不饿，他整天都在吃糖果。（It is no wonder that.）12. 毫无疑问司机应对这场交通事故负责。（There is no doubt that.）Keys:1. Under the circumstances, he felt unable to accept the job. 2. My coat isnt there. Someone must

48、 have taken it by mistake. 3. It is urgent that food and clothing (should) be sent to the sufferers. 4. As winter gave way to spring, the day became longer and longer. 5. Many people advocate building more hospitals.6. I would advocate that you make this decision because it is legal.7. He was extrem

49、ely bored during the film show because it was so silly.8. That meat is giving off a bad smell because it is bad / rotten.9. She is an admirable person who always puts other peoples needs first.10. If you say it is true, you must swear you are telling the truth.11. It is no wonder (that) he is not hu

50、ngry; he has been eating sweets all day. 12. There is no doubt that the driver is to blame for the traffic accident.一. 选词填空A组：Use the words or expressions in the box to fill in the description of the journey from the pack ice to Elephant Island written by one survivor. faith cheerful mourn anyhow st

51、ruggle unbearable circumstance sickness give awayApril 16th, 1916Moving to Elephant Island was a dangerous undertaking, but it was not our first. We had _1_ onto the ice to make camp when the Endurance was stuck.The ice constantly broke up at night because of the warmth of our bodies and we often dr

52、opped into the freezing water while sleeping. Though we were in an _2_ situation, we tried to make our daily life _3_ with singing and making fun of each other. Our _4_ improved when we saw the solid land of Elephant Island appear on the horizon. Shackleton gave us no time to _5_ the failure of our

53、expedition. He encouraged us all with advice to prevent _6_. Without his _7_ that we would indeed survive, we might all _8_ to despair. _9_ we prepared to follow his advice and on this day climbed into the three small open boats ready for the journey.B 组：Complete the story of Gou Jian using thewords below in the correct form. One word is used twice. suffering bitter vital select unbearable celebration recoverGou Jian, King of Yue, was captured by his enemy, Fu Chai, the King of Wu. His _10_ lasted for three _11_ years, which to him seemed like a l