中考英语作文指导讲座

1、What do you think of writing English compositions?Whats your problem on writing English composition?Think and sayTheory (理论理论)Practice (实践实践) Using (运用运用) 中考英语学科复习讲座中考英语学科复习讲座英语作文的审题与谋篇布局 主讲人：青浦一中主讲人：青浦一中 周亚娟周亚娟英语写作是中考英语试题中的一项主观性试题。近英语写作是中考英语试题中的一项主观性试题。近几年的中考英语作文除分值不断提高外，写作的内几年的中考英语作文除分值不断提高外，写作的内容

2、、形式也不断变化，这充分体现了中学英语教学容、形式也不断变化，这充分体现了中学英语教学中对学生写作能力的培养越来越受到重视。英语写中对学生写作能力的培养越来越受到重视。英语写作是学生英语综合水平的体现，是英语的听、说、作是学生英语综合水平的体现，是英语的听、说、读、写四项基本语言技能之一。但是，令人遗憾的读、写四项基本语言技能之一。但是，令人遗憾的是，英语写作是广大考生复习备考中最为头痛、最是，英语写作是广大考生复习备考中最为头痛、最为薄弱的环节之一。在英语中考中，每一位考生都为薄弱的环节之一。在英语中考中，每一位考生都想写出高分作文，取得好成绩。但要想要达成这一想写出高分作文，取得好成绩。但

3、要想要达成这一目标，掌握一些英语写作技巧是必不可少的。目标，掌握一些英语写作技巧是必不可少的。 前言：前言：一、英语作文的审题一、英语作文的审题二、英语作文的谋篇布局二、英语作文的谋篇布局1、为什么要审题、为什么要审题2、审什么、审什么3、怎么审、怎么审返回返回只有通过认真审题，你才能只有通过认真审题，你才能把握写作主题把握写作主题明确写作要求明确写作要求组织恰当材料组织恰当材料传递正确信息传递正确信息返回返回1 1审清标题审清标题2 2审清人称审清人称4 4审清内容审清内容3 3审清时态审清时态5. 5. 审清文体审清文体 20102010年上海中考卷年上海中考卷 以以“我为自己感到自豪我为

4、自己感到自豪”为题写一篇不少于为题写一篇不少于6060个词的短文个词的短文, ,以下内容仅供参考：以下内容仅供参考：What kind of person are you?What kind of person are you?What makes you proud of yourself? What makes you proud of yourself? (give an example/examples) (give an example/examples)Why are you proud of yourself? Why are you proud of yourself? 201

5、22012年年 上海中考卷上海中考卷 Write a letter in at least 60 words Write a letter in at least 60 words according to the given situationaccording to the given situation（根据所给情（根据所给情景写一封不少于景写一封不少于6060词的信）词的信）Suppose you are Joe. Your friend Betty is Suppose you are Joe. Your friend Betty is upset about a coming ex

6、am for she cares too upset about a coming exam for she cares too much about the result. What do you think? Try much about the result. What do you think? Try to offer her some advice.to offer her some advice.（假设你是（假设你是Joe,Joe,你的好你的好朋友朋友BettyBetty因为过于在意考试结果而感到焦虑。请给因为过于在意考试结果而感到焦虑。请给她写一封信，谈谈你的看法，并给她一些建

7、议。）她写一封信，谈谈你的看法，并给她一些建议。）返回返回1 1抓题眼。抓题眼。 2 2抓要点。抓要点。 3 3抓立意。抓立意。 4 4抓选材。抓选材。 返回返回举例：举例：My My favouritefavourite sport sport An An unforgettableunforgettable experience experience 返回返回1.谋篇布局的含义及意义谋篇布局的含义及意义 2.谋篇布局的方法与策略谋篇布局的方法与策略返回返回谋篇布局要做好谋篇布局要做好3 3件事：件事：1.1.安排好层次段落安排好层次段落2.2.铺设好过渡铺设好过渡3.3.处理好开头和结尾。

8、处理好开头和结尾。方法一：方法一：1 1将提示的第一句作为文章的第一句；将提示的第一句作为文章的第一句；2 2将提示的第三句作为第一段的最后一句；将提示的第三句作为第一段的最后一句；3 3将提示的第二句展开成文章的中心段落；将提示的第二句展开成文章的中心段落；4 4结论段归纳概括，提出建议。结论段归纳概括，提出建议。 举例：举例：20102010年上海中考卷年上海中考卷 Im proud of myselfIm proud of myselfWhat kind of person are you?What makes you proud of yourself? (give an exampl

9、e/examples)Why are you proud of yourself? Im a shy girl, and I dont like to talk with others. Im a shy girl, and I dont like to talk with others. Especially I am afraid to talk in public, even answer my Especially I am afraid to talk in public, even answer my teachers questions in class.teachers que

10、stions in class.（提示（提示1 1） However, last term an However, last term an English oral competition really made me so confident.English oral competition really made me so confident.（提示（提示3)3) Our English teacher told us that we would have an English Our English teacher told us that we would have an Engl

11、ish oral competition. Many students took part in it but I didnt. oral competition. Many students took part in it but I didnt. You know, Im always a shy girl. But then my English teacher You know, Im always a shy girl. But then my English teacher talked with me and encouraged me to take part in it to

12、o. At talked with me and encouraged me to take part in it too. At last I agreed. I practiced and practiced. What do you think? I last I agreed. I practiced and practiced. What do you think? I was second.was second.（提示（提示2 2） I believe, nothing is impossible if you try your best. I believe, nothing i

13、s impossible if you try your best. Also I am very proud of myself.Also I am very proud of myself.( (结论归纳）结论归纳）方法二： 1.1.直接将提示的第一句和第二句写成文章直接将提示的第一句和第二句写成文章 的中心段落的中心段落2.2.于段尾提出自己的观点（提示中第三于段尾提出自己的观点（提示中第三 句要求的内容）句要求的内容）3.3.根据文章的叙述重点，总结全文，根据文章的叙述重点，总结全文， 提出方法等。提出方法等。 20072007年上海中考卷年上海中考卷 Things I hate to

14、 doThings I hate to doWhat are the things that you hate to do?What are the things that you hate to do?What do you hate doing most? Why? (Give at least two What do you hate doing most? Why? (Give at least two reasons.)reasons.) （中心段落）（中心段落）Most of the time I do things which I enjoy. Most of the time

15、I do things which I enjoy. However, there are still things that I hate to do. For However, there are still things that I hate to do. For example, I hate to go swimming. I am able to swim but I example, I hate to go swimming. I am able to swim but I think it is dangerous. I hate to read ghost stories

16、, too, think it is dangerous. I hate to read ghost stories, too, because they are not only frightening but also boring. because they are not only frightening but also boring. Besides, they teach me nothing. In fact, I hate telling Besides, they teach me nothing. In fact, I hate telling lies most. li

17、es most. （提出观点并阐述理由）（提出观点并阐述理由） Its a bad habit to Its a bad habit to tell lies. Furthermore, a person who tells lies is tell lies. Furthermore, a person who tells lies is dishonest. If you tell lies, nobody will believe you any dishonest. If you tell lies, nobody will believe you any more when they

18、 find out the truth. more when they find out the truth. So I hate to tell lies most. I want to be an honest So I hate to tell lies most. I want to be an honest person.person.（叙述重点（叙述重点, ,提出方法）提出方法）返回返回举例：举例：20062006年重庆中考卷年重庆中考卷 How to protect our school environmentHow to protect our school environme

19、nt Our school is a very beautiful school, but the Our school is a very beautiful school, but the school environment is getting worse now. school environment is getting worse now. Whats Whats more,more, it affects our study and daily life. it affects our study and daily life. Consequently,Consequentl

20、y, our school is aiming at building a our school is aiming at building a perfect campus. Its our duty to work hard to perfect campus. Its our duty to work hard to achieve this goal.achieve this goal. At firstAt first, we should clean our campus per day , we should clean our campus per day to keep it

21、 clean and tidy. to keep it clean and tidy. Besides,Besides, its a good its a good idea to plant more trees idea to plant more trees as well asas well as flowers and flowers and grass. grass. Not onlyNot only can it beautify our campus, can it beautify our campus, but alsobut also improve the qualit

22、y of air. improve the quality of air. FinallyFinally and most and most importantlyimportantly, wed better form the habit of not , wed better form the habit of not throwing the waste things away but putting them into throwing the waste things away but putting them into the dustbins.the dustbins. Toge

23、therTogether, individual can make a difference. , individual can make a difference. Lets take action at once.Lets take action at once.关联词的使用使文章条理化，过渡自然化。关联词的使用使文章条理化，过渡自然化。顺序：顺序：first, second, third, then, finally, to begin first, second, third, then, finally, to begin with, first of all, in the fir

24、st place, last, next, with, first of all, in the first place, last, next, above all, last but not the least, first and most above all, last but not the least, first and most important. important. 解释：解释：in other words, that is to say, in fact, as a in other words, that is to say, in fact, as a matter

25、 of fact, that is, namely, in simpler terms. matter of fact, that is, namely, in simpler terms. 递进：递进：Whats more, in addition, and, besides, also, Whats more, in addition, and, besides, also, furthermore, too, moreover, as well as, additionally, furthermore, too, moreover, as well as, additionally,

26、again. again. 让步：让步：although, although, though, after all, in spite of, after all, in spite of, even if, even though, whatever may happen. even if, even though, whatever may happen. 转折：转折： but, yet,but, yet, however, while, rather than, however, while, rather than, instead of, on the other hand, unf

27、ortunately.instead of, on the other hand, unfortunately.原因：原因：for this reason, due to, thanks to, for this reason, due to, thanks to, because, because of, as, since, owing to. because, because of, as, since, owing to. 结果：结果：as a result, thus, so, therefore, as a result, thus, so, therefore, accordin

28、gly, consequently. accordingly, consequently.总结：总结：on the whole, in conclusion, on the whole, in conclusion, in a word, to sum up, in brief, in a word, to sum up, in brief, in summary, to conclude, to summarize, in summary, to conclude, to summarize, in short. in short. 对比：对比：on the contrary, while,

29、 on the other hand, unlike, on the contrary, while, on the other hand, unlike, instead, but, different from, however, otherwise, instead, but, different from, however, otherwise, unlike, yet. unlike, yet. 列举：列举：for example, for instance, such as, for example, for instance, such as, take for example.

30、 take for example. 时间：时间：later, next, then, finally, at last, eventually, later, next, then, finally, at last, eventually, meanwhile, from now on, at the same time, meanwhile, from now on, at the same time, for the time being, in the end, immediately, for the time being, in the end, immediately, mea

31、nwhile, recently, soon, now and then, meanwhile, recently, soon, now and then, during, nowadays, since, lately, as soon as, during, nowadays, since, lately, as soon as, afterwards, earlier, now, after a while. afterwards, earlier, now, after a while. 返回返回策略：策略：文章的开头一般来说应尽量做到开门见山，文章的开头一般来说应尽量做到开门见山，用

32、简单明白的叙述引出文章的话题，使读者了解文用简单明白的叙述引出文章的话题，使读者了解文章要谈论什么，一下子引起读者的兴趣。章要谈论什么，一下子引起读者的兴趣。 作文常见作文常见的开头形式大致有以下几种：的开头形式大致有以下几种： （1 1）开门见山，揭示主题）开门见山，揭示主题 （2 2）交代人物、事情、时间或环境开头）交代人物、事情、时间或环境开头 （3 3）. . 回忆性的开头回忆性的开头 （4 4）概括性的开头）概括性的开头 （5 5）介绍环境式的开头）介绍环境式的开头 （6 6）交待写作目的的开头。）交待写作目的的开头。 举例：举例：1 1.“How I Spent My Vacati

33、on”.“How I Spent My Vacation”的开头：的开头： I Spent my last vacation happily. I Spent my last vacation happily. ( (开门见山式开门见山式) )2 2.“A Trip to Jinshan” .“A Trip to Jinshan” 的开头：的开头： The day before yesterday my class went on a bus The day before yesterday my class went on a bus trip to Jinshan. It took us

34、three hours to get there. trip to Jinshan. It took us three hours to get there. The long trip made us very tired, but the sight of The long trip made us very tired, but the sight of the beautiful sea refreshed us.the beautiful sea refreshed us. ( (交代人物、事情、时间或环境交代人物、事情、时间或环境) )3 3.“The Happiness of R

35、eading Books”.“The Happiness of Reading Books”的开头：的开头： People often say that gold and silver are the most People often say that gold and silver are the most valuable things in the world. But I say that to read valuable things in the world. But I say that to read books is more valuable than anything

36、else, because books is more valuable than anything else, because books give us knowledge and knowledge gives us power. books give us knowledge and knowledge gives us power. ( (概括性概括性) ) 4 4.“An accident”.“An accident”的开头是的开头是: : It was a rainy and windy morning. The sky was It was a rainy and windy

37、morning. The sky was gloomy, the temperature was low, and the street gloomy, the temperature was low, and the street was nearly empty. I was on my way back to school. was nearly empty. I was on my way back to school. Suddenly, a speeding car came round the corner. Suddenly, a speeding car came round

38、 the corner. ( (介绍环境式介绍环境式) ) 5 5.“Pollution Control” .“Pollution Control” 的开头：的开头： In this article I shall draw your attention In this article I shall draw your attention to the subject of pollution control. to the subject of pollution control. ( (交代写作目的交代写作目的) )策略：策略：作文结尾通常是对全文的总结和概括。作文结尾通常是对全文的总结

39、和概括。 结尾段要起到画龙点睛、深化主题的作用。结尾段要起到画龙点睛、深化主题的作用。 结尾段还可以总结归纳文章要点、重申主题，结尾段还可以总结归纳文章要点、重申主题， 也可以提出建议、展望未来。也可以提出建议、展望未来。常用结构：常用结构： on the whole, in conclusion, in a word, to on the whole, in conclusion, in a word, to sum up, in brief, in summary, to conclude, to sum up, in brief, in summary, to conclude, to

40、summarize, in short. summarize, in short. 举例：举例：housework housework 的作文结尾的作文结尾 So I suggest every student experience So I suggest every student experience doing housework to make our life more doing housework to make our life more colorful. colorful. How to protect our environment How to protect our

41、 environment 的作文结尾的作文结尾 Together, individual can make a Together, individual can make a difference. Lets take action at once.difference. Lets take action at once. 点评：点评：巧妙地使用巧妙地使用so来总结全文，使文章浑然来总结全文，使文章浑然一体。同时作者又用了一个包含虚拟语气的宾一体。同时作者又用了一个包含虚拟语气的宾语从句重申观点，使文章圆满结束。语从句重申观点，使文章圆满结束。点评：点评：本句总结主题，其本身也蕴含了令人本句总

42、结主题，其本身也蕴含了令人深思的哲理。无论是语言还是内涵，这句话深思的哲理。无论是语言还是内涵，这句话都是本文的都是本文的“点睛之笔点睛之笔”。 英语写作水平的提高不是一蹴而英语写作水平的提高不是一蹴而就的事情，关键在于平时的积累与训就的事情，关键在于平时的积累与训练。要想使自己的文章有亮点，吸引练。要想使自己的文章有亮点，吸引读者，在考试中获得高分，就应在英读者，在考试中获得高分，就应在英语作文的审题、谋篇布局、遣词造句语作文的审题、谋篇布局、遣词造句上下功夫，哪怕是有一处特长都是上下功夫，哪怕是有一处特长都是“亮亮”点，都是值得肯定的。希望同点，都是值得肯定的。希望同学们在听了今天的讲座之

43、后能有所收学们在听了今天的讲座之后能有所收获，在中考中取得好成绩！获，在中考中取得好成绩！ 小结：小结：了解评分标准了解评分标准 作文作文20分分,其中内容其中内容8分分,语言语言8分分,组织结构组织结构4分分（一）内容：（一）内容： 7-8分 内容切题，意思连贯，表达清楚、完整。 5-6分 内容基本切题，意思大致连贯，表达基本清楚、但不够完整。 3-4分 内容不够切题，意思不够连贯，表达不够清楚、离题目要求较远。 0-2分 文不对题，表达不清。 （二）语言：（二）语言： 1.拼写：每错扣0.5分，同一错误不重复计数。 2.语法：同1. 3.标点符号、大小写：每两处错误扣0.5分，但标点符号和

44、大小写 的扣分总和均不得超过1分。 4.语言分最多扣8分。 （三）组织结构：（三）组织结构： 1.内容充实、不写废话；上下文连贯、用语规范、表达准确、无或少见语法错误；词汇和句型句式运用恰当，多见好句型和习惯表达用语者，可给4分。 2.一般情况下，要得到4分组织结构分，内容和语言累积得分需在14分以上（含）。 3.内容和语言累积不足14分者，如文中有值得肯定的好的句型和表达，可酌情考虑给1-3分组织结构分。 4.通篇句型、句式单一，词汇贫乏者，即使无语法错误，一般亦不给组织结构分。（四）词数：（四）词数： 1.词数不足30词者，得分最多不得超过10分； 2.词数不足40词者，得分最多不得超过1

45、3分； 3.词数不足50词者，得分最多不得超过16分； 4.词数在50-59词之间者，每少5个词扣1分； 5.只写出个别单词、词不成句不给分。 Thank You, My Mother In my life, Ill thank my mother forever. My mother is always very busy, she works hard in the factory she does all housework in my family. she is a good mother. I am in trouble, she always encourages me to o

46、vercome difficulties. I am ill, she always looks after me carefully. Ill thank my mother for giving me life, for helping me, teaching me knowledge how to be a helpful person. forandIn my eyes, WheneverWheneverIn a word,not onlybut also and一、学写正确的简单句1. came, he, on Sunday He came on Sunday结构结构: S(主语主

47、语) + V(谓语谓语) + 其它其它2. he, in the canteen, lunch, has He has lunch in the canteen.结构结构: S + V + O(宾语宾语) + 其它其它 3. a new watch, me, yesterday, bought, dad Dad bought me a new watch yesterday结构结构: S + V +O(人人)+O(物物) + 其它其它 一、学写正确的简单句4. me, makes, the music, happy The music makes me happy.结构结构: S + V +O

48、 +宾补宾补 5. he, maths, is, interested in He is interested in maths.结构结构: S+系动词系动词+表语表语 Correct the mistakes in the following sentences 1.My father very kind and easy-going（随和的）2.My best friend gave an interesting book on my birthday.3.His words made me sadly.4.My father always tells to be an honest pe

49、rson. 5.I very like my class.My father is very kind and easy-going.My best friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday. His words made me sad. My father always tells me to be an honest person. I like my class very much.Its your turn to have a try!Please make a simple sentence orally.二、学写优美流畅的句

50、子1. 1.恰当运用并列句恰当运用并列句: and, so, for, butThe little boy is clever and hardworking. Everyone likes him.The little boy is clever and hardworking, so everyone likes him.二、学写优美流畅的句子、恰当运用复合句：、恰当运用复合句：when,before,after,as,if,because,sothatYesterday I was on my way to the cinema. I met a foreign visitor.Yest

51、erday when I was on my way to the cinema, I met a foreign visitor.恰当运用介词短语恰当运用介词短语My mother is a middle-aged woman. She wears a pair of glasses.My mother is a middle-aged woman with a pair of glasses.二、学写优美流畅的句子二、学写优美流畅的句子恰当运用副词、动词不定式短语开头恰当运用副词、动词不定式短语开头1).Unfortunately/Unluckily,I failed in physics

52、 this time. 2).To pass the exam, I should work harder than before.Your turn:请用另一种表达重写句子，使句子更优美请用另一种表达重写句子，使句子更优美流畅流畅. .1.He is not tall. He is strong.2.I love watching comedies(喜剧). They make me laugh a lot.3.A blind man was walking slowly. He was using a walking stick.4.Shanghai is beautiful and mo

53、dern. I like it very much.5.I passed the important exam. He is not tall but strong.I love watching comedies because they make me laugh a lot.A blind man was walking slowly with a walking stick. Shanghai is so beautiful and modern that I like it very much.Luckily,I passed the important exam.Make the

54、passage more beautiful Mr Smith is our English teacher. He not only very kind but also teaches very well.(改错） He is loved by all of us.（加连接词或改为复合句） He fell ill last week. Now he is lying in bed in hos-pital. （加副词开头并合并为并列句） We are all worried about him. Tomorrow is Saturday. We have decided to visit

55、him together. We plan to meet at the school gate at 9:00 tomorrow morning. Well go to the hospital by bus.（加连接词） Well also bring him some fresh flowers and fruit.（加不定式开头） Mr Smith will get better and be back teaching us again.（加主句成为复合句）He is not only very kind but also teaches very well.So he is lov

56、ed by all of us./That is why he is loved by all of us.Unluckily , he fell ill last week and is now lying in bed in hospital. Then we will go to the hospital by bus.To cheer him up, well also bring him some fresh flowers and fruit.We hope that Mr Smith will get better and be back teaching us again. M

57、r Smith is our English teacher. He is not only very kind but also teaches very well. That is why he is loved by all of us. Unluckily, he fell ill last week and is now lying in bed in hospital. We are all worried about him. Tomorrow is Saturday. We have decided to visit him together. We plan to meet

58、at the school gate at 9:00 tomorrow morning. Then well go to the hospital by bus. To cheer him up, Well also bring him some fresh flowers and fruit. We hope that Mr Smith will get better and be back teaching us again .改错改错: :1.Make friends is a important part in our 1.Make friends is a important par

59、t in our life.life.2.Friends can give you many helps.2.Friends can give you many helps.3.You can play with them, enjoy the happy 3.You can play with them, enjoy the happy time.time.4.But what real friendship is.4.But what real friendship is.Makinganmuch help/ a lot of helpandBut what is true friends

60、hip?5.You can ask for help from your friends.6.Help friends make me happy.7.A friend inneed is a friend indeed.ask your friends for helpHelpingmakesA friend in need is a friend indeed.8.Some people think true friends are who can play with them.9.If you are in trouble you can ask your friends for hel