小升初语法--形容词和副词的比较级和最高级

1、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级一、形容词和副词的比较等级形式大多数形容词和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级，用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词和副词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化 两种。（1）规则变化：音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾-er，-est来构成比较级和最高级。构成法原级比较级最咼级一般单音节词末尾加 -er,-est。tall（高的） great（巨大的）tallergreatertallest greatest以不发音的e结尾的单音节词 和少数以-le结尾的双音节词 只加-r,-st 。nice（好的） large（大的） able （有能力的）nic

2、er larger ablernicest largest ablest以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节 单音节词，双写结尾的辅音字 母， 再加-er，-est。big（大的） hot热的）bigger hotterbiggest hottest以辅音字母+y ”结尾的双音 节词，改y为i，再加-er，-est 。easy（容易的） busy（忙的）easierbusiereasiest busiest少数以-er， -ow结尾的双音节词末尾加-er，-est 。clever（聪明的） narrow（窄的）cleverer n arrowercleverest n arrowest其他双音节词和多音

3、节词，在 前面加 more，most来构成比 较级和最高级。important（重要的） easily（容易地）more importa ntmore easilymost importa ntmost easily（2）不规则变化原级比较级最高级good（好的）/ well（健康的）betterbestill（有病的）/ bad （坏的）/ badly （坏地）worseworstmuch/many（多的）moremostlittle（少的）lessleastold （老的）older/elder比较老的/较年长的oldest/eldest最老的/最年长的far （远的 /地）farther

4、/furtherfarther/further二、形容词和副词比较等级的常用句型。（1） as +形容词或副词原级+ as1） 在否定句或疑问句中可用 soasoHe cannot run so/as fast as you.2）当asas中间有名词时采用以下格式。- as + 形容词 + a + 单数名词This is as good an example as the other is.- as + many/much + 名词I can carry as much paper as you can.3） 用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的前面。- This room is

5、 twice as big as that one. - Your room is the same size as mine.4）倍数 + as + adj. + as v = > 倍数 + then + of- This bridge is three times as long as that one.- This bridge is three times the len gth of that one.- Your room is twice as large as mine.- Your room is twice the size of mine.（2） 比较级形容词或副词

6、+ than- You are taller than I.注意：1）要避免重复使用比较级。- （错）He is more cleverer tha n his brother.- （对）He is more clever tha n his brother.- （对）He is clever tha n his brother.2）要避免将主语含在比较对象中。-（错）China is larger that any country in Asia.- （对）China is larger tha n any other coun tries in Asia.3 ）要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致

7、的原则。- The populati on of Shan ghai is larger tha n that of Beiji ng.-It is easier to make a pla n tha n to carry it out.4）要注意冠词的使用，后有名词的时候，前面才有可能有名词。比较： Which is large, Canada or Australia?Which is the larger coun try, Can ada or Australia?She is taller than her two sisters.She is the taller of the

8、two sisters.（3）可修饰比较级的词1）a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even 等2）还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。3）以上词（除by far）外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。典型例题1）- Are you feeling?- Yes, rm fine now.A. any wellB. any better C. quite goodD. quite better答案：B. any可修饰比较级，quite修饰原级，wel

9、l的比较级为better.2）The experiment waseasier than we had expected.A. moreB. much moreC. muchD. more much答案：C. much可修饰比较级，因此 B, C都说得通，但easier本身已是比较级，不需more，因此C为正确答案。3) If there were no exam in ati ons, we should haveat school.A. the happiest timeC. much happiest time答案：DoB. a more happier timeD. a much ha

10、ppier time重点难点详解(1) many ,old 和 far1) 如果后接名词时，much more +不可数名词many more +可数名词复数2) old有两种比较级和最高级形式：-older/oldest-elder/eldest只用于兄弟姐妹的长幼关系。- My elder brother is an engin eer.- Mary is the eldest of the three sisters.3) far有两种比较级，farther，further.在英语中两者都可指距离。在美语中，father 表示距离，further 表示进一步。 I have nothin

11、g further to say.(2) the +最高级+比较范围1) The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词the,副词最高级前可不用。形容词most前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示 非常”It is a most important problem. = It is a very important problem.注意：使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。- (错)Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.- (对)Tom is the talles

12、t of the three brothers.2) 下列词可修饰最高级by far, far, much, mostly, almost - This hat is n early / almost the biggest. 注意：a. very可修饰最高级，但位置与 much不同。- This is the very best.- This is much the best.b. 序数词通常只修饰最高级。-Africa is the seco nd largest con ti nent.3) 句型转换：- Mike is the most intelligent in his class

13、.- Mike is more in tellige nt tha n any other stude nts in his class.4) 否定词语+比较级” 否定词语+ soas结构表示最高级含义。Noth ing is so easy as this. =Noth ing is easier tha n this. =This is the easiest thing.(3)和more有关的词组1) the more the more 越就越The harder you work , the greater progress you'llmake.2) more B than

14、A = less A than B 与其说 A 不如说 BHe is more lazy than slow at his work. = He is lessslow than lazy at his work.3) no more than 与 一样，不比 多 The officials could see no more than the Emperor.no less than 与一样 He is no less diligent than you.4) more than 不只是，非常 She is more than kind to us all.形容词和副词比较级和最高级习题一、

15、选择填空1. Which does Jimmy like, Chi nese or Art?A. well B. best C. better D. much2. The Chan gjia ng River is one of in the world.A. the Ion gest riverB. l on gest riversC. the Ion gest riversD. lo nger rivers3. The box isthan I wan ted.A. biger B. the bigerC. bigger D. the bigger4. My moon cake is ni

16、 cerhis.A. likeB. withC. forD. tha n5. You are fatter tha n.A. heB. hisC. himD. he is tall6. He jumpsof the three.A. far B. further C. farthest D. furthest7. My hair is Ion ger tha nA. my sister B. Kate C. my brother ' s D. Lucy ' s8. There arepaper here .Please bring some.A. little B. less

17、C. fewer D. a little9. The pen istha n that one.A. more cheapB. cheapC. much cheaperD. quite cheaper10. Tom speaks Chin esebetter tha n Jimmy.A. more B. very C. a lot of D. much11. There aregirls in Class Two tha n in Class Four.A. more B. ni cest C. most D. best12.It ' s toofor you to do that.A

18、. easy B. more dan gerousC. harder D. the easiest13. Who hasapples now, Jim, Lily or Lucy?A. much B. biggest C. better D. the most14. You have more rulers than me. But are nicer than .A. mine, yours B. mine, your C. my, yours D. my, your15. T in gt ing is tha n Meimei, but Meimei is tha n Tin gt ing

19、.A. all, stron gerB. taller, stron gestC. tallest, strongD. taller, stron ger16. Mother isin my family.A. busy B. busier C. the busiest D. more busy17. There are in the park on Sun day.A. more childre nB. a lot of peopleC. much men and wome nD. many peoples18. -This blue sweater is too big for me .-

20、Will you please show me aone?A. small B. smaller C. the smallest D. smallest19. No one isMary in the class.A. so tallest as B. as taller as C. so high as D. so tall as20. This bike istha n that one.A. twenty yua n dearB. twenty yua n dearerC. dear twenty yua nD. dearer twenty yua n二、用所给词的适当形式填空1. Your classroom is(wide) and(bright) tha n ours.2. There are(few) hours of sun light a day in wi nter tha n in summer.3. Which do you like(well) , Maths or Chemistry?4. This is the(good) film I have ever see n.5. Africa is the sec ond(large) con