非谓语动词学案+答案

1、语法复习专题七 非谓语动词一、非谓语动词的分类不定式 (to do)非动名词v-ingas n.谓现在分语as adj. or adv. 词v-ed过去分词二、非谓语动词的语法功能及时态、语态1、句法功能种类在句中的作用不定式 to do主语宾语表语定语状语补语动名词 doing主语宾语表语定语分词现在分词 doing表语定语状语补语过去分词 done2、时态、语态形式类别时态 形式时态概念主动式被动式to do一般式谓语动作之后to doto be done完成式谓语动作之前to have doneto have been done进行式与谓语动作同时发生to be doingdoing一般

2、式与谓语动作几乎同时doingbeing done完成式谓语动作之前having donehaving been donedone发生了、完成了done三、非谓语动词的使用条件一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词） , 又没有连词的情况下 , 还有别 的动词出现时，这些动词就充当了非谓语动词。Ex. 1: 找出下列句子中的非谓语动词（含短语） 。1. Tom returned from the manager s office, telling methat the boss wantedto see me at once.2. The news meeting, to be held i

3、n that hall, has already been crowded with reporters.3. I heard the girl singing in the classroom.4. The man talking with my father is Mr. Wang.5. To live is to struggle. （ 生活就是斗争。 ）四、非谓语动词的用法 非谓语三种基本形式表达的意义? Seeing from the top of the hill, we find the park is beautiful.主动 ,进行? Please keep quiet in

4、 the reading room.性质? Founded in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the US. 被动, 完成? We see fallen leaves on the ground.完成? Dressed in red, she looks more beautiful.状态? We are invited to a party to be held next Friday.将来? We plant many trees to make our city green.目的表达意义： 动词-ing

5、：主动 , 进行, 性质； 动词-ed ：被动 , 完成, 状态；to do ：将来 , 目的。1、v-ing 作非谓语动词（1）作主语Eg: Seeing is believing.Sending e-mail is increasingly popular.Ex. 2: 请用 v-ing 作主语，把以下句子翻译成英文。1）说太多会给你带来麻烦。2）散步对老年人和年轻人来说都是一种好的运动形式。（2）作宾语Eg: I couldn t help crying when I heard the bad news. mind, suggest, delay, keep on, look forw

6、ard to, enjoy, appreciate, imagine, practice, finish, succeed in, consider, can t help, miss 等动词用 v-ing作宾语。 在表示“需要” 的 need, want 和 require 等后用 v-ing 形式的主动形式表示被动意义 , 也可用不定式的被动式。Eg: This car needs repairing.Or: This car needs to be repaired.Ex. 3: 请把以下句子翻译成英文。1）你介意独处吗？ 2）他没有马上把消息告诉她。3）这种食物要煮过才能吃。（ 3）作

7、表语Eg: The story is so moving. The book is very interesting. Ex. 4: 请把以下句子翻译成英文。1）这个问题真的很令人困惑。2）他的话很让人失望。（4）作定语 Eg: China is a developing country.The kite flying in the sky was made by him. 位置： 1）单个的动词的 -ing 形式做定语，常放在被修饰词前做前置定语。 如： a flying object2）动词的 -ing 形式的短语做定语，常放在被修饰词后做后置定语。如 : an object flying

8、 in the air 如果 -ing 形式与被修饰词是被动关系，就用它的被动式，即 being done, 通常表 示正在被做，常做后置定语。如： the tall building being built now 正在被建的高楼 Ex. 5: 请用 v-ing 作定语，把以下句子翻译成英文。1）这片正被破坏的森林曾经是很迷人的。2）在一中学习的学生数量大约为 8000 人。3）这是一部让人感动的电影。（ 5）v-ing 作状语1）v-ing 短语在句子中作状语，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、方式或伴随动 作等。 表时间Eg: Turning around, she saw a polic

9、e car driving up.Looking out of the window, I saw some children playing football.（When） hearing the news , he couldn t help laughing. 表原因Eg: Being poor , he couldn t go to school.Seeing nobody at home, he left them a note.Not knowing his telephone number , I couldn t get in touch with him.表方式或伴随Eg:

10、She stood, waiting for a bus.He sat there, reading a book.The students ran out of the classroom, talking and laughing.表结果Eg: The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door.Her husband died, leaving her four children.They fired, killing many people in the street.表条件Eg: Using your head,

11、 yo ull find a good way.Working hard , you ll surely succeed.2) 当 v-ing 形式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前时，应使用完成式： having doneEg: Having finished his homework, he rushed out to play basketball.Ex. 6: 用所给词的适当形式填空。1) (not know) much French, they couldn t make th emselvesunderstood when they were in Paris.2) (finish

12、) all work, they went home.3) Sarah pretended to be cheerful, (say) nothing about the argument.4) (gather) around the fire, the tourists danced with the localpeople.5) (look) at my classmates faces, I read the same excitement in theireyes.6) It rained heavily in the south, (cause) serious flooding i

13、n severalprovinces.( 6) v-ing 作宾补 have, leave, keep, see, watch, hear, find, notice, feel, catch等动词及with 介词后可用 v-ing 形式作宾补。Eg: Can you hear a girl singing an English song in the next room now?With his mother helping him, he is getting on well with his work.2、v-ed 作非谓语动词(1) 作表语Eg: We were so bored th

14、at we couldn t help yawning.She felt confused, and even frightened.Ex. 7: 用括号内的词的适当形式填空。1) I m (satisfy) with your answer.2) He is not (interest) in research.(2) 作定语Eg: She has a pleased look on her face.The teacher gave us a satisfied smile.cooked food 熟食；成品 fried eggs 煎鸡蛋；炒蛋frozen food 速冻食品 requir

15、ed courses必修课finished products成品Ex. 8: 用括号内词的适当形式填空。a written report boiled water armed forces fallen leaves a forced smile书面报告；报告书 开水；白开水 武装部队；武装力量 落叶苦笑1) What s the language (speak) in that country?2) They re problems (leave) over by history.3) The play (put on) by the teachers was a big success.4

16、) Is there anybody (injury)?(3) 作状语 Eg: Seen from the hill, the city looks magnificent.They came in, followed by some children.Ex. 9: 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。1) (give) good health, I hope to finish the work this year.2) (depress), he went to see his elder sister.3) When (treat) with kindness, he was very ami

17、able.(4) 作宾补1) 在感官动词后面做宾补常用的感官动词包括： see, notice, watch, hear, listen to, feel, find等。Eg: I can smell something burnt.2) 在使役动词后面做宾补 常用的使役动词有： have, get, make, leave 等。Eg: She had her eyesexamined yesterday.3) 在 with/ without 结构中Eg：With so much work unfinished , I can t leave now.4) 在某些动词之后，相当于省略了 to

18、be 。常见的动词有： want, would like, prefer 等。Eg: The manager wanted the work(to be) finished by 3:00Ex. 10: 用括号里单词的适当形式填空。1) I will have the clothes (wash) tomorrow.2) When they get back home, they found the room (rob).3) He would like the water (boil) before drinking.4) I saw a boy (knock) downby a car j

19、ust now.5) He shouted to make himself (hear).(leave), he cant go on with his6) Without enough money experiment.3、to do 作非谓语动词(1) 不定式作补语 动词+宾语+不定式的结构adviseallowcausechallengecommandcompeldriveenableencourageforbidforceimpelinduceinstructinvitelike/ loveorderpermitmakelethavewantgetwarnpersuaderequest

20、sendtelltrainurgeEg: Father will not allow us to play on the street.The officer ordered his men to fire. 注意：有些动词如 make，have，get ，want 等可用不定式作做宾补，也可用分词 作宾补。现在分词表达主动，也表达正在进行，过去分词表达被动。(2) 不定式作主语不定式作主语，往往用 it 作形式主语，真正的主语不定式放至句子的后面。Eg: Its so nice to hear your voice.Its necessary for you to lock the car

21、when you do not use it.It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. Its for sb.和 Its of sb.这样的句子中，由于表语形容词性质的不同，导致了不定式逻辑主语标志用 for 或 of 的区别。1) for sb. 句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如 easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible 等。Eg: Its very hard for him to study two languages.2) of sb 句型中的

22、形容词一般为表示性格、品德、心智能力、主观感情或态度的形容 词，如 good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。Eg: Its very nice of you to help me.你来帮助我，你真是太好了。(3) 不定式作表语不定式可放在 be 动词后面，形成表语。Eg: My work is to clean the room every day.His dream is to be a doctor.(4) 不定式作定语 不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后，往往表示未发生的动作。 Eg: I have a lot of work to do.The

23、re was nothing to bring home that morning.(5) 不定式作状语1) 目的状语 常用结构为 to do , only to do (仅仅为了 ), in order to do, so as to do, so(such) as to ( 如此以便 )。Eg: He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.I come here only to say good-bye to you.2) 作结果状语，可以表示没有预料到的或事与愿违的结果，不定式要放在句子后面。Eg: I awoke to find my truck

24、gone.He searched the room only to find nothing.3) 表原因Eg: Im glad to see you.She wept to see the sight.4) 表示理由和条件Eg: He must be a fool to say so.You will do well to speak more carefully.(6) 省去 to 的动词不定式1)情态动词(除 ought 外)后。2)使役动词 let, have, make后，感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice, observe, hear, listen

25、to, smell, feel, find等后。注意：被动语态中不能省去 to。I saw him dance.= He was seen to dance.The boss made them work the whole night.= They were made to work the whole night.3) would rather, had better句型后4) Why dont you ./Why not . 句型后Why not try once more? 何不再试一下 ?5) help 后可带 to ，也可不带 to, 如： help sb (to) do sth.

26、6) but 和except 后。but 前是实义动词 do时，后面出现的不定式不带 to 。 比较：He wants to do nothing but go out.He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.7) 由 and, or 和 than 连接的两个不定式，第二个 to 可以省去。8) 通常在 discover, imagine, suppose, think等词后作宾补时，可以省去 to be 。Eg: He is supposed (to be) nice.(7) 不定式的特殊句型 too to too to 太

27、以至于Eg: He is too excited to speak.(8) 不定式的特殊句型 so as to否定式是 so as not to doEg: Get up early so as to catch the bus.Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job.五、v-ing 和 v-ed 的区别从时态和语态两个角度去区分时态语态v-ing进行时主动v-ed过去被动1、作定语a developed country / a developing country a student playing with k

28、nife people fighting against wars a soldier wounded by knife a road covered with snow v-ing 表示动作正在进行或者是主动关系。v-ed 表示已经发生的或者被动关系。2、作状语Seeing from the hill, you can get the whole town. Hearing the good news, we all jumped up with joy. Seen from the hill, the whole town looks beautiful.Given more time,

29、we could finish the job. v-ing 用作状语时 , 和主句的主语构成主动关系。v-ed 用作状语时 , 和主句的主语构成被动关系。3、作宾补They kept me waiting for a long time. He watched the cars coming and going.Mr. Li has Jim standing outside the door.I had my MP3 repaired last week.We heard this song sung in English.No matter how I try, I just cant m

30、ake myself understood by the foreigner. v-ing 用作宾补时 , 和句子中的宾语构成主动关系， 说明宾语一直在做或正在做某 事。v-ed 用作宾补时 , 和句子中的宾语构成被动关系，说明宾语的情况。六、非谓语动词的结题步骤（三大步骤）1. 判断用谓语 / 非谓语 谓语：一般形式 （ 根据一般的时态、语态变化 ） 非谓语： doing/ done/ to do2. 找出逻辑主语3. 选择非谓语动词的形式 （表达意义 ） ： v-ing, v-ed, to do Step 1 是否使用非谓语Ex. 11: 先判断一下句子是否有非谓语动词，再用括号内动词的适

31、当形式填空。1） （ study） hard, you will pass the final exam.2) She got off the bus and (head) for home.3) I think I (be) not strict enough with you.4) Look! The girl (sing) is Alice and the one who(dance)is Mary.小结：一个句子当中，已经存在谓语动词 , 没有从句，又没有连词的情况，那就要非 谓语动词。Ex. 12 ：用 turn 的正确形式填空。1) If you to the left, youl

32、l find the post office.2) to the left, and youll find the post office.3) to the left, youll find the post office. Step 2 找逻辑主语Ex. 13: 观察以下句子，然后填空。1) He sat at the desk, writing a letter.2) Taken good care of, the trees will grow up quickly.3) He sent me an E-mail, hoping to get further information.以

33、 上的 非谓 语动词在句子中充 当的 成分是，它们的 逻辑 主语 是4) The school built 10 years ago is Xiyi Middle school .5) Tell the children playing there not to make so much noise.6) I m calling to ask about the positionadvertised in China Daily.以 上 的 非 谓 语 动 词 在 句 子 中 充 当 的 成 分 是 ， 它 们 的 逻 辑 主 语 是7) I found them painting the w

34、indows.8) I found the windows painted.9) With his friend helping him， he finished his work quickly.以 上 的 非 谓 语 动 词 在 句 子 中 充 当 的 成 分 是 ， 它 们 的 逻 辑 主 语 是。 Step 3 选择非谓语动词的形式Ex. 14 ：用适当的非谓语动词形式填空。1) They went to Shanghai, with their son (leave) to his grandparents.2) They are busy, (prepare) files want

35、ed in the interview.七、独立主格结构 独立主格结构( Absolute Structure )是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独 立结构，用于修饰整个句子。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成 逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，它的位置相当灵活， 可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。需特别注意的是， 独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。 独立主格结构的功能和用法（1）名词 /代词+现在分词Eg: Winter coming, it gets colder and colder.The boy leading the way

36、, we had no trouble finding the strange cave.（2）名词 /代词+过去分词Eg: This done, we went home.Homework finished, the boy went out to play.（3）名词 /代词+不定式Eg: Here are the first two volumes, the third one to come out next month.The two boys said goodbye to each other, one to go home, the other to goto his frie

37、nd s.（4）名词 /代词+形容词Eg: An air accident happened to the lane, nobody alive.So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off.（5）名词 （代词）+副词Eg: The meeting over, our headmaster soon left the meeting room.The lights off, we could not go on with the work.（6）名词 /代词+介词短语Eg: Mary was sitting near the f

38、ire, her back towards the door. 小结： 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。2）两部分之间没有连接词连接。独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。Ex. 15: 选择合适的选项。（ 1）Not far from the school there was a garden, owner seated init playing chess with his little grandson every afternoon.A. its B. whose C. which D. that（ 2 ）He wrote a lot of novels, many

39、 of translated into foreignlanguages.A. it B. them C. which D. that（3）He wrote a lot of novels, many of were translated into foreignlanguages.A. it B. them C. which D. that非谓语动词综合练习、语篇练习My sister, Paula, and her husband, Chris, had just finished 1 （tuck）their young ones into bed one evening when the

40、y heard crying 2 （come）from the children s room. 3 （rush） in, they found Tommy 4 （cry） hysterically （ 歇斯底里地 ）.He had accidentally swallowed a 5p piece and was sure he was going to die. No amount of 5 （talk） could change his mind. Trying to calm him, Chrispalmed a 5p coin that he happened to have in

41、his pocket and pretended 6 (remove) it from Tommy s ear. Tommy, natura lly, was 7 (delight).In a flas h, he snatched it from his father s hand, 8 it and demandedcheerfully “ Do it again, Dad! ”二、写作运用 把普通的句子变成高级的非谓语。1 He is standing there and he is singing.He is standing there, .2 Mary finished her h

42、omework and then she went out to play., Mary went out to play.3The teacher entered the classroom, and he was followed by a group of students.The teacher entered the classroom, .4I m afraid of being laughe d at. I usually keep silent when I meet foreigners.(请用非谓语动词的形式，把以上两个句子合并为一个句子) 三、请用以下动词的适当形式填空1

43、. The sun was setting when my car (break) down near a remote and poorvillage. (2007 年广东)2. While she was getting me (settle) into a tiny but clean room,the head of the village was tyingup his horse to my car topull it toa smalltown some 20 kilometers away where there was a garage.(2007 年广东)3. She wi

44、shed that he was as easy (please) as her mother, who wasalways delighted with perfume.(2009 年广东)4. He spit it out, (say) it was awful.(2010 年广东)5. I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man (sit) at the front.(2011 年广东)6. He suddenly appeared in class one day, (wear) s

45、un glasses.( 2012年广东)7. Suddenly, he (find) that he had run out of salt. (2013年广东 )8. In the beginning, there was only a very small amount of unfairness in the world, but everyone added a little, always (think) that it was onlysmall and not very important.(2013 年广东)9. (suffer) such heavy pollution a

46、lready, it may now be too lateto clean up the river.10. I really appreciate (have) time to relax with you on thisnice island.11. (knock) at the door before entering, please.12. Sandy could do nothing but (admit) to his teacher that hewas wrong.13. Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to (s

47、etup) some schools for poor children.14. (suffer) from heart trouble for years, Professor White hasto take some medicine with him wherever he goes.15. In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state run companies are striving (make) their products more competitive.16. In some

48、 parts of London, missing a bus means (wait) for anotherhour.17. When (complete), the museum will be open to the publicnext year.18. With a lot of difficult problems (settle), the newly electedpresident is having a hard time.19. Having a trip abroad is certainly for the old couple, but it remains (s

49、ee) whether they will enjoy it.20. Prices of daily goods (buy) through a computer can be lowerthan store prices.21. Why did you go back to the shop? I left my friend (wait) there.22. The manager, ( know) his factory s products were poor in quality,decided to give his workers further training.23. Mr.

50、 Smith, (tired) of the (bore) speech, started toread a novel.24. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found (smoke) inthe kitchen.25. The teacher asked us (not make) so much noise.26. (give) time, he ll make a first class tennis player.27. He looked around and caught a man (put) his hand into t

51、he pocketof a passenger.28. I m going to the supermarket this afternoon. Do you have anything (buy)?29. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain (seat)as the plane was making a landing.30. (face) with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask hisboss for advice.31. The storm left, (c

52、ause) a lot of damage to this area.32. Whena sked by the police, he said that he remembered (arrive)at the party, but not (leave).33. I couldn t do my homework with all that noise (go on).34. You should understa nd the traffic rule by now. Youve had it (explain) often enough.35. (put) into use in Ap

53、ril 2000, the hotline was meant for residentsreporting water and heating supply breakdowns.36. With no rain for three months and food supplies (run) out, thesituation here is getting from bad to worse.37. A remote controlledbomb exploded outside a hotel yesterday, (injure) at least 12 people.38. Wha

54、ts the matter with Tim? Oh. Tims cell phone was left in a taxi accidentally, never (find) again.39. Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office, but our work (finish), we refused the offer.40. The man opened his eyes and moved his lips, as if (say)that he had something to tell the doctor.41. Though (lack) natural resources, the area is welldeveloped.42. It is silly of me (put) all eggs in one basket. That was theworst mistake I ve ever made.43. My job was to wash bottles, which would then be filled with wine