高中英语定语从句详解吴说课材料

1、高中英语定语从句详解吴高中英语定语从句详解吴Which one is Harry Porter ?The boy _ is Harry Porter .who is wearing glasses定语从句定语从句一、概念一、概念:在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子. (在句子中作在句子中作定语，相当于形容词定语，相当于形容词) (Attributive clause)Harry Porter is a smart boy.Harry Porter is a boy who has magic power.形容词作定语形容词作定语句子作定语句子作定语,修饰修饰boy,

2、叫做叫做定语从句定语从句 被定语从句限定的词是被定语从句限定的词是_ ，引导定语从句的词叫做引导定语从句的词叫做 _ 或或 _。Harry Porter is a boy who has magic power.先行词先行词 关系词关系词定语从句定语从句关系关系代词代词关系关系副词副词which, who, whom, whose, thatwhere, when，why五、关系代词的用法关系代词指人或指物所作的成分thatwhichwhowhomwhose人和物人和物物物人人人人人和物人和物主语、宾语、表语主语、宾语、表语主语、宾语、表语主语、宾语、表语主语、宾语、表语主语、宾语、表语宾语宾

3、语定语定语when, where, why关系副词关系副词先行词先行词在从句中的成分在从句中的成分when时间时间时间时间状语状语where 地点地点地点地点状语状语why reason原因原因状语状语（二）引导定语从句的关系副词（二）引导定语从句的关系副词Have a try指出关系代词（副词）在定语从句中的成份：指出关系代词（副词）在定语从句中的成份：1.The man who came to our school is Mr. Wang. ( )2.The girl (whom) I met is Lucy. ( )3.A child whose parents are dead is

4、called Tom. ( )4.I like the book (which) you bought yesterday. ( ) 主语宾语定语宾语四、定语从句关系词的特点 1、连接功能连接功能：引导一个定语从句； 2、替代功能替代功能：替代先行词； 3、语法功能语法功能：在定语从句中充当句子成分。主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。注意注意：先行词在定语从句中不能重复出现：先行词在定语从句中不能重复出现改正错误：改正错误：This is the book that I have been looking forward to it。1. who, whom, whose, that 用法区别用法

5、区别. who 作定语从句的作定语从句的主语主语或或宾语宾语. The man who is speaking at the meeting is a worker.The man is a worker.The man is speaking at the meeting.分解分解作主语作主语 whom 作定语从句的作定语从句的宾语宾语 The woman whom they wanted to visit is a teacher.The woman is a teacher.They wanted to visit the woman.分解分解作宾语作宾语 that 可以作定语从句的可以

6、作定语从句的主语主语和和宾语宾语. The woman (whom / that) they wanted to visit is a teacher.可省略可省略 The man who / that is speaking at the meeting is a worker. whose 作定语从句的作定语从句的定语定语 (whose既可以指人，也可以指物既可以指人，也可以指物). I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.分解分解I know the girl.The girls mother is a teacher.作定语作定语I have

7、 a book whose cover is yellow.关系词关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格实际上是先行词的所有格2. which, that 的的用法用法which 作定语从句的作定语从句的主语主语或或宾语宾语.I like the book (which / that) you bought yesterday.This is a truck which / that is made in China.作主语作主语作宾语作宾语可省略可省略3. 只能用只能用that的情况的情况 序数词序数词或或形容词最高级形容词最高级修饰先行词时修饰先行词时 Tom is the clevere

8、st boy that I have ever known. This is the first play that I have seen since I came here.everything, something, nothing, all, anything, little, much等等不定代词不定代词作先行作先行词时词时 Everything that we saw in this film was true. 先行词被先行词被every, some, no, all, any, little, much等修饰时。等修饰时。Ive read all the books that

9、you lend me. 先行词被先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。修饰时。This is the very book that belongs to him. 主句已有主句已有who或或which时时Who is the girl that is standing under the tree?Which is the machine that we used last Sunday. 当先行词同时指当先行词同时指人人和和物物时时Ive never heard of the people and things that you tal

10、ked about just now.只能用只能用which 做关系代词的情况做关系代词的情况1.1.在非限制性定语从句中，只能用在非限制性定语从句中，只能用whichwhich指代物，指代物，用用who/whomwho/whom指人指人. .2.2.在由在由“介词介词+ +关系代词关系代词”引导的定语从句中，引导的定语从句中，只能用只能用whichwhich指物，指物，whomwhom指人。指人。3.3.先行词本身是先行词本身是thatthat时，关系词用时，关系词用which, which, 先先行词为行词为those, one, hethose, one, he时多用时多用whowho。

11、4.关系代词前有介词时关系代词前有介词时 (介词提前介词提前) .指指人只用人只用whom, 指物只用指物只用whichThis is the boy with whom he talked. This is the ring on which she spent 1000 dollars. 1. This is the place where I was born. 2. I remember the day when I first met him. 3. Can you tell me the reason why you lied to me?关系副词关系副词When=on(in,du

12、ring)whichwhere=on(in,in front of)whichWhy=for which（三）关系副词（三）关系副词与与介词介词+关系代词关系代词的替代的替代when when可用可用in/on/at/during +which 代替代替1.I still remember the day.2.I first met him on the day.I still remember the day on which I first met him.whenwhichwhere where可用in/on/at/to + which代替1.The dictionary is the

13、only place.2. Success comes before work in the dictionary.The dictionary is the only place in which success comes before work.where which.why why可用可用for +which 代替代替1.This is the reason.2.I was late for school for this reason.This is the reason for which I was late for school. whywhich.关系关系代词代词和关系和关系

14、副词副词的区别的区别关系关系代词代词在定语从句中在定语从句中作主语、宾语作主语、宾语关系关系副词副词在定语从句中在定语从句中作状语作状语如何选用定语从句的关系词如何选用定语从句的关系词 1.首先分清主句和定语从句首先分清主句和定语从句 2.确定定语从句的先行词确定定语从句的先行词 3.把先行词带回到定语从句中去，看其把先行词带回到定语从句中去，看其在定语从句中做什么语法成分（主语，在定语从句中做什么语法成分（主语，宾语，定语或状语）宾语，定语或状语） 4.若先行词在从句中做若先行词在从句中做主语、宾语或定主语、宾语或定语语则选择则选择关系代词关系代词，若在从句中做，若在从句中做状语状语，则选择

15、则选择关系副词关系副词。非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句起补充说明作用，缺少也不会影响全句的理解。在非限制性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开。The house, which I bought last year, has a lovely garden.He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.注意：整个主句作为先行词, 谓语动词用第三人称单数非限制性定语从句和单句的比较非限制性定语从句和单句的比较2.He failed in the exam._ made his parents ang

16、ry.3.He failed in the exam, _made his parents angry.4.He has two sons. Both of _ are teachers. 5.He has two sons, both of _ are teachers.Thiswhichwhomthem that1.I am reading Harry Porter, _is an interesting book.whichThe school _ he once studied is very famous.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句：注意：1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如

17、：look for, look after, take care of等 This is the watch （which/that） I am looking for. 2. 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指物时只能用which；指人时只能用whomThe man with whom you talked is my friend. The school _ he once studied in is very famous. The man (whom) you talked with is my friend.(that/which) in which/where 考点三：关系代词考点三

18、：关系代词 as 的用法的用法 一、一、as引导限制性定语从句引导限制性定语从句主句中主句中the same, as, such, so修饰先行词，修饰先行词，as做做关系代词在定语从句中做主语或宾语。关系代词在定语从句中做主语或宾语。有有“如，如，似，正像似，正像”的含义的含义主要结构有：主要结构有：the sameas; asas; suchas; soasDont trust such men as praise you to your face. (指人，作主语指人，作主语）We have arrived at the same conclusion as they have.（指物，

19、作宾语指物，作宾语） This is the same pen _I lost yesterday. A. as B. that C.the one D. A&B D比较：比较：.the same pen as I lost. . the same pen that I lost.很像，不一定就是很像，不一定就是就是我不见的那支笔就是我不见的那支笔 the same as 表示表示同一类同一类人或物；人或物； the same that 指指同一个同一个人或物人或物二、引导非限制性定语从句二、引导非限制性定语从句 as引导非限制性定语从句，引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句内容指代整个

20、主句内容，从句从句可置于句首可置于句首，句中句中或或句尾句尾As everyone knows ,China is a beautiful country with a long history .The earth , as we know , moves round the sun .Tom works hard and is willing to help others, as we all know. 非限制性定语从句中的谓语为被动式时，非限制性定语从句中的谓语为被动式时，常用常用as做做主语主语 be said /known/announced /reported/mentioned

21、 /expected/discussedGrammar , as has been said before, is not a set of dead rules.As is known to all , Taiwan is part of China .注意注意：which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。主句之后。Tom suddenly fell ill, which made us sad. as 引导的非限制性定语从句引导的非限制性定语从句The earth is round._ is known to all.The earth is round

22、,_ is known to all._ is known to all, the earth is round_ is known to all that the earth is round.Itwhich/ as AsItas 具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：as you know/ as you see/as we planned/as we expected定语从句在句首时只能用定语从句在句首时只能用as,1). a. I saw some trees, and the leaves of _ were black with

23、 disease. b. I saw some trees, the leaves of _ were black with disease. 2). a. The professor is a little man, on the nose of _there is a pair of glasses. b. The professor is a little man, and on the nose of _there is a pair of glasses解题点拨解题点拨 :是否有是否有连词连词是区分定语从句和并列句的关键。是区分定语从句和并列句的关键。themwhomwhichhim

24、 _高考考点高考考点易混句型易混句型定语从句与并列句定语从句与并列句_由由Who Who 引导的定语从句，在句中做主语引导的定语从句，在句中做主语 宾语宾语1、Do you know the man _ is talking with your father? A. whose B. who C. which2、The boys _ the teacher talked to are from Class One. A. when B. which C. who3、Those _ want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7

25、tomorrow morning. A. who B. which C. whom4. The gentleman _ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief. A. who B. about whom C. whom5. The doctor _ you are looking for is in the room. A. whom B. what C. which6. The teacher for _ you are waiting has come. A. who B. whom C. that由由Whom Whom 引导的定语从句，在句中

26、做宾引导的定语从句，在句中做宾语语介词提前时只能用介词提前时只能用 whom7. A child _ parents are dead is called an orphan. A. which B. his C. whose 8. This book is for the students _ native(本国的本国的) language is not English. A. that B. of whom C. whose 9. The boy _ composition won the first prize is the youngest in the group. A. who B

27、. whose C. that由由Whose Whose 引导的定语从句引导的定语从句, , 在句中做定语在句中做定语10、He prefers to eat the rice _ in the south. A. who is grown B. which is grown C. when is grown11、 The knife _ I cut the apple with cant be found. A. which B. who C. what 12、The room in _ there are many books is mine. A. that B. who C. whic

28、h13、This is the pen _ he bought yesterday. A. which B. who C. when由由Which Which 引导的定语从句，在句中做主语引导的定语从句，在句中做主语 宾语宾语介词提前时只能用介词提前时只能用 whichthat14. All _ is needed is a supply of oil. A. which B. that C. what15. Finally, the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police. A. which B. what C. that先

29、行词是不定代词先行词是不定代词 all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything只能用只能用that引导引导16. Its the most boring film _ I have ever seen. A. which B. that C. whose17. This is the first car _ arrived this morning. A. which B. who C. that 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时饰时只能用只能用that引导引导18. I know all people

30、_ are from that village. A. who B. that C. whose19. There is no water _ is needed badly. A. which B. who C. that20. Please take any seat _ is free. A. which B. that C. in which先行词被先行词被all, any, every, few, little, no, some 等修饰时等修饰时只能用只能用that引导引导21. That is the very book _ I was looking for. A. who B. that C. which22. After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing _ he owns. A. who B. that C. which先行词被先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last 等修饰时等修饰时只能用只能用that引导引导23. The speaker spoke of some writers and some books _ were popular then. A. who B. that C. which先行