高中英语语法复习分词与动名词教学文稿

1、高中英语语法复习分词与动名高中英语语法复习分词与动名词词I 动名词：动名词： doing1.动名词的功能动名词的功能2.动名词的复合结构动名词的复合结构3.接动名词的动词和短语接动名词的动词和短语4.需要特殊关注的五类动词需要特殊关注的五类动词考点考点1.动名词的功能动名词的功能 主语主语 宾语宾语 表语表语 定语定语Seeing is believing. Her favourite job is teaching.We dont allow smoking here.He has a reading room. 现在分词作定语主要表示动作和用途现在分词作定语主要表示动作和用途（主动（主动的

2、、进行的动作）。的、进行的动作）。a waiting car = the car that is waiting a sleeping child 熟睡的孩子熟睡的孩子The girl standing there is my sister. 站在那儿的女孩是我的姐妹。站在那儿的女孩是我的姐妹。注意注意现在分词作定语时，它表示的动作是正现在分词作定语时，它表示的动作是正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生。在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生。动名词作定语表示用途：动名词作定语表示用途：the waiting room = the room for waiting 候车室候车室a

3、working method 工作方法工作方法He has a reading room. 他有一个书房。他有一个书房。2.动名词的复合结构动名词的复合结构 你的到来使我们感到很高兴。你的到来使我们感到很高兴。 老师建议我们明天早上出发。老师建议我们明天早上出发。 我做梦都想我家门前有条河。我做梦都想我家门前有条河。 Tom 很想今年能有机会出国。很想今年能有机会出国。Your coming makes us very happy.The teacher suggested us/our starting tomorrow morning.I dream of there being a ri

4、ver in front of my house.Tom wants there to be a chance to go abroad this year.3.接动名词的动词和短语接动名词的动词和短语 admit, appreciate, avoid, consider delay, enjoy, escape , imagine excuse, finish, forgive，suggest include, keep, mind , risk miss, practise, resist put off, , give up , feel like , cant stand4.需要特殊关

5、注的五类动词需要特殊关注的五类动词 forget, regret, remember go on, like, mean, stop, try allow, advise, forbid, permit need, require, want, deserve start, begin, continue 一一. 分词的构成分词的构成 分词分为现在分词和过去分词。现分词分为现在分词和过去分词。现在分词构成为在分词构成为V+ing, 过去分词构成过去分词构成为为V+ed。分词也有一般式、过去式、。分词也有一般式、过去式、完成式及主动和被动等各种形式。完成式及主动和被动等各种形式。二二. 功能功能

6、(考点考点) 1. 现在分词和过去分词的区别现在分词和过去分词的区别 a. 在时态上，现在分词表示正在进行，在时态上，现在分词表示正在进行，而过去分词表示已经完成。而过去分词表示已经完成。 the developing countries the developed countries boiling water boiled water发展中国家发展中国家发达国家发达国家沸腾的水沸腾的水开水开水作定语：作定语： b. 在语态上，现在分词表示主动，而过在语态上，现在分词表示主动，而过去分词表示被动。去分词表示被动。 the oppressing class the oppressed clas

7、s burning fire burned skin 压迫阶级压迫阶级被压迫阶级被压迫阶级燃烧的火焰燃烧的火焰烧伤的皮肤烧伤的皮肤Have a try: Adam and Eve were induced to eat the _ (forbid) Fruit by Satan. 亚当和夏娃受魔鬼的引诱偷吃了禁果亚当和夏娃受魔鬼的引诱偷吃了禁果.2. He is a businessman _(grow) rich in recent years.3. A man _ (question) now was a spy.forbiddengrowingbeing questioned 4. Th

8、ese trucks carry goods _ (export) to foreign countries.5. Money _ (spend) is more than money _ (earn).6. Is this book _ (write) by Henry James?7. He was then a teacher _ (respect) by all his students.exportedspentearnedwrittenrespected8. A man _ (respect) others will be _.(respect)9. _ (use) cars ar

9、e very cheap.10. A cold wind came _(blow) in at the window.respectingrespectedUsedblowing注意注意 1.作定语的现在分词所表示的动作发生的时作定语的现在分词所表示的动作发生的时间有两种情况：间有两种情况：a. 表示正在进行的动作表示正在进行的动作, (变为从句时要用进行时变为从句时要用进行时态态), 如：如： Tell the children (who are playing there) not to make so much noise.b. 表示经常性的动作表示经常性的动作, 或现在或现在 (或当时

10、或当时) 的状态的状态, (变变为从句时为从句时, 用一般时态用一般时态), 如：如： They lived in a room (= that faced) . The house (= that stands) was built in 1955. 2.过去分词作定语时，表示的动作可以在谓过去分词作定语时，表示的动作可以在谓语动词之前发生，也可以是没有一定的时间语动词之前发生，也可以是没有一定的时间性，如：性，如： Is this the book ? The meeting is very important. He is a man . I hate to see letters .

11、如果动作现正在发生，或与谓语的动作同如果动作现正在发生，或与谓语的动作同时发生，可以用时发生，可以用来表示，如：来表示，如： The meeting is very important.如果是一个未来的动作，可以用一个如果是一个未来的动作，可以用一个来表示，如：来表示，如： The meeting is very important. Tom looked at Jenny, tears _ his eyes, and shouted out the words _ in his heart for years. filling; having been hidden filled; hidd

12、en filling; hidden filled; hidingC分词的完成式不分词的完成式不能作后置定语能作后置定语3.分词还可以作非限制性定语（相当于一个非限制分词还可以作非限制性定语（相当于一个非限制性定语从句），这时，它和句子的其他部分用逗性定语从句），这时，它和句子的其他部分用逗号隔开，试比较：号隔开，试比较： All my brothers living in Shanghai are scientists. All my brothers, living in Shanghai, are scientists. All the letters in the drawer wri

13、tten in pencil are from my sister. All the letters in the drawer, written in pencil, are from my sister.合并句子：合并句子： The children ran out of the room. They . They stood there for an hour . They . The children ran out of the room, .They stood there for an hour . She sat at the desk. She . They started

14、to climb. They . They greatly reduced the cost. We . We visited a number of cities.She sat at the desk ., they started to climb., they greatly reduced the cost., we visited a number of cities.满足什么条件才可以用分词作状语满足什么条件才可以用分词作状语 两个简单句主语一致两个简单句主语一致 动作几乎同时发生动作几乎同时发生注意注意如果分词表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发如果分词表示的动作在谓语所表示的动

15、作之前发生，则要用完成形式，如：生，则要用完成形式，如：已经和农民工作了好多年，他对他们很了解。已经和农民工作了好多年，他对他们很了解。由于没有收到回信，他决定再写一封。由于没有收到回信，他决定再写一封。Not knowing her address, we couldnt get in touch with her.Having worked among the peasants for many years, he knew them very well.Not having received an answer, he decided to write another letter. 3

16、.分词作分词作_（相当于（相当于 _引导的从引导的从句），如：句），如： Turning around, she saw a police car driving up. Having heard the bad news, they cried. Being busy , my uncle has no time to talk with me. When she turned around, she saw a police car driving up.After they heard the bad news, they cried.Because he is busy, my unc

17、le has no time to talk with me.分词短语作状语时，前面有时可以加上分词短语作状语时，前面有时可以加上when, if, while, though, as if, even though,unless 等连词，为等连词，为了句意的完整，但省略的主语必须和主句的主语了句意的完整，但省略的主语必须和主句的主语相同，如：相同，如：假如假如/当被加热时，水就会变成蒸汽。当被加热时，水就会变成蒸汽。 即使被邀请，我也不会去的。即使被邀请，我也不会去的。 小女孩很害羞，从来不说话除非别人逗她说。小女孩很害羞，从来不说话除非别人逗她说。 If / When heated, wa

18、ter changes into steam.Even if invited, I wont go.The girl is very shy, and never speaks until spoken to.宾语补足语宾语补足语 容易混淆的两组概念：容易混淆的两组概念： 双宾语双宾语 复合宾语复合宾语= 直接宾语直接宾语+间接宾语间接宾语= 宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语Mum bought me a bike.能接复合宾语的词：能接复合宾语的词：a.及物动词（及物动词（keep, leave， b.介词介词 with/without宾语补足语宾语补足语名词名词形容词形容词过去分词过去分词现

19、在分词现在分词介词短语介词短语不定式不定式动词原形动词原形get, have, make watch, notice, see, hear, listen to , feel, find ）want, wish, like ,expect 被动被动&完成完成主动主动&进行进行未完成未完成 现在分词做宾语补足语，如现在分词做宾语补足语，如：我真抱歉让你等这么久。我真抱歉让你等这么久。我能感觉到冷风吹在我脸上。我能感觉到冷风吹在我脸上。他尽力想让引擎启动起来。他尽力想让引擎启动起来。那些话让我们突然大笑起来。那些话让我们突然大笑起来。注：现在分词做宾语补足语表示动作与谓语同时注：现

20、在分词做宾语补足语表示动作与谓语同时发生或正在进行，强调动作过程。发生或正在进行，强调动作过程。 Im sorry to have kept you waiting for so long. I could feel the cold wind blowing on my face. He tried to start the engine running. The words immediately set us all laughing. 过去分词做宾语补足语，如：过去分词做宾语补足语，如：他看着电视被从房子里搬走。他看着电视被从房子里搬走。去年他们把房子重新建了一下。去年他们把房子重新建

21、了一下。当你说英语时，一定要确保别人听懂你。当你说英语时，一定要确保别人听懂你。 你最好把你鞋修一下。你最好把你鞋修一下。 注：过去分词做宾语补足语表示动作完成，并有注：过去分词做宾语补足语表示动作完成，并有被动意义。被动意义。 He watched the TV set carried out of the room.Last year they had the house rebuilt.When you speak English, be sure to make yourself understood.Youd better have your shoes mended. 独立结构可以

22、表示伴随动作或情况独立结构可以表示伴随动作或情况, 表示时间、原表示时间、原因、条件等因、条件等, 例如：例如：He rushed into the room. His face was covered with sweat. He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat.The composition finished, he handed it to the teacher.If weather permits, well have an outing tomorrow. When all things are considere

23、d, her paper is of greater value than yours. After the job was done, we went home.As the composition was finished, he handed it to the teacher.Weather permitting, well have an outing tomorrow. All things considered, her paper is of greater value than yours. The job done, we went home. So many studen

24、ts being absent, we decided to put the meeting off. Although the shower was over, we continued to march. Because so many students were absent, we decided to put the meeting off. The shower being over, we continued to march.注：在独立结构中，也可以用现在分词的完成形注：在独立结构中，也可以用现在分词的完成形式，如：式，如： His comrades having all le

25、ft for the front, he didnt want to stay in the rear. 1. _ (give) more time, he will make a first class tennis player. 2. _ (hear) that Li Yuchun will give a performance in the city, he got very excited. 3. My grandfather always tells me that the _ (labour) people are the wisest people in the world.G

26、ivenHearinglabouringHave a try: 4. _ (be) a student in the new century, we should know what is honourable behavior and what is shameful. 5. When hearing the news that France was defeated in the World Cup, he felt _ (disappoint) because he likes the team very much. 6. He sent the company another e-ma

27、il, _ (hope) to get further information about the job. 7. Unless _ (invite) to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.Beingdisappointedhopinginvited8. Those _ (remain) had to face all kinds of difficulties.9. When _ (leave) the airport, they waved again and again to us.10. _ (lie) still in the grass, _ (wait) , he heard the sound of the wild.remainingleavingLyingwaiting高考链接高考链接 1. When _ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. A. compared B. being compared C. com