定语从句讲解(关系代词的用法)

1、Unit1schoollifeGrammar(1)定语从句(AttributiveClause)I根据初中所学知识，请用红笔标出下列表格中的定语前置定语后置定语mybookaholidayofsevendaysaseven-dayholidaysomethingimportantagoodholidayacountrydevelopingfastatoyfactoryabookwrittenbyLuXunadevelopingcountryabooktobepublishedadevelopedcountryabookwhichwaswrittenbyJ.K.Rowlingn定语从句的定义及其

2、作用：定语从句是又称形容词性从句，在句子中起定语作用，修饰一个名词或代词，有时也可修饰一个句子.受定语从句修饰的词叫先行词.定语从句的作用和作定语的形容词、介词词组、分词词组相似，有时可以相互转换，例如：金发女孩可译作ablondegirl,agirlwithblondehair或agirlwhohasblondehair。定语从句通常由关系代词that/which/who/whom/which/as或关系副词when/where/why引导，这些词既指代主句中要说明的名词或代词，又充当从句中的某个句子成分。定语从句可分为：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。定语从句一般都紧跟在它所修饰名词后面

3、，所以如果在名词或代词后面出现一个从句，根据它与前面名词或代词的逻辑关系来判断是否是定语从句。m定语从句的必备三要素ThisisabookwhichwaswrittenbyJ.K.Rowling.1先行词2关系词3关系词在从句中充当成分箕词或代词)relative pron. (as sub. ,obj. ,pred.)(that 指人或物 / which 指物 / who(m)指人/ whose)relative adv. (as adverbial)(when / where / why)找出下列句中的定语从句；分析定语从句三要素1. Youaretherightmanwhomwearel

4、ookingfor.2. I'vespentallthemoneythatwasgivenbymyparents.3. IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheparty.4. Thisisthefactorywherethemachinesaremade.W关系代词的用法:关系代词例句that在从句中作主语或宾语指物1） Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.（作主语）2） Thenoodles（that）Icookedweredelicious.（作宾语）指人1） Whoisthemanthatisreadingthebookover

5、there?（作主语）2） Thegirl（that）wesawyesterdaywasJim'ssiste作宾语）which在从句中作主语或兵语指物1） Theyplantedthetreeswhichdidn'tneedmuchwat酢主语）2） Thefish（which）weboughtwerenotfresh.（作宾语）who,whom在从句中分别作主语或宾语指人1） TheforeignerwhovisitedourclassyesterdayisfromCanada.（主语）2） TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledTom.（作主语）3）

6、 ThepersontowhomyoujusttalkedisMr.Li.（作宾语）4） Mrs.Readisthepersontowhomyoushouldwrite.（作宾语）whose（所有格）在定语从句中作定语指人whatisthenameoftheboywhosefatherisarailwayworker?物Pleaseshowmethebookwhosecoverisblack.V课堂练习1找出下列各句中的定语从句，并分析其先行词：1 Thefanthatyouwantisonthedesk.2 Thewomanyousawintheparkisourgeographyteach

7、er.3 Hereisthegirlwhosebrotherworksinthisshop.4 That'sthechildwhosedrawingwewerelookingatjustnow.5 Thisistheboywhosesisterisafamoussinger.2把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句1. Themanisinthenextroom.Hebroughtourtextbookshereyesterday.2. Themagazineismine.Hehastakenitaway.3. Thestudentswillnotpasstheexam.They

8、don'tstudyhard.4. Theletterisfrommysister.Ireceivedityesterday.5. Theplaywaswonderful.Wesawitlastnight.6. Thetrainwaslate.ItwasgoingtoNanning.Grammar(2)I修饰物体时关系代词that和which的区分使用that的情况：1 .当先行词是nothing,something,anything,all,each,little,few,none,theone等词时。e.g.Doyouhaveanythingthatisimportanttotel

9、lme?2 .当先行词被all,any,some,no,not,every,each等修饰时。e.g.Ihavesomebooksthatareverygood.3 .当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词所修饰时。e.g.ThisisthefirstbookthatIboughtmyself.ThebiggestbirdthatIcaughtisthisbird.4 .主句是以which或who开头的特殊疑问句时e.g.Whichisthebikethatyoulost?Whoisthewomanthatwaspraisedatthemeeting.5 .当先行词在从句和主句中都作表语时，无论先行词

10、是人还是物.e.g.Chinaisnolongerthecountrythatshewas.6 .如有两个定语从句，其中一个已用which引导，另一个宜用that.e.g.Edisonbuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.7 .在therebe句型中，只用that.e.g.Heaskedforthelatestbook(that)thereisonthesubject.8 .当先行词被thevery,thelast,thenext,theonly等词修饰时。e.g.ThisistheverybookthatIl

11、ostyesterday.9 .当先行词又有人又有物时。e.g.Iwon'tforgetthethingsandthepersonsthatIsaw.只能使用which的情况。1、非限制性定语从句中。e.g.Shelostthegame,whichdepressedherreally.2、在介词之后。e.g.Thisisahouseinwhichlivesanoldman.Shehascollected600stamps,60%ofwhichareGermanstamps.3、当主句中的主语被that修饰时。e.g.ThatdogwhichIfoundinthestreetbelong

12、stoMary.Fillintheblankswithsuitablerelativepronouns.1. ThisistheonlybookIgotlastyear.2. Isthisthebookinyouareinterested?3. ThisisthelargestanimalTomsawinthezoo.4. Rosestillremembersthetreesandteachersexist(存在)inthemotherschool.5. Allthedesksareboughtlookreallywonderful.6. Doyouhaveanymoneyisusedtobu

13、ildthefactory?7. Tomhasatoy,wasgivenbyhisfather.8. Thisisthesecondwatchmyfatherboughtforme.3 / 5修饰人时关系代词that和who,whom的区分。1当主句中的主语是who时，只能用that。e.g.Whoisthegirlthatisstandingoverthere?2. 在非限制性定语从句中以及介词后面时只能用who或者whom。e.g.Ihaveason,whoisreallylovelyandinteresting.Thereare40studentsintheclass,mostofwho

14、mareboys.3. 关系代词whose既能修饰人，也能修饰物，在定语从句中充当定语，修饰先行词。e.g.SheisthegirlwhoseEnglishsoundsverybeautiful.Maryhasaverygooddog,whosehairturnsoutwhiteandblack.Correctmistakesforthefollowingsentences.1. Underthebigtreeare34students,manyofthemcomefromclasstwo.2. Mymotherhasagoodbook,whichcoverlooksterrible.3. W

15、hoaretheyounggirlswhoarehavingdinnerintherestaurant?4. Sheisoneofthegirlswhoisveryinterestedinmaths.5. Tomistheonlyoneoftheboyswholikeplayingfootball.6. Whoisthegirlthatyoutalkedtoherjustnow?7. Thisistheverypenthatyougaveittomebefore.8. Thereisanoldwoman,thatisholdingastick.高考真题1：Isawawomenrunningto

16、wardsmeinthedark.BeforeIcouldrecognizewhoshewas,shehadrunbackinthedirectionshehadcome.A.ofwhichB.bywhichC.inwhichD.fromwhich简析：考查介词关系代词which引导的定语从句。先行词为事物时，关系代词既可用which,也可用that,但介词后的关系代词却只能用which。由于词组为comefrom,故此句应选fromwhich。2：Hewaseducatedatalocalgrammarschool,hewentontoCambridge.A.fromwhichB.afterthatC.afterwhichD.fromthis简析：考查介词关系代词which引导的定语从句。句意是上完中学后到剑桥大学深造，所以应选afterwhich。如果在空格前加上and,那么就要选B。3：TheEnglishplaymystudentsactedattheNewYearspartywasagreatsuccess.A.forwhichB.