牛津高中英语模块八unit3

1、Unit 3 The world of colours and light.aroundaround prep. 在周围adv.到处；在周围(1)around 用作介词，可表示“在周围”、“围绕”、“在那边”、“到处”、“在附近”、“大约”、“关于”等，其短语可修饰动态动词和静态动词。例：The ship sailed around the world.这条船绕世界航行了一周。There is a bookstore around the corner.在拐角出有一家书店。 (2)around 用作副词，可修饰动态动词和静态动词，常位于所修饰的动词之后，有时也可用作表语。例：I travell

2、ed around for a few years.这几年我到处旅行。What are you all sitting around for?你们都坐在这儿干什么？Ill see if he is around.我要看一看他是否在附近。习惯用语all around 四处，到处 hang around 在附近徘徊show sb around 带领sb参观 get around (消息，谣言)传开来2.rather thanRather than 是并列连词，意为“而不是”、“宁可”或“情愿”，可连续各种并列成分，表示前面的是肯定的，后面的是否定的。例：Rather than being crit

3、icized,he should be praised.他就是不该挨批，而是应该受到表扬嘛。(辨异) rather than,other than与would rather(than):rather than 通常译为“而不是”或“与其说是不如说是”，有时可用短语介词instead of 代替。例：He was engaged in writing a letter rather than(=instead of)reading the newspaper.他那时是在写信而不是在看报纸。other than 有两种意思：一是用来表示否定的意义，即“不同于”。等于different from，或

4、“非”，等于not ；二是用来表示排除意义，即“除了”，相当于except。例：The truth is quite other than what you think.事实真相和你们想的完全不一样。would rather 意为“宁愿”或“宁可”would/had ratherthan，表示“宁愿也不”的意思。例：My aunt invited me to the movies,but I said I had rather go on a picnic with the girls.我的姑妈邀请我去看电影，可是我倒愿意跟女孩子们一起去野餐。I am sure they would/had

5、rather die than give up.我深信他们一定会宁死不屈。1. talentn. C or U (someone who has) a natural ability to be good at sth., especially without being taught:Her talent for music showed at an early age.His artistic talents were wasted in his boring job.U UK SLANG MAINLY HUMOROUS people who are sexually attractive

6、:There was plenty of talent at the party last nighttalented    adj. be talented in a talented footballer/pianist 2. amaze v. T to cause someone to be extremely surprised:+ question word I was amazed by how well he looked.You've done all your homework in an hour? You amaze me.+ that It

7、amazes me that she's got the energy for all those parties.+ to infinitive It amazes me to think that Anna is now in charge of the company.It amazes me how you can put up with living in such a dirty house.It never ceases to amaze me how he can talk for so long without ever saying anything interes

8、ting.amazed adj. extremely surprised:She was amazed at how calm she felt after the accident.I was absolutely amazed when I heard he'd been promoted.+ to infinitive Mr Graham was amazed to find 46 ancient gold coins inside the pot.I was amazed to hear that Chris had won first prize.We were amazed

9、 to discover that we'd been at school together.+ (that) I'm amazed (that) she didn't complain.amazement n. U extreme surprise:She stared in amazement.To my amazement, he ate the whole lot.amazing  adj. extremely surprising:This stain remover really worksit's amazing!The new thea

10、tre is going to cost an amazing (= very large) amount of money.APPROVING This wine is really amazing (= very good).It's amazing to think that the managing director is only 23.It's amazing that no one else has applied for the job.The amazing thing is that it was kept secret for so long.What a

11、n amazing coincidence!amazinglyadv. The food was amazingly good.Amazingly enough (= Very surprisingly), no one else has applied for the job.3. representv. T 1) to speak, act or be present officially for another person or people:They chose a famous barrister to represent them in court.Union officials

12、 representing the teachers met the government today.Women were well/poorly represented at the conference (= there were many/few present).2) to show or describe sth. or someone:+ ing form of verb The statue represents St George killing the dragon.This new report represents the current situation in ou

13、r schools.He represents himself as an expert, but he knows nothing.3) to be a sign or symbol of sth.:In this dictionary the word 'noun' is represented by the letter n.To many people the Queen represents the former glory of Britain.representationn. U Can he afford legal representation?represe

14、ntative   n. C someone who speaks or does sth. officially for another person or group of people:The firm has two representatives in every European city.US someone who has been elected to the US House of Representativesadj. a representative system of government4. calculatev. T to judge the

15、number or amount of sth. by using the information that you already have, and adding, multiplying, subtracting or dividing numbers:The cost of the damage caused by the recent storms has been calculated as/at over £5 million.The new tax system would be calculated on the value of property owned by

16、 an individual.+ question word At some stage we need to calculate when the project will be finished.+ that He's calculated that it would take him two years to save up enough for a car.calculation n. C or U The calculations that you did/made contained a few inaccuracies.calculator n. C a small el

17、ectronic device which is used for doing calculations:a pocket calculatorsothat如此以致于高考So difficult it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English well. (2001)A. I have feltB. have I feltC. I did feelD. did I feel答案: D 5. rangen. C 1) a set of similar things:I offered her

18、 a range of options.There is a wide/whole range of opinions on this issue.2) (US ALSO line) the goods made by one company or goods of one particular type that are sold in a shop:We stock the full range of model railway accessories.This jacket is part of our autumn/spring range.3) a group of hills or

19、 mountains:a mountain rangethe PennineRangeWe could see a low range of hills in the distance. 4) all the musical notes that a singer can sing or a musical instrument is able to produce n. S 1) the amount, number or type of sth. between an upper and a lower limit:The price range is from $100 to $500.

20、The product is aimed at young people in the 18 - 25 age range.The coat was in/out of my price range.This type of work is outside/beyond/out of my range (of experience).2) S the period of time in the future within which sth. is planned or expected to happen:long-range plansshort-/medium-/long-range w

21、eather forecasting3) S the distance that a vehicle or aircraft can travel without having to stop for more fuel:short-/medium-/long-range airlinersn. S or U the distance within which you can see, hear or hit someone:The ship was in/out of range of our guns.He was shot at point blank/at close range (=

22、 from very near). v. I usually + adv. or prep. Dress sizes range from petite to extra large.Prices range between $50 and $250. 6. floatv. I to stay on the surface of a liquid and not sink:An empty bottle will float.You can float very easily in/on the Dead Sea because it's so salty.I or T; usuall

23、y + adv. or prep. to (cause to) move easily through, or along the surface of a liquid, or to (cause to) move easily through air:We spent a lazy afternoon floating down/along the river.He tossed the bottle into the waves and watched it float out to sea.The children enjoy floating their boats on the p

24、ond in the park.Fluffy white clouds were floating across the sky.FIGURATIVE The sound of pianoplaying floated out through the open window.I usually + adv. or prep. LITERARY to move gracefully:She sort of floats around, like a ballet dancer.I usually + adv. or prep. to move or act without purpose:Sin

25、ce he lost his job, he's just floated around/about doing nothing.7. distributev. T to give sth. out to several people, or to spread or supply sth.:The books will be distributed free to local schools.Several people were arrested for distributing racist leaflets/pamphlets (to the spectators).The c

26、ompany aims eventually to distribute (= supply for sale) its products throughout the European Union.distribution   n. C or UWe must find a way of achieving a more equitable distribution (= sharing) of resources/wealth.Has the Channel Tunnel improved the distribution (= supplying for sale) of go

27、ods between the British Isles and mainland Europe?an unfair distribution of wealthdistribution costs8 negotiate v. I or T to have formal discussions with someone in order to reach an agreement with them:The government has refused to negotiate with the strikers.I'm negotiating for a new contract.

28、I've managed to negotiate (= obtain by discussion) a five per cent pay increase with my boss.negotiation n. C or U the process of discussing sth. with someone in order to reach an agreement with them, or the discussions themselves:The agreement was reached after a series of difficult negotiation

29、s.The exact details of the agreement are still under negotiation.Negotiation for the pay increase is likely to take several weeks.9. adorev. T not continuous 1) FORMAL to worship:Let us adore God for all his works.2) to love someone very much, especially in an admiring or respectful way, or to like

30、sth. very much:She has one son and she adores him.I absolutely adore chocolate.+ ing form of verb Don't you just adore lying in a hot bath?adoration  n. U very strong love for someone:her complete adoration of her brotheradoring  adj. showing very strong love for someone:I refuse to pl

31、ay the part of the adoring wife.10. subjective adj. 1) influenced by or based on personal beliefs or feelings, rather than based on facts:I think my husband is the most handsome man in the world, but I realize my judgment is rather subjective.More specific and less subjective criteria should be used

32、 in selecting people for promotion within the company.The opposite: objective (FAIR OR REAL)   adj. based on real facts and not influenced by personal beliefs or feelings:an objective and impartial reportI can't really be objective when I'm judging my daughter's work.subjectively ad

33、v.subjectivity n. UThere's always an element of subjectivity in decision-making.11. appetite n. C or U a desire for food:All that walking has given me an appetite.I won't have any chocolate, thanks. It will spoil (= reduce) my appetite.I haven't got much of an appetite (= I am not hungry

34、).The children all have healthy/good appetites (= they eat a lot).Both viruses cause fever and loss of appetite.n. C a strong desire or need:her appetite for adventureI've read an excerpt of the book on the Web and it's whetted my appetite (= increased my interest in it).12. admire v. T

35、 to respect and approve of someone or their behavior, or to find someone or sth. attractive and pleasant to look at:I admired him for his determination.I really admire people who can work in such difficult conditions.We stood for a few moments, admiring the view.I was just admiring your jacket, Deli

36、a.admirable  adj. deserving respect or approval:I think you showed admirable tact/restraint/self-control in your answer.The police did an admirable job in keeping the fans calm.adv.I think she coped admirably (= very well) with a very difficult situation.admiration  n. U when you admire so

37、meone or sth.:My admiration for that woman grows daily.She gazed in admiration at his broad, muscular shoulders.admirer  n. C someone who finds someone else sexually attractive, or someone who admires someone or sth.:She's got plenty of admirers.She's got a secret admirer who keeps send

38、ing her gifts.The policy has few admirers (= few people like it).13. assistance n. U help:The company needs more financial assistance from the Government.A £1 billion investment would be of considerable assistance to the railways.Can I be of any assistance, madam (= Can I help)?Teachers can'

39、;t give pupils any assistance in e to sb.'s assistanceto help someone13. abandon v. T to stop doing an activity before you have finished it:The match was abandoned at half-time because of the poor weather conditions.They had to abandon their attempt to climb the mountain.The party has n

40、ow abandoned its policy of unilateral disarmament.abandonment n. Uscratch v. I or T to cut or damage a surface or your skin slightly with or on sth. sharp or rough:We scratched the paintwork trying to get the bed into Martha's room.R Be careful not to scratch yourself on the roses.A few chickens

41、 were scratching about/around (= searching with their beaks) in the yard for grain.v. T 1) If you scratch sth. on or off a surface, you add it or remove it by scratching:People have been scratching their names on this rock for years.I'm afraid I scratched some paint off the door as I was getting

42、 out of the car.2) to rub your skin with your nails:He was scratching (at) his mosquito bites.Hannah scratched her head thoughtfully.v. I If an animal scratches, it rubs sth. with its claws:The dog's scratching at the doorhe wants to be let in. n. 1) C a mark made by scratching:Her legs wer

43、e covered in scratches and bruises after her walk through the forest.There was a scratch on the CD.Amazingly, he survived the accident without a scratch (= without suffering any injuries at all).2) S when people or animals scratch themselves:That dog is having a good scratch. It must have fleas.from

44、 scratchfrom the beginning, without using anything that already exists:Ben built the shed from scratch.1. What is the cost of your shirts here, sir？It depends on which fashion you want to buy, and the prices from 100 dollars to 500 dollars. A. increases B. ranges C. reaches D. different2. Phillip, c

45、an you see something red in the distance on the water? A. flowing B. flying C. floating D. wandering3. This book is rather , can you give me an interesting one?A. bored B. boring C. tired D. uninterested4. Hurry up ! Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate .Oh ! I thought they without m

46、e .A. went B. are going C. have gone D. had gone 5. Hey, Wang Lin. Why did you get up so early this morning?I that the bell had rung. A. think B. thought C. was thinkingD. had thought6. He is good at drawing . A. quiet things B. still objects C. still lifes D. still lives7. On the second day after h

47、er wedding, she sweets to all the students in the class. A. distributed B. provided C. bought D. gave away8. John has a special talent drawing.A. with B. in C. for D. of9. To my , I came first.A. amaze B. amazed C. amazing D. amazement10. am more than to take you in my car. A. happy B. happier C. ha

48、ppily D. happiness11. I that we would arrive there at 6:00 p.m.A. counted B. figured C. calculated D. evaluate 12. He devoted his life world peace.A. to promote B. to promoting C. promoting D. for promoting13. Her son, to whom she was so , went abroad ten years ago.A. lovedB. cared C. devoted D. aff

49、ected14. We negotiated the school master the tuition increase. A. on; with B. with; of C. with; about D. with; to15. Tom adores classic novels and dreams a writer. A. reading; beingB. to read; of being C. reading; of being D. to read; being1-5 BCBDB 6-10 CACDA 11-15 CBCCCWord Power1. require: verb T

50、 Please telephone this number if you require any further information.如果你需要进一步的信息,请拨打这个。Bringing up children often requires you to put their needs first.抚养孩子通常要求你把他们的需要放在第一位。requirement noun Cmeet the requirements of满足的要求2. secret: noun (1) C a piece of information that is only known by one person or

51、 a few people and should not be told to others: A close couple should have no secrets from each other.一对亲密的夫妻间应该彼此没有什么秘密。(2) C a fact that is unknown about a subject:the secrets of the universe 宇宙的奥秘3. draw: verb I or T drew, drawn Draw a line at the bottom of the page.在这一页的底部划一条线。The train slowly d

52、rew into the station.火车慢慢地驶进车站。4. addition: noun C or U In addition to his flat in London, he has a villa in Italy and a castle in Scotland.他除了在伦敦的公寓外,在意大利还有一幢别墅,在格兰有一个城堡。add  verb I or T If you add (= calculate the total of) three and four you get seven.如果你把三和五加起来,就可以得到七。added adjectiveadditio

53、nal adjective additional costs/problems 额外的费用/问题1. _can you expect to get a pay rise. A.With hard work B. Although work hard C. Only with hard work D. Now that he works hard 2. _, mother will wait for him to have dinner together. A.However late is he B. However he is late C. However is he late D. Ho

54、wever late he is 3. Not until all the fish died in the river, _ how serious the pollution was. A.did the villagers realize B. the villagers realized C. the villagers did realize D. didnt the villagers realize 4. Not until I began to work _ how much time I had wasted. A.didnt realize B. did I realize

55、 C. I didnt realize D. I realized 5.Do you know Jim quarrel with his brother? I dont know, _. A.nor dont I care B. nor do I care C. I dont care neither D. I dont care also 6. Only by practicing a few hours every day _ be able to waste much time. A.you can B. can you C. you will D. will you 7. Not until the early years of the19th century _ what heat is. A.man did know B. man knew C. didnt man know D. did man know 8. _got into the room, _ the telephone rang. A.He hardly; then B. Hardly had he; when C. He had not;