Lesson3DieselEngineConstruction1

1、Lesson 3 Diesel Engine Construction (1)第3 课 柴油机结构(1)Bedplate and Frame机座和机架The bedplate, which in most cases is of the welded design, is bolted to the seating which forms a part of the double bottom of the ship.在大多数情况下机座是焊接结构，用螺栓固定在构成船舶双层底的底座上。It is secured in the transverse direction by means of bo

2、lts known as side-chock bolts and in longitudinal direction by means of end-chock bolts.它在横向借助于侧楔垫螺栓，在纵向借助于端楔垫螺栓固定。The crankshaft rests in bearings built into cross girders of the bedplate. These bearings, known as main bearings曲轴安放在机座横梁的轴承上，这些轴承称作主轴承。each consists of two shells which are supported

3、in housings machined in the bedplate and secured by means of studs and bearing caps每个轴承由两块轴瓦组成，两块轴瓦由在机座上加工出的瓦座支撑，用双头螺栓和轴承盖固定The thrust block or thrust bearing, located at the aft end of the engine, may be integral with, or separate from the bedplate.即推力轴承位于发动机的尾部，可同机座制成一体，也可同机座分开。On the flat upper s

4、urface of the bedplate are arranged a number of A-shaped frames or entablatures which may be manufactured of cast iron or fabricated steel. The frames are mounted on and bolted to the bedplate cross girders.在机座上平面装有若干铸铁或锻钢制成的A形机架，机架安装在机座的横梁上，并用螺栓固定。At the top of the A-frames there is a strong cast i

5、ron frame called the scavenging air boxA 形机架顶部有一个结实的框架结构叫扫气箱which is built of a number sections provided with vertical flanges enabling them to be bolted together to form a block for 1-3 cylinders in front of the chain transmission, and a block with 4-6 cylinders aft of the chain transmission.该扫气箱分若

6、干段，每段均带有垂直法兰，通过螺栓可将它们在链传动装置前13 缸的部分连成一体，链传动装置后4 缸6 缸的部分连成一体。The chain transmission, forming the connection between the crankshaft and the camshaft, is enclosed in a cast iron casing known as the chain drive casing.链传动装置将曲轴和凸轮轴连在一起，封闭在链传动箱的壳体内。Cylinders and covers气缸和气缸盖On top of scavenging air box is

7、 mounted strong cast iron frame for each cylinder.在扫气箱上部，每个气缸装有一个坚固的铸铁框架。These frames are known as cylinder blocks or cooling jackets, which are provided with vertical flanges enabling them to be bolted together in the foremost and aftmost groups in the same way as the scavenging air boxes.这些框架称作气缸体

8、或冷却水套，并带有垂直法兰，与扫气箱一样，可用螺栓将各框架连成首尾一组。The bedplate, frames and cylinder blocks are secured together by long tie-rods to achieve a greater rigid construction with less deformation in service and lower vibration.机座、机架和气缸体用长贯穿螺栓连到一起，形成一个较大的坚实结构，减少了使用时产生的变形及振动。The cylinder liners are made of alloyed cast

9、iron and the cylinder surfaces are sometimes chromium-plated.气缸套由铸铁制造，缸套表面有时镀铬。The cylinder liners are extend somewhat down in the scavenging air box气缸套有些向下延伸到扫气箱and sealing between the liner and the top of the scavenging air box is achieved by the rubber rings fitted into the slots machine-turned i

10、n the liners.缸套与扫气箱顶部的密封由橡胶圈实现，橡胶圈安装在缸套上切削的环槽内。In the part of the cylinder liner inside the scavenging air box there is a series of openings known as scavenging air ports.在气缸套伸入扫气箱内的部位有一列开口就是所谓的扫气口。These ports are located at such a height that they are just exposed by the upper edge of the piston wh

11、en the piston is in the bottom dead-centre position.气口的高度是这样布置的，当活塞位于下止点时，活塞上缘刚好打开气口。The ports are drilled in the liners at an angle of approx. 20°, the result being that the scavenging air is given a rotary movement.气口在缸套上以大约200的倾角钻成，其结果是使扫气旋转。Each cylinder is closed at the top by a cylinder c

12、over, made of a special heat-resistant steel, the cover is mounted against a flat surface at the top of the cylinder liner and located on the liner by means of a machine-turned guide edge.缸盖装在缸套顶部的平面上，并由机械加工的凸肩定位。密封圈嵌入在缸盖锥形部分车削的环槽中。A sealing ring is inserted in a groove turned in the conical part of

13、 the cover. The fitting of the sealing ring in the conical surface must be carried out with great care. The cylinder covers and the liners are bolted together by means of studs screwed onto the cylinder frames.将密封圈嵌入锥形面时必须十分小心。气缸盖和气缸套用旋入缸体中的双头螺栓固定。The cylinder liner has drillings for cylinder lubric

14、ation, and, in later types, has drillings for cooling water at the uppermost part of it.缸套上有钻孔，用于润滑，新型的缸套在其最上部钻孔用于冷却。In each cylinder cover is a large central opening for mounting the exhaust valve, and two or three holes for the fuel valves.每个缸盖上有一个大型的中心孔，用于安装排气阀，还有两到三个用于装喷油器The cylinder cover is a

15、lso provided with holes for: the starting valve; the safety valve; the indicator cock; the cooling water inlet and the cooling water outlet to the exhaust valve cooling chamber.还有些孔用来安装起动阀、安全阀、示功阀，以及排气阀冷却水腔的进出口。 B.Multiple Choice选择题Questions 15 are based on paragraphs 13.根据课文第1-3段回答问题，1-51.How is th

16、e bedplate secured in the longitudinal direction? 机座在纵向上是如何固定的?答素.AA.By means of end-chock bolts. 借助于端楔垫螺栓B.By means of tie bolts. 借助于系紧螺栓。C.By means of side-bolts. 借助于侧螺栓D.By means of through bolts. 借助于贯穿螺栓2.How are the two shells of the main bearing fixed? 主轴承的两片轴瓦是如何固定的?答素;AA.By means of studs an

17、d bearing caps. 用双头螺栓和轴承盖固定B.By means of bolts. 用螺栓固定。C.By means of studs and nuts. 用双头螺栓和螺母固定D.By means of through bolts用贯穿螺栓固定。.3.Which of the following is true about the thrust block? 下列关于推力块的表述哪个是正确的?答案;BA.It is located at the fore end of the engine. 它位于发动机的前端B.It can be an independent part. 它可以

18、是独立的部件C.It is always an integral part of the bedplate. 它总是机座整体的一部分D.It is used to transfer the thrust to the engine. 它用于将推力传递给发动机。4.A number of cylinder liners are enclosed in one cast iron casing to form a . 若干缸套装在一个铸铁的箱体内形成了一个_。答案;BA.cylinder cover气缸盖B.cylinder block气缸体C.cylinder fra机座me气缸架D.bedpl

19、ate机座5.The chain transmission, forming the connection between and the camshaft, is enclosed in the chain drive casing. 链传动装置将_和凸轮轴连接在一起，封闭在链传动箱的壳体内。答案BA.the turning gear盘车机B.the crankshaft曲轴C.the connecting rod连杆D.the piston rod活塞杆Questions 6 - 10 are based on paragraphs 4 - 7.根据课文第4 -7段回答问题6-106.Wh

20、at is the function of tie rods? 贯穿螺栓的作用是什么?答素:CA.To fix the cylinder covers and the liners together. 将缸盖和缸套固定在一起B.To support the cylinder. 支撑气缸。C.To secure the bedplate，frames and cylinder blocks together. 将机座、机架和气缸体固定在一D.To stiffen the foundation of the engine. 加固发动机的基础。7.Where are the scavenging a

21、ir ports located? 扫气口在哪个部位?答素;DA.They are located at such a height that they are just exposed by the upper edge of the piston when the piston is in the TDC position. .扫气口的高度是这样布置的，当活塞位于上止点时，活塞上沿刚好打开气口。B.They are located in the upper part of the liner. 扫气口位于缸套的上部C.They are located close to the cylind

22、er cover. 扫气口靠近缸盖D.They are located in the part of the cylinder liner inside the scavenging air box. 扫气口位于气缸套伸人扫气箱内的部位。8.How is sealing between the liner and the top of the scavenging air box achieved? .缸套和扫气箱顶部的密封是如何实现的?0素-CA.It is achieved by washers. 通过垫片实现。B.It is achieved by stuffing box. 通过填料箱

23、实现C.It is achieved by the rubber rings fitted into the slots machine-turned in the liners通过缸套上车削环槽内安装的橡皮环实现。.D.It is achieved by sealing rings fitted into the slots in the scavenging air box. 通过在扫气箱环槽内安装密封环实现。9.Why are the scavenging ports drilled in the liners at a certain angle? 扫气口为什么要以一定的角度钻在缸套上

24、?答案:AA.Because in this way the scavenging air is given a rotary movement. 因为这种方式可使扫气旋转B.Because the scavenging air will flow into the cylinder at an angle of 20 degree. 因为扫气会以20“的角度流人气缸。C.Because the scavenging air will flow straightly into the cylinder. 因为扫气会直接流人气缸D.Because the amount of the scaven

25、ging air will be controlled. 因为可以控制扫气量。10.What is the strong cast iron frame called which is mounted on top of the scavenging air box for each cylinder? 在扫气箱上部，每个气缸安装的坚固的铸铁框架是什么?答案;AA.Cooling jacket. 冷却水套B.Cylinder liner. 气缸套C.Piston crown. 活塞头D.Cylinder cover. 气缸盖Questions 11-14 are based on paragr

26、aphs 8-10. 根据课文第8-10段回答问题11-1411.What is the cylinder cover made of? .缸盖是由什么材料制成的?答素:CA.Cast iron. 铸铁B.Cast steel. 铸钢。C.Special heat-resistant steel. 特殊耐热钢。D.Forged steel. 锻钢12.How is the cylinder cover mounted? .缸盖是如何安装的?答案.AA.It is pressed onto the flange of the cylinder liner by means of nuts and

27、 studs. 压在缸套的台肩上并用螺母和双头螺栓固定。B.It is secured to the cylinder liner by welding. 通过焊接的方式固定在缸套上C.The cylinder cover and the liner are forged together. 缸盖和缸套锻造在一起D.The cylinder cover is screwed into the liner. 缸盖拧人缸套内。13.There are many valves in the cylinder cover. What are they? 缸盖上有许多阀，分别是哪些阀?答素.BA.The

28、y are the exhaust valve，the fuel valves，the starting valve and the air inlet ports. 有排气阀、燃油阀、启动阀和进气口。B.They are the exhaust valve，the fuel valves，the starting valve，the safety valve and the indicator cock. .有排气阀、燃油阀、启动阀、安全阀和示功阀C.They are the exhaust valve，the fuel valves，the purge valve，the safety v

29、alve and the indicator cock. 有排气阀、燃油阀、驱气阀、安全阀和示功阀。D.They are the exhaust valve，the fuel valves，the starting valve，the safety valve and the air release valve. 有排气阀、燃油阀、启动阀、安全阀和放气阀。14.Which of the following statements is not true concerning the cylinder liner? 下列关于缸套的表述哪个是不正确的?0素.CA.The bore of each c

30、ylinder is formed in a liner which can be replaced when worn out. 每个缸的缸套内有空，缸套磨损时可以更换B.The cylinder liner has drillings for cylinder lubrication. 缸套上有用于气缸润滑的钻孔。C.In later types，the cylinder liner has drillings for cooling water at the lowermost part of it. 新型的缸套在其最下部还有钻孔用于冷却水。D.The cylinder liners o

31、f the main engine are usually made of heat-resistant and wearable cast iron. 主机的缸套通常由耐热和耐磨铸铁制造。Task 2Vocabulary and Structure任务2词汇与结构A. Technical Terms A.专业术语Translate the following into Chinese.1.主轴承 2.推力块 3.铸铁 4.扫气箱5.链传动 6.气缸冷却水套 7.贯穿螺栓 8.橡皮环 9.下止点 10.缸盖 11缸套 12.密封环13.示功阀 14.安全阀1.main bearing 2.th

32、rust block 3.cast iron 4.scavenging air box 5.chain transmission 6.cylinder cooling jacket 7.tie rod 8.rubber ring 9.bottom dead center 10.cylinder cover 11.cylinder liner 12.sealing ring 13.indicator cock 14.safety valve B.Active Words常用词Complete the following sentences by filling in the blanks wit

33、h the words in the table. Change the form of the words if necessary.从框中选词完成句子。如有必要改变词的形式。boltsecurerestarrangemountenableencloselocateexposeinsert1.Individual cast iron cylinder blocks are together to form a rigid unit.1 .bolted 单个铸铁的气缸体用螺栓固定在一起形成一个坚实的单元。2.All deck machinery is to the most severe as

34、pects of the elements. 2. exposed 所有的甲板机械都处于最严酷的天气条件下。3.The propeller is fitted onto a taper on the tailshaft and a key may be between the two.3 .inserted 螺旋桨安装于尾轴的锥形部分上，它们之间插上键。4.The rotating face of the after seal is usually to the propeller boss.4. secured 后部密封的旋转面通常固定在桨毅上。5.This data will IMO an

35、d National Authorities to develop realistic legislation.5. enable 这些数据使国际海事组织和国家主管部门能够研究实际法规。6.Carbon bushes on these rings as they rotate and collect the current for use in an external circuit.rest 当滑环旋转时，碳刷落在滑环上，收集电流用于外部电路。7.The complete boiler is in a pressurised casing.enclosed 整个锅炉处于一个压力箱体内。8.Fully automatic controls are provided and in a control panel at the side of the b